View of Main & Inner Cover ..... 2: 1. Breeds of Milking Animals .......... 3

Contents
View of Main & Inner Cover ..... 2

Introduction .............................. 1
1. Breeds of Milking Animals .......... 3
1.1 Cows breeds ....................................... 3
Local breeds of cow ............................ 3
(a) Gir .......................................................................3
(b) Rathi ...................................................................4
(c) Tharparkar .........................................................5
(d) Sahiwal ..............................................................6
(e) Red Sindhi .........................................................7
Foreign Breeds of Cow ....................... 9

(a) Jersey ................................................................9
(b) Holestien Physian ...........................................10
1.2 Breeds of Baffalo ............................. 11

(a) Murah ............................................................... 11
(b) Neeli Ravi ........................................................13

2. Selection of Milking Animals .... 14
3. Characteristics of good breed . 16
4. Age identification of animals .... 17
4.1 Age identification by animal records ... 17
4.2 Age identification by animal horns ....... 17
4.3 Age identification by teeth .................... 18
5. Animal housing .......................... 19

Cleanliness of animal house ................. 21
6. Feeding of Animal ..................... 21
Balanced feed of animals ...................... 22
Important points for aninmal feed ........ 22
(a) Important Formulas for animal feed ...................23
(b) General Formula for balanced animal feed .......25
7. Animal reproduction ................. 26

(a) Symptoms of animal in Heat ...............................27
Suggestions ................................................................28
(b) Advantage of Animal Infertility ............................29
Suggestions ................................................................30
(c) Breed Improvement ..............................................30
(d) Main causes of Infertility .....................................31

8. Care Cows / Baffalows at calving ... 31
(a) Precautions at calving....................................34
(b) Care after calving ...........................................34
9. Care of dam and calf ................. 36

10. Dehorning of animals .............. 39
11. Clean milk production ............. 39
Milking place........................................... 40
Cleanliness of milking utensils ............. 40
Cleanliness of milkman / milkwoman .. 41
Important points while milking of
animals .................................................... 44
12. Precautions in collection of
milk........................................... 47
13. Milk and Marketing of milk
production ............................... 49
14. Infected diseases in animals and
their control ............................. 51
Homorrhagic septicemia (H.S.) ............. 51
Cause and Symptoms ....................................... 51
Treatment ........................................................... 52
Precautions ........................................................ 52
Black Quarter .......................................... 53
Causes ............................................................... 53
Symptoms .......................................................... 53
Treatment ........................................................... 53
Precautions ........................................................ 54
Anthryx .................................................... 54
Causes ............................................................... 54
Symptoms .......................................................... 55
Precautions ........................................................ 55
Rinderpest (R.P.)..................................... 56
Causes ............................................................... 56
Symptoms .......................................................... 56
Precautions ........................................................ 57
Foot and Mouth Disease ........................ 58
Causes ............................................................... 58
Symptoms .......................................................... 58
Precautions ........................................................ 59
Mastitis ........................................... 60
Causes ............................................................... 60
Symptoms .......................................................... 60
Precautions ........................................................ 61
Control of Animal Diseases ......... 62
(a) Vaccination against communal diseases .. 62
(b) Precautons against endoparacytes............ 62
(c) Precautions against ectoparacytes ............ 63
16. Bank Loan for Dairying ........... 63
17. Insurance of Animals .............. 64
Photo Gallary ............................ 1

Breeds of Desi Cow ........................ 2
Gir .............................................................. 2
Rathi .......................................................... 2
Tharparkar................................................. 2
Breeds of Foreign Cow ................... 6
Jursi ........................................................... 6
Holestien ................................................... 6
Breeds of Buffalo ............................ 9
Murah ........................................................ 9
Neeli Ravi .................................................. 9
About the Author(s) ....................... 12
(A) Rupender Kaur ................................. 12
(B) Rajendra Rathore ............................. 12
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bl fof/k ls i'kq dh vk;q dk fcYdqy Bhd irk py tkrk gS
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ds C;kus dh frfFk rFkk cPps dh tUe frfFk vafdr dj nh tkrh
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dh la[;k esa nks blfy;s tksMk+ tkrk gS D;ksfa d igys o nwljs o"kZ
lhax ij dksbZ NYyk ugha curkA
lw=% i'kq dh vk;q o"kksaZ esa ¾ lhax ij NYyksa dh la[;k $ 2
4-3 nkWarksa }kjk
vk;q Kkr djus dh mijksDr lHkh fof/k;ksa esa dqN u dqN

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i'kqvksa dh vk;q Kkr djus ds fy;s nkarksa dk lko/kkuhiwod
Z
fujh{k.k djrs gSAa xk;] HkSla o vU; tqxkyh djus okys i'kqvksa esa
vxz izdkj ds nkar ik;s tkrs gSAa
xk; ,oa HkSal ds LFkkbZ nkar fudyus ,oa f?klus dh vk;q %

Ø- nkarksa dh nkar fudyus dh vk;q f?klus dh vk;q
la- fdLe xk; HkSal ¼o"kksZa esa½
dÙrd dsUnzh; 2 ls <kbZ Ok"kZ <kbZ Ok"kZ Lkk<s ikap ls 6 Ok"kZ
tksM+k
dÙrd e/;orhZ <kbZ ls 3 Ok"kZ Lkk<s rhu o"kZ 7 ls 8 o"kZ
tksM+k
dÙrd ik'ohZ; lk<s rhu ls lk<s pkj o"kZ 8 ls 9 o"kZ
tksM+k 4 o"kZ
dÙrd dksu lk<s pkj ls 5 ls lk<s 9 ls 10 o"kZ
tksM+k 5 o"kZ ikap o"kZ
izFke tksM+k 2 o"kZ & &
vxznk<+
f}rh; tksM+k <kbZ o"kZ & &
vxznk<+
r`rh; tksM+k 3 o"kZ & &
vxznk<+
5- i'kq vkokl
v i'kq'kkyk dk fuekZ.k Å¡ps ,oa goknkj LFkku ij djsAa
v i'kq ds [kM+s gksus dk LFkku vkxs ls ihNs dh vksj <ky okyk

gks ,oa [kqjnjk gksuk pkfg,A
v i'kq'kkyk dh Nr 2-25 ehVj Å¡pa h gksuh pkfg;sA

v i'kqvksa dks pkjk nsus gsrq tehu ls 50 lsUVhehVj Å¡pa kbZ ij

iDdh pjh cuk;h tkuh pkfg;s] ftldh yEckbZ 75 lsUVhehVj]
pkSMk+ bZ 60 lsUVhehVj ,oa xgjkbZ 40 lsUVhehVj gksuh pkfg;s
,oa bldh izfr fnu lQkbZ djuh pkfg;sA
v i'kqvkas dks ikuh nsus ds fy;s Hkh mijksDr uki dh vyx pjh
cuk;s]sa ftlesa ges'kk rktk ,oa LoPN ikuh Hkjk j[kuk pkfg;sA
xk; ,oa HkSal ds fy, vkokl esa LFkku dh vko';drk %

[kM+s gksus ds
Ø- ukan ds fy, [kqyk LFkku
mez fy, LFkku ¼o-
la- LFkku ¼eh-½ ¼oxZ eh-½
eh-½
4&6 ekg 0-2&0-3 0-8&1-0 3-0&4-0
6&12 ekg 0-3&0-4 1-2&1-6 5-0&6-0
1&2 o"kZ 0-4&0-5 1-6&1-8 6-0&8-0
xk; @ HkSal 0-8&1-0 1-8&2-0 11-0&12-0
X;kfHku 1-0&1-2 8-5&10-0 15-0&20-0
xk;@HkSal
v bruh [kqyh txg gks fd i'kqvksa dh ns[kHkky rFkk f[kykbZ&fiykbZ
djus okyk O;fDr vklkuh ls vk tk ldsA
v i'kq'kkyk ,slh gks ftlesa i'kq dks vf/kd ls vf/kd LoPNrk o
vkjke fey ldsA
i'kq'kkyk dh lQkbZ
i'kq'kkyk ges'kk lkQ lqFkjh jgsA xkscj rFkk is'kkc dks
tYnh ls gVk fn;k tk,A laHko gks rks ,d x<~<s esa bdV~Bk djrs
jgsAa [kkus&ihus dh ukans izfrfnu lkQ djuh pkfg,A lIrkg esa ,d
ckj vPNh rjg ls lQkbZ djds pwus dk jax p<+k nsAa
6- i'kq vkgkj
i'kqikyu O;olk; esa vkfFkZd :i ls lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ
igyw i'kq vkgkj gS D;ksfa d i'kqikyu O;olk; dk 60&70 izfr'kr
O;;] i'kq vkgkj ij gh gksrk gSA vkgkj O;; de djds ykHkktZu
c<k;k tk ldrk gSA i'kqvksa dks lLr larfq yr vkgkj miyC/k
djkuk pkfg,A
lUrqfyr vkgkj
lUrqfyr vkgkj ml Hkkstu lkexzh dks dgrs gSa tks fdlh

Hkh i'kq dh 24 ?kaVs dh fu/kkZfjr ikS"kf.kd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ
djrk gSA ;gk¡ ij larfq yr jk'ku
esa dkcZu] olk vkSj izkVs hu ds
vkilh fo'ks"k vuqikr gksuk
pkfg,A larfq yr jk'ku esa feJ.k
ds fofHkUu inkFkksaZ dh ek=k _rq
vkSj i'kq Hkkj rFkk mldh mRiknu
{kerk ds vuqlkj ?kVrh&c<+rh jgrh gSA
i'kqvksa dks jk'ku nsrs le; /;ku j[kus ;ksX; ckrsa
v nkus dks i'kqvksa dks f[kykus ls iwoZ mls fHkxks ysuk pkfg,A ikuh
esa fHkxks ysus ij nkus vkil esa HkyhHkkafr fey tkrs gSAa i'kq
mUgsa pko ls [kkrs gSa vkSj ;s 'kh?kz ip Hkh tkrs gSAa
v nkus dks i'kqvksa dks ny dj f[kykuk pkfg,A ny tkus ij ,d

rks ;s ueh dks 'kh?kz gh lks[k ysrs gSa vkSj NksVh mez ds i'kq
fcuk nys nkus dks Bhd ls ipk ugha ikrs gSAa
v pkjs dh dqêh dkV dj f[kykuh pkfg,A
¼d½ i'kq iks"k.k ds egRoiw.kZ lw=
v xk; ,oa HkSla ds uotkr cPpksa dks [khl vFkkZr dksyLs Vªe
vo'; fiyk;sAa
v i'kq dks rUnq:Lrh ds fy, nks fdyks rFkk nqX/k mRiknu ds fy,
izfr <kbZ fdyks nw/k ij ,d fdyks larfq yr i'kq vkgkj vo';
nsaA
v ikap fdyks ls vf/kd nw/k nsus okys tkuojksa dks izfrfnu gjk
pkjk vo'; nsAa blds fy;s [ksr esa tk;n ,oa [kjhQ esa pjh]
yksfc;k] eDdk ,oa jch esa tsb]Z cjlhe] fjtdk cks;Aas
v iRrh ds :i esa gjs pkjs gsrq ?kj ds vkl ikl [kkyh iM+h Hkwfe
ij lqccwy] 'kgrwr ds ikS/ks yxk;sAa
v ?kkl ds :i esa gjs pkjs nsus gsrq esMk+ as ,oa ou iapk;r esa
usfi;j] xq.kh ?kkl] lhrk ?kkl yxok;sAa
v nqX/k mRiknu o i'kq ds thou fuokZg ds fy, mÙke fdLe dk
T;knk ls T;knk pkjk f[kykuk pkfg,A
v i'qk dks fn, tkus okys iwjd jk'ku dh ek=k dk fu/kkZj.k i'kq
dks f[kyk, tk jgs pkjs dh ek=k o fdLe ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
v nygu okys pkjs dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
v pkjk lkQ o lqjf{kr gksA
v mUur fdLe ds gjs pkjs dk miHkksx 40&50 fdyksxkz e izfr
i'kq@izfrfnu rd fd;k tk ldrk gSA

¼[k½ lUrqfyr i'qk vkgkj gsrq lkekU; lw=
vkgkj ?kVd
rsy chtksa dh [kyh 25&35 izfr'kr
vukt dk nfy;k 25&35 izfr'kr
vukt mRikn 10&25 izfr'kr
nky pwjh 5 ls 20 izfr'kr
[kfut yo.k feJ.k 2 izfr'kr
ued 1 izfr'kr
vkgkj ?kVd
eDdk 27 izfr'kr
xsg¡w dh pkiM+ 25 izfr'kr
ewxa Qyh dh [ky 17 izfr'kr
puk pwjh 16 izfr'kr
[kfut yo.k feJ.k 2 izfr'kr
ued 1 izfr'kr
7- i'kq iztuu
iztuu ;ksX; i'kqvksa dks xfHkZr djokus ds fy;s d“f=e
xHkkZ/kku rduhd dks izkFkfedrk ns]a D;ksfa d lkaM+ }kjk iztuu ls
tuu vaxksa dh chekjh QSys ldrh gS tcfd d‘f=e xHkkZ/kku }kjk
vfr mRre iztkfr ds lkaM+ ds oh;Z ls uLy lq/kkj gksrk gS ,oa
chekjh ugh QSyrh gSA xk; ,oa HkSla ksa esa d‘f=e xHkkZ/kku gsrq
fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg;s &
v xk; vFkok HkSla ds xehZ esa vkus ij bldh lwpuk fudVre
d‘f=e xHkkZ/kku dk;ZdrkZ dks rqjUr nsuh pkfg;sA
v HkSla ksa esa eqjkZ lkaM+ ds oh;Z ls d‘f=e xHkkZ/kku djokuk pkfg;sA
v ioZrh; {ks= dh ns'kh xk;ksa esa tlhZ lkaM+ ,oa eSnkuh {ks= dh
ns'kh xk;ksa esa gksyfLVu fÝft;u ds lkaM+ ds oh;Z ls d‘f=e
xHkkZ/kku djokuk pkfg;sA
v ladj uLy dh xk;ksa esa ladj uLy ds lkaM+ ds oh;Z ls d‘f=e
xHkkZ/kku djokuk pkfg;s] blls mRiUu oRl esa fons'kh ,oa ns'kh
jDr dk izfr'kr 50&50 izfr'kr jgrk gS ftlls fd mldh

mRiknu {kerk vf/kd gksrh gS ,oa LFkkuh; okrkoj.k ds izfr
lgu'khyrk Hkh vf/kd jgrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s ;fn
i'kqikyd ds ikl ladj uLy dh tlhZ xk; gS rks d‘f=e
xHkkZ/kku dk;ZdrkZ ls bldks ladj uLy ds tlhZ lkaM+ ds oh;Z
ls xfHkZr djokuk pkfg;sA
¼d½ i'kqvksa ds xehZ esa vkus ds y{k.k %
v ckj&ckj jaHkkukA
v iwNa mBkukA
v iztuu vaxksa esa lwtu vkSj vf/kd jDr izokg ds dkj.k
xqykch&yky jaxA
v iztuu vaxksa ls xk<+s fpifpis vkSj ikjn'khZ nzo dk fudyukA
v ckj&ckj is'kkc djukA
v [kqjkd vkSj nw/k dk de gksukA

v i'kq dk cspuS gksuk] nwljs tkuojksa dks la?w kuk vkSj mu ij

p<+ukA
v xehZ esa vkus ds 12&14 ?kaVs ds ckn i'kq dk lkaM+ ;k vU; i'kq
ds lkeus tkdj [kM+k gksuk vkSj mls vius Åij p<+us nsukA
;g xHkkZ/kku dk lokZf/kd mi;qDr le; gksrk gSA
lq>ko %
v xehZ esa vkus ds 12&14 ?kaVs ckn gh d‘f=e xHkkZ/kku vFkok

izkd‘frd xHkkZ/kku djkuk pkfg;sA ;fn i'kq X;kfHku ugha gqvk
gS rks og 21 fnu ckn iqu% xehZ esa vk;sxkA

v i'kq yxHkx 21 fnu ds varj ij iqu% xehZ esa vkrk gSA vr%
21 fnu ckn xehZ ds y{k.kksa dk fQj ls fujh{k.k djuk
pkfg;s] fo'ks"kr% lqcg vkSj 'kke ds le;A HkSlksa esa fo'ks"k

/;ku nsuk pkfg;s D;ksfa d mu esa xehZ ds y{k.k vf/kd Li"V
ugha gksrs gsAaS

¼[k½ d`f=e xHkkZ/kku ds ykHk %
v tc xk;@HkSla xehZ esa gksrh gS] rc lkaM+ dks <w<a us dh t:jr

ugha iM+rhA izf'kf{kr d‘f=e xHkkZ/kku dk;ZdrkZ mUur lkaM+ ds
mPp xq.koRrk;qDr oh;Z ls i'kq dks xfHkZr dj nsrk gSA
v d‘f=e xHkkZ/kku }kjk ,d lkaM+ ls vusd i'kqvksa dks xfHkZr

djk;k tk ldrk gS vr% mUur lkM+kas dk p;u lEHko gks
ikrk gSA
v i'kqvksa dh uLy esa rsth ls lq/kkj gksrk gSA
v d‘f=e xHkkZ/kku ls iztuu lEcU/kh chekfj;ksa dks QSyus ls jksdk

tk ldrk gSA
v d‘f=e xHkkZ/kku djkrs le; tuukaxks dh chekfj;ksa dk Hkh irk

yx tkrk gSA
v ;g rduhd lLrh Hkh gSA

lq>ko %
v i'kq dks d‘f=e xHkkZ/kku djkus ds 21 fnu ckn xehZ ds y{k.kksa

dk iqu% fujh{k.k djuk pkfg;sA
v d‘f=e xHkkZ/kku djkus ds 90 fnu ckn xHkZ ijh{k.k Hkh djokuk

pkfg;sA
v rhu ckj xHkkZ/kku djkus ds ckn Hkh ;fn xHkZ ugha Bgjrk gS
rks i'kq fpfdRld ls lEidZ djuk pkfg;sA
¼x½ uLy lq/kkj
;fn fdlh ,d uLy dh ns'kh xk; ;k HkSla dh mUur uLy

ds lkaM ;k ikMs ls X;kfHku djk,¡ rks bls uLy lq/kkj dgrs gSa rFkk
;fn fdlh ,d uLy dh xk; dks fons'kh uLy ds lkaM ls X;kfHku
djk,¡ rks mls ladj iztuu dgrs gSAa
mDr dk;Z nks izdkj ls fd;k tkrk gS %&

v izkd‘frd xHkkZ/kku }kjk
v d‘f=e xHkkZ/kku }kjk
¼?k½ cka> ,oa buQfVZfyVh ds eq[; dkj.k
¼ckj&ckj xehZ esa vkuk o xHkZ/kkj.k ugha gksuk½
v dqiks"k.k
v tuukaxksa esa jksx gksuk ¼esVªkbfVl] ,.MkseVs ªkbZfVl ik;kseVs ªk½
v gkeksuZ dh deh ;k vfu;ferrk
v lgh le; ij i'kq dks X;kfHku u djokuk ,oa lkQ&lQkbZ dh

deh vkfnA
8- xHkZorh xk;ksa @ HkSalksa dh ns[kHkky
xk; XkHkZ/kkj.k djus ds yxHkx 283 ,oa HkSla 310 fnu ds

i'pkr cPpk nsrh gSA xHkZorh xk;@HkSla dks vkerkSj ij 30&35
fdyksxkz e gjk pkjk + 3&4 fdyksxkz e lw[kk pkjk + 2-5 fdyksxkz e
nkuk rFkk yo.k feJ.k nsuk pkfg;s ,oa mudh ns[kHkky esa
fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dks fo'ks"k /;ku j[kuk pkfg;s &
v C;kus dh vuqekfur frfFk ls Ms<+ & nks eghus iwoZ gh nqguk
cUn dj nsuk pkfg;sA ,slk djus ij og vxys C;kr esa vf/
kd nw/k nsxhA
v bl ckr dk /;ku jf[k;s fd u rks mls dksbZ Mjk;s gh vkSj u
gh nkSMk+ us ik,A mls vf/kd nwjh rd iSny Hkh u pyk;k tk,A
v bl ckr dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kuk pkfg;s fd xHkZorh xk;@HkSla
ls dksbZ vU; i'kq u yMsA+
v C;kus ds vuqekfur le; ls ,d lIrkg iwoZ ls gh xHkZorh
xk;@HkSla dks vU; i'kqvksa ls vyx cka/kdj j[kksA

v xHkZorh xk;@HkSla dks pkVus ds fy;s lS/a kk ued dk <syk j[k
nhft;s ftlls fd mls viuh bPNk ls pkV ysA
v xk;@HkSla ds uhps lw[ks iqvky dk fcNkou Mky nsuk pkfg;sA
v xHkZorh xk;ksa @ HkSla ksa dks ,slh xk;ksa ds lkFk cka/kdj u j[kuk
pkfg;s ftudks xHkZikr gks pqdk gS vkSj u muds lkFk bls pjus
ds fy;s gh Hkstk tkuk pkfg;sA
v X;kfHku i'kq ds X;kHk dh vof/k dks ns[krs gq, mldh vko';drk
vuqlkj [kqjkd nsuh pkfg,A vktdy ladj uLy dh xk,¡ ,oa
HkSla 6&8 ekg dk X;kHk gksrs gq, Hkh nqX/k mRiknu djrh jgrh
gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa i'kq dks vfrfjDr [kqjkd feujy feDlpj]
ckaVk vkfn nsuk vko'; d gS D;ksfa d X;kHk ds le; isV esa iy
jgs cPps ds fy, Hkh [kqjkd pkfg,A

¼d½ C;kr ds oDr lko/kkfu;k¡
v i'kq LoLFk gks rks fcuk fdlh ckgjh enn ls vkjke ls C;kr
gks tkrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa vuko';d :i ls enn u djds
yxkrkj /;ku j[kuk pkfg,A
v C;krs le; i'kq ds vklikl cgqr T;knk HkhM+ ugha djuh

pkfg,A
v C;kus dh txg lkQ lqFkjh gksA
v lnhZ ls ekSle esa C;kr NIij o frckjs esa djkuh pkfg,A
¼[k½ C;kus ds ckn i'kq dh ns[kjs[k
v C;kus ds ckn i'kq dks xqM dk gYdk xeZ ikuh fiykuk pkfg,]
blls i'kq dks rkdr feyrh gS ,oa tsj fxjus esa enn feyrh
gSA
v i'kq dks i;kZIr ek=k esa lw[kk pkjk nsuk pkfg,A 2&3 fnu rd
T;knk gjk pkjk ugha nsuk pkfg,A
v i'kq dks c;kus ds dqN le; ckn xsgaw dk nfy;k vPNh rjg
idkdj xqM ,oa rsy@?kh feykdj nsuk pkfg,A dPpk nfy;k
,oa tkS dk nfy;k ugha nsuk pkfg,A lkr fnu rd xsgaw dk
nfy;k gh nsuk pkfg,A ;g lqikP; gksrk gSA
v v;u ij ;fn lwtu gks rks BaM&s xeZ ikuh dk ckjh&ckjh ls

fNM+dko djuk pkfg,A
v ;fn tsj 4&6 ?kaVs esa ugha fxjs rks tsj fxjus dh nok ysdj xqM+
ds ikuh esa feykdj fiyk,aA blls Hkh ugha fxjs rks i'kq
fpfdRld dks cqykuk pkfg,A
v cNM+s dks lkQ dj xk; ds lkeus j[kuk pkfg,A bls pkVus ls

tsj fxjus esa enn feyrh gSA
v [khl@xqrk FkksMk+ &FkksMk+ rhu ckj fudkyuk pkfg,A ,d lkFk

fudkyus ls ßfeYd QhojÞ uked chekjh gks ldrh gSA
v C;kus ds ckn i'kq ds tuukaxks]a iqVB~ s ,oa 'kjhj ds fiNys Hkkx

dks uhe ;k yky nok ds ?kksy ds xeZ ikuh ls lkQ djuk
pkfg,A lkFk gh ftl txg i'kq dh C;kr gqbZ gks mls fQukbZy
ds ikuh ls /kksuk pkfg,A
9- xk; @ HkSal ds cPps dh ns[kjs[k
v cNM+s dh uky dks ubZ CysM ls 'kjhj ls 2 bap NksMd

+ j /kkxs ls
cka/k dj mldks uhps dkV nsuk pkfg, ,oa ml ij yky nok
;k fVapj vk;ksMhu yxk nsuk pkfg,A
v C;kus ds rqjra ckn cNM+s ds uFkqus lkQ djus pkfg,A
v ;fn cNM+s dks lkal ysus esa rdyhQ gks rks lkQ diM+s ls eqga
o uFkqus lkQ djsa ,oa Nkrh nck dj d‘f=e lkal nsoAas
v tUe ds ckn cPps dks [khl fiykuk cgqr t:jh gSA

v tUe ds 30 feuV ckn cPps dks eka dk nw/k ihus esa lgk;rk
djuh pkfg,A
v ;fn cPps dks eka ls vyx j[kdj ikyuk gS rks mls eka ds Fku
ls nw/k u nsdj vyx ls rlys esa [khl fiykuk pkfg,A
v cPpksa dks muds lkbt@mez ds vuqlkj vyx&vyx djuk

pkfg,A
v cPpksa dks BaM ls cpkuk pkfg,A
v cPpksa dks jksxksa ls cpkus ds fy;s Vhds yxok;sAa
v [kqj dh lQkbZ djuh pkfg,A
v cPpksa dks 10&15 fnu dh vk;q esa lhax jfgr dj nsuk pkfg,A
v chl fnu dh mez ij isV ds dhM+s ekjus dh nok fiykuh
pkfg,A
v cNM+kas ds fy, i;kZIr LoPN ty dk izcU/k djuk pkfg,A
v cNM+kas ds nkus esa uhps fy[kh phtsa feykuh pkfg;s%a &
tbZ 35 izfr'kr
Hkwlh 30 izfr'kr
[kyh ewxa Qyh 20 izfr'kr
tkS 10 izfr'kr
vylh 5 izfr'kr
v rhljs eghus rd cNM+kas dks pkjk&?kkl bR;kfn [kkuk fl[kk nsuk

pkfg, ftlls fd nw/k de fd, tkus ij ;s pkjk&?kkl [kk ldsAa
v NBs eghus ckn cNM+kas dks vkSj lkrosa eghus ckn cfN;ksa dk
pkjk muds otu ds vuqlkj f[kykuk izkjEHk dj nsuk pkfg,A
lkFk esa 1-5 fdyksxkz e nkuk nsuk pkfg,A
v c<+rs gq, otu dh vko';drk dks iwjk djus ds fy, cNM+kas

dks izfr fnu 30 xzke ued vkSj 30 xzke [kfut yo.k
f[kykuk pkfg,A
10- i'qk dks lhax jfgr djuk
Ms;jh i'kqvksa ds fy, lhax dk dksbZ egRo ugha gS cfYd

buls i'kq vkil esa yM+rs jgrs gSa vkSj pksV o vk?kkr yxus dk
[krjk jgrk gSA blfy, vkjEHk esa gh i'kq dks lhax jfgr dj nsuk
pkfg, ftlds fy, dkfLVd NM+h] fctyh ds ;a= o xeZ yksgs dk
iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
11- LoPN nqX/k mRiknu
lkekU;r;k
gkfudkjd thok.kqvksa
rFkk xUnxh jfgr nw/k
dks LoPN nw/k dgrs
gSaA LoPN rFkk LoLFk
i'kq ls fudkyk x;k
nw/k LoPN gksrk gSA
v xk;] HkSla dks LoLFk j[kuk pkfg,] chekj gksus ij LFkkuh; i'kq
fpfdRlky; ls i'kq dh tkap djokuh pkfg,A
v i'kqvksa dks xUns rFkk [kM+s ikuh ls nwj j[ksAa
v nw/k fudkyus ls iwoZ i'kq ds Fku dks /kksdj eksVs LoPN diM+s ls
lkQ djsaA
v nw/k fudkyus okys crZuksa dks lkQ o thok.kq jfgr j[ksAa
nw/k fudkyus dk ckM+k
LoPN nw/k mRiknu ds fy, nw/k fudkyus dk vyx ls ckMk
cuk;k tk,A nw/k fudkyus dh txg ,slh gks ftlesa ePNj o
efD[k;k¡ vUnj u tk ldsAa
nw/k fudkyus okys crZuksa dh lQkbZ
v nw/k fudkyus ds crZu lkQ lqFkjs gksAa
v lkQ o xeZ ikuh ls
budh lQkbZ djuh
pkfg,A
v crZuksa dks lkQ djus
ds ckn mYVk dj
/kwi esa j[ksAa
Xokys dh LoPNrk
v nw/k fudkyus okyk

O;fDr LoLFk rFkk
laØked jksx jfgr
gksA
v nw/k fudkyus ls iwoZ

gkFk /kksdj lq[kk ys]a xhys gkFkksa ls nw/k ugha nqguk pkfg,A
v uk[kqu lkQ o dVs gq, gksus pkfg,A
v diM+s lkQ gksus pkfg,A
v nw/k nqgus ls iwoZ vFkok nw/k nqgrs le; xk; dks mRrsftr ugha
gksus nksA xk; dks nksgu ds le; lq[k dk vuqHko gksuk pkfg;s
vkSj nksgu ds mijkUr mls foJkafr feyuh pkfg;sA
v nw/k nqguk izkjEHk djus ds yxHkx ,d feuV iwoZ xk; dks ialjq k
ysuk pkfg;sA xk; dks ialjq kus ds fy;s lokZf/kd dkjxj míhiu
xk; ds Fkuksa dks lkQ djus ds fy;s Fkuksa dks fdlh xeZ diM+s
ls ekfy'k djuk gSA xk; tc rd ikaljq u tk;] rc rd mls
nqguk izkjEHk u djuk pkfg;sA
v gkFk ls nw/k nqgrs le; lw[ks gkFkksa dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg;s vkSj
iwoZ gLr fof/k ;kfu pkjksa mWxa fy;ksa vkSj gFksyh ds chp Fku dks
nckdj nw/k nqguk pkfg;sA e'khu }kjk xkS&nksgu ls iwoZ bl
ckr dh Hkh Hkyh izdkj ijh{kk dj ysuh pkfg;s fd og Bhd
dke djrh gS vFkok ugha vkSj mls Hkyh izdkj lkQ dj ysuk
pkfg,A
v nw/k nqguss esa e'khu dk iz;ksx fd;k tk;s] rks tSls gh Fkuksa ls
nw/k fudyuk cUn gks nw/k nqgus dh e'khu dks Fkuksa ls gVkdj
vyx dj nsuk pkfg;sA
;fn xk; dk nw/k lq[kkuk gks rks /khjs&/khjs djds nw/k nqguk
cUn djuk pkfg;sA
;fn C;kr Hkj esa xk; 305 fnu rd nw/k ns pqdh gS vkSj
og 3&4 ekg ds Hkhrj gh C;kus okyh gS rks mls lq[kk Mkyuk
pkfg;s Hkys gh xk; dkQh nw/k D;ksa u ns jgh gksA 305 fnu iwoZ
xk; dks rHkh lq[kkuk pkfg;s tcfd og fudV Hkfo"; esa gh C;kus
okyh gks vFkok bruk de nw/k nsrh gks fd mls nqguk vkfFkZd n‘f"V
ls ykHknk;d u gksA ysfdu ;fn xkfHku u gqbZ gks rks nw/k nsrh gqbZ
xk; dk nw/k ugha lq[kkuk pkfg;sA
dHkh dHkh xk; ds Fkuksa ls mUgsa nqgus ls iwoZ nw/k Vidus

yxrk gSA ;g nks ckrksa ds dkj.k gks ldrk gS &
v xk; ds Fkuksa ds eq[k dh isf'k;k¡ detksj gksAa
v xk; dh Fku dqf.Mdk esa ?kko gksA
v Fkuksa ds ?kko dks iznkgu djds vFkok 'kY; fØ;k }kjk Bhd
fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g 'kY; fØ;k ml le; dh tkuh
pkfg;s tcfd xk; lq[kk yh tk;sA
v ;fn Fku pVd tk;sa rks mu ij oSlyhu yxk nsuh pkfg;sA

¼[k½ nw/k nqgrs le; dqN vuqdj.kh; ckrsa
v nw/k nqg tkus ds le; dk fu;ferrk ls ikyu dfj;sA
v nw/k nqgus ls iwoZ nq/kk: i'kq ds fiNys vaxksa dks Hkyh izdkj
/kksdj lkQ dj ysuk pkfg;sA
v dsoy ,sls Xokyksa ls gh nw/k nqgokb;s tks fd lkQ diM+s ifgus

gks]a ftUgksua s vius gkFk&iSj Hkyh izdkj lkQ dj fy;s gksa vkSj
tks fdlh laØked jksx ls ihfM+r u gksAa
v nw/k nqgus ds crZuksa dks Hkyh izdkj lkQ dj ysuk pkfg;sA ;s

crZu ;FkklEHko vkS/a ks eagq ds gksAa
v xks&nksgu esa ml <ax dk iz;ksx dfj;s ftlesa iwjh eqVB~ h dk

iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
v xks&nksgu dk dke 'kh?kzrk ls] ujeh vkSj iw.kZ :i ls fd;k

tkuk pkfg;sA ,slk djus ij xk; ls yxHkx 20 izfr'kr
vf/kd nw/k miyC/k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
v nqgus dk dke vf/kd ls vf/kd lkr feuV esa lekIr gks tkuk
pkfg,A ge igys crk pqds gSa fd nq/kk: i'kqvksa esa nw/k dk lzko
vkWDlhVksflu uked gkeksuZ ds izHkko ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ;g
gkeksuZ ih;w"k xzfUFk }kjk v;u ds míhiu gksus ij mRiUu gksrk
gS vkSj lkr feuV rd bldk izHkko cuk jgrk gSA
v nw/k nqgrs le; u rks xk; dks Mjkb, u gh mls mÙksftr djsAa
v nw/k nqgrs le; Xokykvksa dks vius gkFk ls nw/k vFkok ikuh
er pqiM+us nhft, vkSj lw[ks gkFkksa ls gh xks&nksgu djkb,A
v xks&nksgu ds le; gFksyh rFkk Lru ds chp vaxBw k er yxkus

nhft,A
v nw/k nqgus ds fy, [kqys eqga dh ckYVh dk iz;ksx er dfj,A
v tgka rd lEHko gks] nw/k nqgus ds fy, Xokykvksa dks ckj&ckj

er cnfy,A
v izR;sd Fku ls nw/k dh igyh

dqN /kkj fdlh vyx crZu
esa fudky yhft, vkSj bl
izdkj fudys nq/k dks er
feyus nhft,A
v nw/k nwgrs le; i'kqvksa

dks ,slk pkjk er [kkus dks
nhft, ftlls rhoz xU/k
vkrh gks vU;Fkk nw/k bl
xU/k dks 'kksf"kr dj ysxkA
v nw/k dks [kqys eqga ds crZu esa dnkfi u j[ksAa
v LoPN nqX/k mRiknu gsrq
nqgus dk LFkku lkQ
lqFkjk gksuk pkfg, ,oa
nqgus ls igys i'kq ds
fiNkM+h o Fku xquxqus
ikuh ls /kks ysa o diM+s
ls iksNa ysAa
v nw/k nqgus dk crZu izR;sd fnu xje ikuh ls t:j /kksuk

pkfg,A
v chekj i'kq dk nw/k vyx j[kuk pkfg,A
v nw/k esa jklk;fud inkFkZ ugha Mkyuk pkfg,A
12- nqX/k laxzg esa lko/kkfu;k¡
v nw/k Lohdkj djus ls iwoZ nw/k dk jax ns[kdj] lw?a kdj] p[kdj
;g lq f uf'pr
dj ysuk pkfg,
fd nw/k cklh o
[kêk rks ugha gSA
v la?k vkSj lfefr

ds chp ;fn nw/k dh ek=k] fpdukbZ rFkk olk jfgr Bksl
inkFkksaZ esa T;knk fHkUurk gks rks mlds fy, lfpo dks la?k esa
f'kdk;r Vªd'khV ij gh iqu% ijh{k.k gsrq fy[k nsuh pkfg,A
;fn ml ij dksbZ izfrfØ;k dk irk u pys rks i;Zo{s kd ls

lEidZ dj vfxze dk;Zokgh djuh pkfg,A
v VsfLVax e'khu dks

vko';drkuq l kj
jaxkbZ rFkk mlesa rsy
vkfn Mkyrs jguk
pkfg,] ftlls
mldh mi;ks x h
vof/k c<+ tk,A
v lfpo dks
izfrfnu nw/k Ø;
jftLVj ij gLrk{kj
djuk pkfg,A
v izR;sd jftLVj dks lQkbZ ls fy[kk tkuk pkfg,A
v lfpo dks nw/k miktZu dk okafNr izf'k{k.k ysuk pkfg, ftlls

mls dk;Z djus esa dksbZ dfBukbZ u gksA
v fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa cklh vFkok rkth C;k;h xk;] HkSla dk nw/k
vFkok vifefJr nw/k foØ; ugha djuk pkfg,A
v nw/k dsfedYl ijh{k.k rFkk midj.kksa dh lQkbZ lEcU/kh

leLr lkexzh vfxze :i ls la?k dks bUMsUV Hkstdj eaxkuk
pkfg,A
v uewuk nw/k dh fcØh /kujkf'k ;Fkk le; ij izkIr djuh

pkfg,A
13- nw/k ,oa nqX/k mRikn foi.ku
mRikfnr nw/k ds foØ; dh jkT; esa fofHkUu laHkkouk,a gSAa

lkekU;r% nqX/k ,oa nqX/k mRikn foi.ku jkT; ds tu lkekU;
miHkksDRkkvksa ds lkFk&lkFk rhFkZ ;kf=;ksa] rhFkZ ;k=k ekxksZa]
i;ZVdks@a lSykfu;ksa rFkk ejhtksa dks fd;k tkrk gSA bl gsrq vlaxfBRk
{ks= esa vusdksa nqX/k O;kikjh@Ms;fj;ka fØ;k'khy gS]a tks xkao Lrj ls
nw/k dk miktZu djds vLoPN okrkoj.k esa nq/k ,oa nqX/k inkFkZ
rS;kj djds mudk foi.ku djrs gSAa bl fLFkfr ds fujkdj.k gsrq
lgdkjh {ks= esa jkT; ds lHkh tuinksa esa xzkeh.k {ks= esa nqX/k
mRiknu lgdkjh lfefr;ksa tuin Lrj ij ftyk nqX/k mRiknu
lgdkjh la?k vkSj izn's k Lrj ij mRrjakpy lgdkjh Ms;jh QsMjs'ku
dk xBu gqvk gS@gks jgk gS] ftuds ek/;e ls iw.kZr% ik'pjkbTM
nw/k ,oa nqX/k inkFkZ foi.ku dh izfØ;k izkjEHk gks xbZ gS] ftldk
izlkj /khjs&/khjs jkT; ds leLr xzkeksa esa fd;k tkuk gSA ekdsfZ Vax
i)fr dks vkSj O;kid djus ds mís'; ls 'kklu ds iz;kl ls
jk"Vªh; Ms;jh fodkl cksMZ ,oa mRrjkapy lgdkjh Ms;jh QwMl~ fy-
laLFkk dk laxBu fd;k gS] ftuds }kjk nqX/k ,oa nqX/k inkFkksaZ ds
foi.ku dk dk;Z gky esa ys fy;k x;k gS] blls jkT; dks egRoiw.kZ
ykHk ;g gksxk fd fy;u lhtu esa tc nw/k dh deh gksrh gS]
jk"Vªh; feYd fxzM ds ek/;e ls izn's k ds miHkksDRkkvksa dks mudh
vko';drk ds vuq:i nw/k ,oa nqX/k inkFkZ feyrk jgsxk vkSj ¶y'k
lhtu esa tc nw/k vf/kd gksrk gS] rks mls enj Ms;jh }kjk us'kuy
feYd fxzM ds vUrxZr gh fy;k tk;sxkA bl izfØ;k ls tgka jkT;
ds miHkksDrkvksa dks o"kZ Hkj rjy nw/k ,oa nqX/k inkFkZ vko';drkuqlkj
miyC/k gksxk ogha xzkeh.k nqX/k mRikndksa dks muds }kjk mRikfnr
nw/k dk leqfpr ewY; mUgsa feysxkA
14- i'kqvksa ds laØked jksx ,oa jksdFkke
gseksjsftd & lsIVhlhfe;k ¼xy?kksVwa ;k ?kqMdk½
dkj.k% ;g jksx xk;] HkSla ,oa muds oa'tksa esa ,d thok.kq }kjk
gksrk gSA ;s thok.kq jksxh i'kq ds ey&ew= ,oa ykj }kjk ckgj
fudy dj okrkoj.k ,oa Hkkstu dks nwf"kr dj nsrs gSAa rjkbZ {ks=
esa ;g jksx vf/kd gksrk gSA
y{k.k% o"kkZ ds fnuksa esa ;g jksx fo'ks"k :i ls QSyrk gSA rst

cq[kkj] tcM+s ds uhps xys o >kyj esa dBksj lwtu ds lkFk nnZ 'kq:
gks tkrk gSA i'kq dks lkal ysus esa dfBukbZ tksrh gSA eqga ls ykj
fxjrh gsA vka[k lq[kZ yky gks tkrh gSA 80 ls 100 izfr'kr i'kqvksa
dh e‘R;q gks tkrh gSA
fpfdRlk ,oa mipkj
v i'kq fpfdRld dh lykg vuqlkj mipkj djk,¡A
v y{k.k ds vk/kkj ij bykt gksuk pkfg,A
v jksx gksrs gh rqjra i'kq fpfdRld dks lwpuk djuh pkfg,A
cpko ds mik;
v lHkh LoLFk i'qkvksa dks jksx izfrjks/kd Vhdk yxok;k tkosA i'kq
fpfdRld dh enn yh tk,A
v jksxh i'kq dks vU; i'kqvksa ls vyx j[kk tk,A
v e‘rd i'kqvksa dh [kky u mrkjh tk,A i'kqvksa dks vkcknh ls

nwj xgjkbZ esa xkM+ fn;k tk,A
v jksxh i'kq ds LFkku o crZuksa dks pwuk ;k fQukby vkfn ls lkQ

dj fn;k tk,A
CySd DokVZj ¼yaxM+k cq[kkj½
dkj.k
v ;g jksx xk;] HkSla ,oa muds oa'ktksa esa ,d dhVk.kq }kjk gksrk
gSA 6 ekg dh vk;q ls ;qok i'kq bl jksx ls vf/kd izHkkfor
gksrs gSAa
y{k.k
v rst cq[kkj] 'kjhj ij [kkl rksj ij fiNys iqVB~ s ij xeZ nnZ

okyh lwtu] dHkh&dHkh xnZu] lhuk vkSj dU/ks ij ikbZ tkrh
gSA lwtu esa pM+pM+ dh vkokt gksrh gSA i'kq yaxMkdj pyus
yxrk gSA i'kq dh e‘R;q 24 ls 48 ?kaVksa esa gks tkrh gSA
fpfdRlk o mipkj

cpko ds mik;
v lHkh LoLFk i'kqvksa dks fpfdRld dh enn ls jksx izfrjks/kd

Vhdk yxk,aA
v jksxh i'kq dks LoLFk i'kqvksa ls vyx j[ksAa
v e‘rd i'kq dh [kky u mrkjsa rFkk vkcknh ls nwj xgjkbZ esa xkM+
fn;k tk,A
v jksxh ds LFkku o crZu dks pwuk ;k fQukbZy ls folaØe.k djsAa
,UFkzsDl ¼fpVdqvk] iVdk] chekjh] tgjh cq[kkj vkfn½
dkj.k
v ;g jksx xk;] HkSla ] HksM&+ cdjh rFkk euq"; esa Hkh thok.kq }kjk
gksrk gSA jksxh i'kq ds lzko] ey&ew=] [kwu vkfn ls ckgj
fudy dj o"kksaZ izfrdwy okrkoj.k esa thfor jgrk gSA dhVk.kq
Liksj ds :i esa fodflr gksrk gSA
y{k.k
v nwf"kr ty] Hkkstu] dhM+kas ds dkVus] ?kko }kjk thok.kq ds Liksj

[kwu ds lEidZ esa vkrs gSa vkSj dhVk.kq c<+rs gSAa jksxh i'kq dh
vka[k lq[kZ yky vkSj 'kjhj ds izR;sd fNæ ls dkys jax dk [kwu
thfor ;k e‘r i'kq ls ckgj fudyrk jgrk gSA i'kq dks rst
cq[kkj gks tkrk gSA
fpfdRlk o mipkj

cpko ds mik;
v LoLFk i'kqvksa dks jksx izfrjks/kd Vhdk yxk;k tk,A
v jksxh i'kq dks LoLFk i'kqvksa ls vyx j[kk tkosA

v iVlu esa fQukbZy fHkxksdj e‘r i'kq ds fNæksa esa Bwla dj cUn
dj nsa rkfd vkcknh ls nwj 'ko dks xgjkbZ esa xkM+ fn;k tk,A
v e‘rd i'kq dh [kky u mrkjsa rFkk vkcknh ls nwj xgjkbZ esa xkM+
fn;k tk,A
v jksxh ds LFkku o crZu dks pwuk ;k fQukbZy ls folaØe.k djsAa
fj.MjisLV ¼iksd
a k] iksd
a uk] ekrk] erjkbZ] Hkku jksx] osrnu
vkfn½
dkj.k
v tqxkyh djus okys lHkh i'kqvksa esa ;g jksx gksrk gSA ok;jl
}kjk QSyus okyk jksx gSA ;g ckgj ds i'kq ds ykj] vk¡[k ds
dhpM+] ey&ew= }kjk izd‘fr esa ty vkSj vkgkj dks xUnk
djrk gSA blds mi;ksx ls i'kq chekj gks tkrk gSA
y{k.k
v eqga ls ykj fudyuk] vksB] elwMs+ vkSj thHk ds uhps NksV&s NksVs
nkus ik, tkrs gSAa vka[k lq[kZ gks tkrh gS vkSj fujUrj dhpM+
fudyrk jgrk gSA i'kq dks rhljs pkSFks fnu rst cq[kkj gks
tkrk gSA blds ckn cncwnkj iryh nLr ftlesa vkar vkSj
[kwu feyk gksrk gS] 'kq: gks tkrh gSA nLr vf/kd gksus ls i'kq
detksj gks tkrk gS vkSj ,d lIrkg ds vUnj ej tkrk gS]
tks 10 fnu rd cp tkrs gSa mUgsa ckthou ;g jksx nqckjk ugha
gksrk gSA
fpfdRlk o mipkj

cpko ds mik;
v LoLFk i'kq dks jksx izfrjks/kd Vhdk yxok;k tkosA
v jksxh i'kq dks LoLFk i'kq ls vyx j[k tk,A
v esjs i'kq dh [kky u mrkjh tk, rFkk vkcknh ls nwj xgjkbZ ls

xkM+ fn;k tk,A
[kqjidk&eqagidk ¼QqV ,.M ekmFk½ jksx
dkj.k
v [kkldj tqxkyh djus okys i'kqvksa esa ok;jl ds dkj.k ;g jksx

gksrk gSA ok;jl vks-,-lh- rFkk ,f'k;k ou] jksxh i'kq ds ykj]
thHk] ikao ds ?kko ls ckgj vkdj ty vkSj vkgkj dks nwf"kr
dj nsrs gSAa ftlds [kkus ls LoLFk i'kq jksxxzLr gks tkrs gS]a jksxh
i'kq dk nw/k ihus ls euq"; dk xyk Hkh [kjkc gks tkrk gSA
y{k.k
v vkjEHk esa tkM+k yxdj rst cq[kkj ¼104 ls 105 fM-Qk-½

gksB] elwMs+ vkSj thHk ds Åij ?kko gks tkrs gS]a eqga ls rkj ds
leku cjkcj ykj fudyrh jgrh gSA [kqjksa esa ?kko gksus ls i'kq
yaxMkus yxrs gSAa nq/kk: i'kqvksa dk nw/k de gks tkrk gSA cM+s
i'kq de ejrs gSa fdUrq rhu ekg ls de vk;q okys cPps
vf/kdka'k ej tkrs gSAa blds ok;jl o"kkZ vkSj [kkldj pSr ds
ekl esa eMkbZ djus okys i'kqvksa ds eqyk;e [kqj esa vkØe.k
djrs gSAa
fpfdRlk o mipkj
v cq[kkj esa 1 NVkad uSxlYQ] 3 ek'kk dyeh 'khjk ikuh ds lkFk

fnu Hkj fn;k tk,A
v eq¡g ds ?kko fQVdjh ds ikuh ls /kqykbZ djds Hkquk lqgkxk

¼cksjDs l½ 5 xquk 'khjs esa feykdj fnu esa 3&4 ckj yxk fn;k
tk,A
v [kqj ds ?kkoksa dks uhe dh iÙkh ;k ued ds ikuh ls /kksdj 10

xquk ljlksa ds rsy esa fQukbZy feykdj :bZ ;k diM+s dh
lgk;rk ls ?kko ij iêh cka/k nh tk,A
v ?kkoksa ij yksjDs lhu Øhe dk iz;ksx fd;k tk,A
v eqga ds Nkyksa ds fy, ,d Hkkx cksfjd ,flM vkSj 8 Hkkx

fXyljhu feykdj ysi fd;k tk,A
cpko ds mik;
v i'kq fpfdRld dh enn ls LoLFk i'kqvksa dks QqV ,.M ekmFk

ikyhosyUs V oSDlhu dk Vhdk yxok;k tk,A
eSLVkbfVl ¼FkuSyk jksx½
dkj.k
v ;g nq/kk: i'kqvksa dh ,d chekjh gS ftldk izHkko i'kq dh

nqX/k mRiknu {kerk ij iM+rk gSA bl jksx ds eq[; dkj.k
cSDVhfj;k] ok;jl] Qaxl o vU; dhVk.kq gSA tks ckM+s esa
xUnxh jgus ds dkj.k iuirs gSa ,oa i'kq ds cSBus ij mlds
Fkuksa ds fNæ esa ls vUnj izo's k dj tkrs gSAa
y{k.k
bl jksx dk eq[; y{k.k Fku@vkapy esa lwtu] nw/k ds lkFk

[kwu vkuk] Fkuksa ls QVk gqvk nw/k] phFkM+s fudyuk] eokn
fudyuk] vUnj Fku dk yky gks tkukA
fpfdRlk o mipkj
cpko ds mik;
v ckM+s dh lkQ&lQkbZ izfrfnu djuh pkfg,A
v ckM+s dk Q'kZ uje dks mcM+ [kkcM+ u gksA
v Fku] vkapy dks nw/k fudkyus ds ckn ,UVhlsfIVd ?kksy esa

MqckukA blds fy, vktdy fo'ks"k esLVkbfVl fdV vkus yxs
gSa ftlls bl chekjh ds gksus ls cpk tk ldrk gSA
v nw/k fudkyus dk lgh rjhdk iz;ksx djdsA
v Fku dks dV yxus ls cpkukA

15- i'k q jksx fu;a=.k%

¼d½ laØked jksxksa ds fu;a=.k gsrq Vhdkdkj.k %
¼[k½ vUr% ijthfo;ksa ls cpko gsrq nokiku %

v uotkr oRlksa dks tUe ds 15 fnu ckn isV ds dhM+kas ls cpko
gsrq i'kq fpfdRld dh lykg ij nok fiyk;sa ,oa rnqijkUr
,d o"kZ dh vk;q rd rhu ekg isV ds vUrjky ij dhM+kas ls
cpko gsrq nok fiyk;sAa
v o;Ld i'kqvksa dks lky esa rhu&rhu eghus ds vUrj ij pkj
ckj isV ds dhM+kas ls cpko gsrq nok vo'; fiyk;sAa
¼x½ cká ijthfo;ksa ls cpko
cká ijthoh tSls tw]a phpM+] tksd

a ] eD[kh vkfn ls cpko ds fy,
i'kq 'kjhj o i'kq'kkyk esa esykfFk;ku ikmMj dk fNM+dko fd;k tk
ldrk gSA cká ijthfo;ksa ls cpko gsrq i'kqvksa dh [kky ij i'kq
fpfdRld dh lykg ds vuqlkj dhVuk'kd nok yxk;sAa
16- i'kqikyu ds fy, cSad _.k
jk"Vªh; d‘f"k ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl cSd

a ¼ukckMZ½ ns'k esa d‘f"k
ls lEcfU/kr {ks=ksa es fofHkUu dk;ksaZ ds fy, xzkeh.k cSd
a ] lgdkjh
cSd
a ] jk"Vªh;d‘r cSd
a vkfn ds ek/;e ls fdlkuks@a i'kqikydksa dks
_.k dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA Ms;jh i'kq ¼xk;@HkSla ½ ikyu 'kq:
djus ds fy, cSd
a ls _.k ysus ds fy, t:jh gS fd cSd
a }kjk
fu/kkZfjr izk:i dks Hkjdj utnhd ds fdlh Hkh jk"Vªh;d‘r cSd
a ]
xzkeh.k cSd
a vFkok lgdkjh cSd a esa tek djsAa izk:i cSda ds
rduhdh vf/kdkjh vFkok cSda izcU/kd dh lgk;rk ls Hkjk tk
ldrk gSA Ms;jh i'kqikyu dks cMs+ Lrj ij 'kq: djus rFkk blds
fy, cSda ls _.k ysus ds fy, foLr‘r fooj.k okyh ifj;kstuk
cukuh iM+rh gSA ifj;kstuk esa _.k ysus gsrq i'kqvksa dks 'kq: ds
2&3 eghus rd f[kykus dk [kpZ] V;wcoSy] xksnke] okgu vkfn dks
lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA tehu [kjhn dks bl cSd a _.k esa
lfEefyr ugha fd;k tkrk gS] fQj Hkh ;fn Ms;jh QkeZ LFkkfir
djus ds fy, tehu [kjhnuh gS rks blds fy, vyx ls _.k fy;k
tk ldrk gSA
17- i'kqvkssa dk chek
v lHkh i'kqvksa dk chek djkuk pkfg;sA
v cSd
a dh fdLr fu;fer :i ls tek djuh pkfg;sA
v ;fn dku dk VsxS fxj tk; rks chek dEiuh] cSd

a dks lwpuk
nsdj nwljk VSx i'kq fpfdRld ls vo'; yxokuk pkfg;sA
v jksxh i'kq dk rqjUr mipkj djokuk pkfg;sA
v i'kq ds ejus ij rqjUr i'kq fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh] chek dEiuh]

xzkEk fodkl vf/kdkjh] cSda dks lwpuk nsuh pkfg;s ,oa mldk
iapukek ,oa QksVks f[kapokuh pkfg;sA
qqq
Prepared and processed at: Saras Computers, Bikaner Call: 9413279466
email: jugalsaraswat@rediffmail.com, bharat.293@rediffmail.com
QksVks xSyjh
QksVks xSyjh esa vkidk Lokxr
gSA xk; dh ns'kh &fons'kh uLy
,oa HkSal dh uLy tkuus ds fy,
vxys i`"B ij fn, x, uLy
ds uke ij ekÅl ls fDyd
djsaA iwoZ i`"B ij okil vkus
ds fy, fo"k; lwph ij tk,¡ vkSj
bfPNr lwpuk ij fDyd djsaA
xk; dh ns'kh uLysa
fuEu xk; dh ns'kh uLysa gSaA uLy dk
Lo:i tkuus ds fy, uLy ds uke
ij ekÅl ls fDyd djsaA
Gir
Rathi
Tharparkar
fxj
jkBh
Fkkjikjdj
xk; dh fons'kh uLysa
fuEu xk; dh fons'kh uLysa gSaA uLy
dk Lo:i tkuus ds fy, uLy ds
uke ij ekÅl ls fDyd djsaA
Jersey
Holestien
tlhZ
gkWYLVhu
HkSal dh uLysa
fuEu HkSal dh uLysa gSaA uLy dk
Lo:i tkuus ds fy, uLy ds uke
ij ekÅl ls fDyd djsaA
Murah
Neeli Ravi
eqjkZ
uhyh jkoh
ysf[kdk}; ifjp;
eq[; ysf[kdk ds ckjs esa tkuus ds fy,
fuEu gYds ihr o.kZ ds ckWDl esa fn, uke
ij ekÅl dh lgk;rk fDyd djsa%&
:isUæ dkSj
ysf[kdk dh eq[; lykgdkj ds ckjs esa tkuus
ds fy, fuEu xgjs ihr o.kZ ds ckWDl esa fn,
uke ij ekÅl dh lgk;rk fDyd djsa%&
jktsUæk jkBkSM+
:isUæ dkSj
¼eq[; ysf[kdk½
'kks/kkFkhZ ¼fo|k okpLifr½
email: ext_rupender@rediffmail.com
rupinderk0@gmail.com
Lokeh ds'kokuUn jktLFkku d`f"k fo'ofo|ky;] chdkusj

dh v/khuLFk bdkbZ x`g foKku egkfo|ky; ds x`g foKku izlkj ,oa
lapkj izcU/k foHkkx dh fo|k okpLifr 'kks/k Nk=k :isUæ dkSj us
xzkeh.k efgykvksa ds Kku o 'kSf{kd Lrj dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,
izLrqr ßMs;jh ,oa i'kq/ku fodklÞ 'kh"kZd vk/kkfjr bZ&iqfLrdk dk
fuekZ.k fd;k gS rkfd vke O;fDr tks baVjusV dk Kku j[krk gS
dgha Hkh fdlh Hkh le; bl iqfLrdk dks ns[k ldrk gS ,oa Ms;jh
,oa i'kqikyu ls lEcfU/kr vko';d lkexzh dk izdk'ku izkIr dj
ldrk gSA
ysf[kdk viuh bl iqfLrdk ds izdk'ku gsrq viuh eq[;
lykgdkj] foHkkxk/;{k ,oa egkfo|ky; vf/k"Bkrk] leLr ifjokjtuks]a
fe=ksa ,oa lgikfB;ksa ds izfr ân; ls d`rKrk Kkfir djrh gSA
ysf[kdk Jh Hkjr lkjLor ,oa Jh xtsUæ lkjLor dh Hkh
gkfnZd vkHkkjh gS ftuds dfBu ifjJe ,oa dEI;wVj vuqi;z ksx dh
fo'ks"kKrk ds dkj.k lkexzh dks fo"k;okj gkbijfyad ds lkFk
lqfo/kktud :i esa baVjusV ij miyC/k djok;k tk ldkA
jktsUæk jkBkSM+
¼eq[; lykgdkj½
email: rajandra12@yahoo.co.in
MkW- ¼Jherh½ jktsUæk jkBkSM]+ Lokeh ds'kokuUn

jktLFkku d`f"k fo'ofo|ky;] chdkusj dh v/khuLFk bdkbZ x`g foKku
egkfo|ky; ds x`g foKku izlkj ,oa lapkj izcU/k foHkkx esa lgk;d
vkpk;Z ds in ij dk;Zjr gSA budk tUe ukxkSj ftys dh ijcrlj
rglhy ds xzke :.khtk esa dkfrZd ekg dh d`".k prqFkhZ ¼djok pkSFk½
dks lu~ 1963 esa gqvkA
budh izkjfEHkd f’k{kk ijcrlj ¼ukxkSj½ ds jktdh; dU;k
fo|ky; esa gqbZ rnUrj f'k{kk ds lksiku r; djrs gq, rRle; jktLFkku
d`f"k fo’ofo|ky; ds lkStU; ls xksfoUn oYyHk iUr d`f"k fo’ofo|ky;]
iUruxj ¼mÙkjizn’s k] orZeku esa mÙkjkapy½ ls lu~ 1987 esa fo|k
okpLifr dh mikf/k xzg.k dhA rhu lky rd ogha v/;;ujr jgdj
lapkj fodkl esa mikf/k izkIr dhA bl izdkj lapkj fodkl fo"k; esa bUgsa
yxHkx 23 o"kksaZ dk yEck vuqHko izkIr gSA ,rnFkZ viuh dYiuk 'kfDr
dk iz;ksx djrs gq, bUgksua s bl bZ&iqfLrdk ds fuekZ.k esa lykgdkj dh
eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA baVjusV rd igqpa kus esa layXu lHkh izc)
q tuksa o
dEI;wVj fo'ks"kKksa ds fo'ks"k iz;kl gsrq ân; ls vkHkkj izdV djrh gSA

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View of Main & Inner Cover ..... 2: 1. Breeds of Milking Animals .......... 3

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Contents

View of Main & Inner Cover ..... 2

(e) Red Sindhi .........................................................7

Foreign Breeds of Cow ....................... 9

(b) Holestien Physian ...........................................10

1.2 Breeds of Baffalo ............................. 11

(b) Neeli Ravi ........................................................13

5. Animal housing .......................... 19

7. Animal reproduction ................. 26

(d) Main causes of Infertility .....................................31

(b) Care after calving ...........................................34

9. Care of dam and calf ................. 36

Photo Gallary ............................ 1

;gk¡ fDyd djsa

bZ&iqfLrdk ds vkUrfjd i`"B dks ns[kus ds

;gk¡ fDyd djsa

ysf[kdkvksa ds ifjp; gsrq bZ&iqfLrdk ds

x` g foKku iz l kj ,oa la p kj iz c U/k foHkkx

Ms;jh@i'kqikyu u flQZ nqX/k mRiknu ds fy, gh egRoiw.kZ

efgyk,¡ cM+h la[;k esa bl O;olk; ls tqMh+ gSa rFkk ;g

mRiknu ds {ks= esa Hkh tkx:drk ykuk gS ysfdu nqX/k mRiknu@Ms;jh

1- nq/kk: i'kqvksa dh uLy

xk; dh ns'kh uLysa

v dku yEcs vkSj yVdrs gq, gksrs gSAa

;g uLy mÙkj&if'peh jktLFkku rFkk ikfdRlrku vkSj

v lhax NksV&s NksVs

v ;g ,d fnu esa yxHkx 4&5 fdyks nw/k nsrh gSA

v vkdkj NksVk rFkk jax gYdk Hkwjk gksrk gSA

v 'kjhj xBhyk rFkk tksM+ etcwr gksrs gSAa

v psgjk lkekU; :i esa yEck] flj dk Åijh Hkkx vis{kkd‘r

v ekFkk pkSMk+ o mHkjk gqvkA

v e/;e vkdkj ds lhaxA

v dku cM+&s cM+s o yVdrs gq,A

v V[kuksa rd yVdus okyh iwNa ] iwNa dk xqPNk dkyk gksrk gSA

v ;g izfr C;kr esa 2000 yhVj nw/k nsrh gSA

v nw/k esa fpdukbZ 4&5 izfr'kr gksrh gSA

v Åij ls uhps rd QSyk gqvk Hkkjh Hkjde vkSj lefer 'kjhjA

v iryh yEch xnZuA

v cf<+;k xydEcy tks fd uj i'kqvksa esa vis{kkd‘r cM+k gksrk

v pkSMh+ vkSj xgjh Nkrh

v 'kjhj ds vkdkj ds vkuqikfrd lqUnj iSjA

v xk;ksa dk v;u cM+k vkSj lqO;ofLFkrA Fku lqUnj vkSj ,d

v vPNh xq.kr dh <hyh vkSj eqyk;e RopkA

v uj i'kqvksa esa LFkwy ddwnA

¼M+½ jsM flU/kh

v lk/kkj.k vkdkj dk vkuqikfrd ljA

v pkSMk+ yykV( ftl ij NksV&s NksVs cky mxs gksrs gSAa

v e/;e vkdkj dk psgjk( ftlesa iw.kZ fodflr dkyk FkwFku]

v cM+h&cM+h vka[ksa ftuesa vis{kkd‘r NksVh HkkSga gksrh gSA

v e/;e vkdkj ds yVdrs gq, dkuA

v dqN vf/kd eksVs lhax ftldk fljk [kq¡Mk gksrk gSA

v NksVh xnZu tks fd dkQh eksVh gksrh gSA

v cM+k xydEcy tks iryk vkSj eqyk;e gksrk gSA

v lh/ks e/;e vkdkj ds vkSj cfy"B iSjA

v dkys /kCcs ;qDr iryh iwNa A

v vPNs vkdkj dk yck] pkSMk+ vkSj xgjk fuyEch v;u tks

v Ropk cgqr <hyh vkSj Nwus esa eqyk;e gksrh gSA

v ckyksa ds uhps 'kjhj dk jax yxHkx dkyk gksrk gSA

xk; dh fons'kh uLysa

v bl tkfr dk jax gYdk yky ftl ij lQsn jax ds /kCcs gksrs

v ;g nw/k nsus okyh xk; dh ,d mÙke uLy gS ftldk 'kjhj

v eknk dk 'kjhj 425 ls 450 fdyksxkz e gksrk gSA

¼[k½ gkYLVhu Qzhft;u %