ETIOLOGY/RISK FACTORS
Non-modifaible
RACIAL
 MORE COMMON IN WHITE RACES.
 YOUNG MALES ARE AFFECTED MORE
OFTEN
FAMILIAL SUSEPTIBILITY:-

IT IS RELATED TO HAVING A LONG
RETROCAECAL APPENDIX IN WHICH.
BLOOD SUPPLY IS DIMINISHED TO THE
DISTAL PORTION WHICH
PRECIPITATES APPENDICITIS.
Modifiable
• feces, parasites, or growths that
clog the
appendiceal lumen
• enlarged lymph tissue in the wall of
the appendix, caused by infection
in the gastrointestinal tract or
elsewhere in the body
• inflammatory bowel disease,
including
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
• trauma to the abdomen
DIETARY FACTORS:-
 People whose diet is low in fiber
and rich in refined carbohydrates
CONCEPT MAP ETIOLOGY/RISK FACTORS

Obstruction of the appendix

by (fecalith (hardened
stool), lymph node, tumor,
foreign objects)

Increase in pressure inside

the appendix lumen that
result to distention of
appendix

Impaired venous return

causing hyperemia
(improper O2, and nutrient
supply)
Normal bacteria found in
appendix begin to invade
(infect) the lining of the
wall
 
 Inflammatory Response –
NOTE:- PAIN FIRST,
FOLLOWED BY VOMITING body response to the
AND THEN BYFEVER IS bacterial invasion in the wall abdominal pain, fever,
CALLED AS MURPHY ‘S of appendix.
TRIAD OF SYMPTOMS and increase swelling
Increased Immune complex of appendix. Vomiting
OFACUTE APPENDICITIS.
(disease plus antibody) and loss of appetite
causes swelling of tissue  
resulting to inflammation of
appendix

inflammation and infection Appendectomy, pain

spread medications
through the wall of the
appendix
causing death of tissue.

Appendectomy with
explore laparotomy The appendix ruptures due
Pain and Antibiotic to increase pressure
medications (Perforation)
 
Humana!
 Release of Chemical Mediators
1. Histamine, prostagalndin, leukotrien’s,
bradykinin (swelling of appendix)
2. Prostaglandin,bradykinin (pain in the RLQ of
the abdomen
Acute pain

3. Interlukin-1 (increased WBC)

 Activation of the vomiting
center in the medulla

Stimulation of the vagus Suppression of

nerves sympathetic GI function

Nausea & vomiting Anorexia

Risk for dificient fluid Risk for imbalance

volume nutrition
 Neutrophils to area

Pus Formation(phagocytized
bacteria and dead cells)

RISK FOR INFECTION