ah`lfl/ n/dfk/dfH

( Universal Islamic Calendar as per Holy Qur’aan)

M.Mustafa Kamal

av[ft/[f #r`y@[ oq`v`qkfk/kVmf >mLmf anftcf cnft`r@[ ( #r`y[`[f

oq`kfkt`rfk@qkf <k/]fD) ilgfk`kf <k/]fHRpfpt/kVmf Akfk`[/[f ; >mLmf A]fDkq`[f
e]f]`kf@k@yYmf , (ovfoR m/ttft`[f tv@[Ymf , aT 29 n/dfkq`{@dyt/ alflT 30
n/dfkq`{@dyt/ e[fb) k]kfk`@[Ymf ab`nfT <k/qfQmf <p/RdfD (cnft`r[/k`y) atbfK pl
m[fs`lfk@qYmf n`rf]y`tft/[f; ctft`ytfTd>[>y (u[f[tm/[ uyrfnft oR >n/kfKd[f t[f{@dy
t`dfdtft`[fpH>y) alfl/T alfl/hf ivbf@b p@dkfkv`lf@l; (tKnft At/rgfkq`[f aHpfp@dy`lf
tgfkQ@dy <cylfk@q m/bfb`kf <k/qfqn/Dmf ) klfv`yb`V <pbfb cMt/ytft`bfK (i@bv[`[f) inft
atft/dfc`kq`lf , inftcf c/[fBkq`lf t-rfkm/[ (MH@vtf tRmf) v`qkfkgfkqf uqfq[.

irV pklf m/b` m/b` vRvt`Lmf; v/[gfkqf mbfBmf P=m`y`lf alfl/hf p@dtft`Rpfpvbfb`Lmf
(at[f p@dpf@p c`nft`tfT tgfk@q t`Rtft`kf <k/qfq n/Dmf) pypkft`Yqfq cMt/tft`bfkfK pl
atft/dfc`kqf uqfq[.

. . . i[f{mf evrfkqf nmfM@dy atft/dfc`kqf Kb`tfT aldfc`ym/k iRkfk`[fb/rfk>q/ ,

avrfkqf (tgfkq`[f Pbkfk]`pfp/lf) <pRkfk`kf<k/]fHRnft (t-@m)y`[f MHV , avrfkq`[f
oTgfKm`dmf . . . nrk <nRpfp/Kmf.

n`cfcym/k evrfkqf i@bnmfp`kf@k <k/]fD ( i@bv[`[f atft/dfc`k@q EbfBkf<k/]fD )

nbf<cylfkqf Pr`nfT <k/]fHRnft/rfk>q/ avrfk@q , avrfkq`[f nmfp`kf@ky`[f k/r]tft/lf
avrfkQ@dy i@bv[f >nrfvz`y`lf <cLtfTv/[f. aRdf<k/@dkqf n`@bnft Cv[gfkq`lf ,
avrfkQkfKkf k->z ABkqf OHkf<k/]fHRkfKmf; i@bv/! n->y T/yf@my/[v[f e[fp>t agfK
avrfkq`[f Tt`y/k iRkfKmf. >mLmf , c/nft` n`lvdfDmf! e[fp>t avrfkq`[f v/zftft/k iRkfKmf.
>mLmf , ak`lgfkqf a@[tft`bfKmf at`pt`y/[ alfl/hfVkf>k elfl/pf PkZmf! e[fB Pkzfnftvrf
kq/k , MHv/k (avrfkqf a@dnfTv`dfd <pRmfp/kfk`ytft`@[) <vq`pfpDtft`kf<k/]fD
(<pRm`ttft`lf) iRpfp/rfkqff.

(10:5,6,7,8,9,10)

1
 ah`lfl/ n/dfk/dfH
( Universal Islamic Calendar as per Holy Qur’aan )

alfl/hfv`[f t`Rpf<pyr/lf . . . . . av[f aqvbfb aRq/q[ff n`hr`lfl/kf kR@[y/q[f.

Pkzf a@[tfTmf alfl/hfVkf>k! av>[ t[f{@dy aHy/rf m-T inft >vttf@t

ibkfk`yRq`[/[f. it`lf evfv`tkf >k/]@lYmf (Mr]fp/df@dYmf) @vtft`dv`lf@l. iT
uBt`y/[ . . . . . >vtm/Kmf. (18:1,2)

umkfK ivf>vtf@t n/mf ibkfk`yRq`Yqf>q/mf. aT, y/vbf@bYmf m`ktf <tq`v/k v`vr`kfkkf

$Hyt/yf iRkfk`bT.
(16:89)

n`cfcym/k alfl/hfv`dtft`lf, alfl/hfV@dy (pt`Vpf) Ptftktft`lf v/[gfk@qYmf P=m`@yYmf

p@dtft n/q`l`Rnf>t m/tgfkq`[f e]f]`kf@k p[f[`r]fD AKmf ...
(9:36)

<pRmf p/kfk`yM@dyv[f ; av>[ v`]f]`lf uBt`y/[ m[fdlgfkqf a@mtfT , (at[f

nD>v) oq` v`qkf@kYmf , (anft oq` v`qkfk`[f oq`kf kt`rfkq/lf) ilgfk`kf <k/]fHRkfKmf
cnft`r@[Ymf u]fd/kfk`[/[f. . . . pHpfp`@[ <pb n/Dmf alflT n[fb`Y@dy/r/k iRkfk
v`RmfPmf ovf<v/RvRkfk/kVmf.

(25:61,62)

av[ft/[f #r`y@[ oq`v`qkfk/kVmf >mLmf anftcf cnft`r@[ ( #r`y[`[f

oq`kfkt`rfk@qkf <k/]fD) ilgfk`kf <k/]fHRpfpt/kVmf Akfk`[/[f ; >mLmf A]fDkq`[f
e]f]`kf@k@yYmf , (ovfoR m/ttft`[f tv@[Ymf , aT 29 n/dfkq`{@dyt/ alflT 30
n/dfkq`{@dyt/ e[fb) k]kfk`@[Ymf ab`nfT <k/qfQmf <p/RdfD (cnft`r[/k`y) atbfK pl
m[fs`lfk@qYmf n`rf]y`tft/[f; ctft`ytfTd>[>y (u[f[tm/[ uyrfnft oR >n/kfKd[f t[f{@dy
t`dfdtft`[fpH>y) alfl/T alfl/hf ivbf@b p@dkfkv`lf@l; (tKnft At/rgfkq`[f aHpfp@dy`lf
tgfkQ@dy <cylfk@q m/bfb`kf <k/qfqn/Dmf ) klfv`yb`V <pbfb cMt/ytft`bfK (i@bv[`[f) inft
atft/dfc`kq`lf , inftcf c/[fBkq`lf t-rfkm/[ (MH@vtf tRmf) v`qkfkgfkqf uqfq[.

irV pklf m/b` m/b` vRvt`Lmf; v/[gfkqf mbfBmf P=m`y`lf alfl/hf p@dtft`Rpfpvbfb`Lmf
(at[f p@dpf@p c`nft`tfT tgfk@qtf t`Rtft`kf <k/qfqn/Dmf) pypkft`Yqfq cMt/tft`bfkfK pl
atft/dfc`kqf uqfq[.

. . . i[f{mf evrfkqf nmfM@dy atft/dfc`kqf Kb`tfT aldfc`ym/k iRkfk`[fb/rfk>q/ ,

avrfkqf (tgfkq`[f Pbkfk]`pfp/lf) <pRkfk`kf<k/]fHRnft (t-@m)y`[f MHV , avrfkq`[f
oTgfKm`dmf . . . nrk <nRpfp/Kmf.
(10:5,6,7,8)

alfl/hfv`[f t`RtfT\trf MkmfmT np`(slf) avrfkq`[fm-Tmf avrfkq`[f vz`k/dfDt@l

EbfB <k/]fd a@[vr`[f m-Tmf i@bv[`[f c/nft`Ymf cm/t/[Mmf e[f<b[fBmf n`lvdfDm/k.

2
 k]f]`ym`kfk inft >vttft`bfK v/r`Ckq/k`y n/mf, a@t aRq`y i@bv{kfK Mbfb`Lmf
vz`pdfD av{@dy t`RtfT\tr`[f vz`k/dfDt@l Mbfb`Lmf EbfB Msfl`m/k v/zfv@t>y nmf
v/zfv`[f ildfc`ym/kkf <k/]fDqf>q/mf. i@bv[`[f atft/dfc`kq`lf aldfc`ym/k ir/mlf at@[
ab`nfT]rfnfT at@[ >m>l/gfkcf <cyfv>t anft i@bv[`[f uvpfp`bfKr`yT e[fp@t inft
>vtvc[gfkqf nmkfK <tq`v/k eDtfT@rkfk`[fb[. e[>v i@bv[`[f m`kpf<pRmf atft/dfc`kq`qf
o[fb/[ cnft`r[,f aT t[f m[fs`lfk@qkf <k/]fD ivfVlk`bfK evfv/B k/ltf@t k/dfDk`[fbT
e[fp@t <tq`v/k ab`nfT atbfK <cylfvHvmf <k/DpfptbfKr`y ab`y Mybfcfc`>y inft AyfV.

k/lkfk]kfk`@[ ab`vtbfk/kcf #r`y@[Ymf, cnft`r@[Ymf u]fd/kfk`[/[f. i@vy/Vmf

vlfl@my`lf m`@ktf>t/{mf, elfl/mf ab`nf>t/{m/k`y (i@bv[`[f) Ebfp/d/Kmf.

(6:96)

#r`y{mf cnft`r{mf (avbfb`bfK n`rf]y`kfkpf <pbfb) k]kfk`[fpH>y iRkfk`[fb[.

(55:5)

(tvb/mlf) t[f vz`kq`lf oZgfk/kcf <clfLm/B #r`y@[Ymf, cnft`r@[Ymf av>[

ugfkQkfK vcpfpDtft`tf tnft/[f. >mLmf, av>[ ir@vYmf pk@lYmf ugfkQkfK vcpfpDtft`tf
tnft/[f.
(14:33)

av[ft/[f #r`y@[ oq`v`qkfk/kVmf >mLmf anftcf cnft`r@[ (#r`y[`[f oq`kfkt`rfkq/lf)

ilgfk`kf <k/]fHRpfpt/kVmf Akfk`[/[f ; >mLmf A]fDkq`[f e]f]`kf@k@yYmf , (ovfoR
m/ttft`[f tv@[Ymf , aT 29 n/dfkq`{@dyt/ alflT 30 n/dfkq`{@dyt/ e[fb)
k]kfk`@[Ymf ab`nfT <k/qfQmf <p/RdfD (cnft`r[/k`y) atbfkfK pl m[fs`lfk@qYmf
n`rf]y`tft/[f;
(10:5,)

inft vc[gfk@qcf cbfB c`nfttfT p/Rgfkqf,

k/lkfk]kfk`@[ ab`vtbfk/kcf #r`y@[Ymf, cnft`r@[Ymf u]fd/kfk`[/[f. . . . . . .

. . . . . (i@bv[`[f) Ebfp/d/Kmf. (6:96)

#r`y[f nmfm-T ut`kfk/mlf iRnft`Rnft/lf nmfM@dy n`l@m evfv/B iRnft`RkfKmf ,

Azfnft iRdfHlf P=m`kfkHy`lf v/zfk`[fb PZpfP=cfc`k@qpf >p/lf irV pklf <tr`y/mlf k/r`Rq`lf
alflv/ v/zfnfT <k/]fHRpf>p/mf. i@bv[f nmfm-T aRqf Pr`nfTv`dfd/[f. i@bv[f inft
P=m`y`lf #r`y@[ ut`kfkcf <cyfT, inft P=m`kfK uy`rf <k/DtfTv`dfd/[f.

#r`y[f ut`pfpT , ucfc`y`l`RpfpT , m@bvT >p[fb <tq`v/[ Atrgfkq`[f aHpfp@dy`lf

oR n/@qkf k]kfk`Dk`[f>b/mf. nmfM@dy a[fb/d v/zf@ky`lf idmf <pRmf Mkfk`y n`kzfVkq/[
<t/Z@k , >n[fP >p/[fb v]kfk vz`p/Dk@qYmf a@mtfTkf <k/]fDqf>q/mf. A[/lf oRm/t
k/ltft`[f aqV>k/lf cnft`r[f p`@by/k >t/[fb` p`[f[rf vqrfnfT , >tyfnfT , mBp`@by/k m/Bmf
tv@[y`[fpH>y t-rfm/]`kfkpfpd >v]fDmf e[fp@t>y vc[mf(6:96)lf #r`y[f , cnft`r[f
p@dkfkpfpdfdt`[f >n/kfkmf mkfkqf at[f M~lmf k/ltf@t ab`nfT <k/qfvtbfKr`y Ebfp/D e[fpt/k
i@bv[f $Bk`[fb/[f.

cnft`r@[pf pbfb`y ab`v`ylf u]f@mk@q ab`nfT <k/qfvt[f M~lmf i@bv[`[f inft

Ebfp/df@d <tq`v/k v`qgfk`kf <k/qfql/mf. cnft`r[`lf k/bf>b/ , t]f]`>r/ ilf@l e[>v at`lf
evfv@ky/[ uy`r`[Mmf v/zfvtbfK c/tft`ym`lf@l. >mLmf cnft`r@[cf #zfnfT evfv`t k/bfB
m]fdlgfkQmf ilfltt/lf at[f >mlf v`Zmf #r`y[`[f oq`kfkt`rfk@q aT apfpH>y

3
 p`rt`pl`kfk`[fbT. #r`y{kfK aDtftpHy/k at`k <vq`cfctf@t P=m`kfK vzgfkkf$Hy oR
>k/q/kVmf oR Kb`pfp`dfd k/ltftv@[y`lf P=m`@y mdfDmf Cbfb`vrkf$Hyt/kVmf i@bv[f at@[
p@dtft`Rpfp@t>y vc[mf(6:96)lf , aT m[`trfkQkfK k/lgfk/dfHd i@bv[`[f Ebfp/D e[fpt/k
CdfHkf k/dfDk`[fb/[f.

>mLmf n/mf >m>l eDtfTkf k/dfHYqfq i@bm@by`[f vc[gfkqf #r`y{mf , cnft`r{mf

tkfk k]kfk`[fpH>y iRkfk`[fb[ e[fBmf, >mLmf i@bv[f nmkfK avbf@b vcpfpDtft`tf
tnfTqfq/[f e[fBmf $BvT i@bv[f anft >k/qfkq`[f a@mpf@pYmf at[f k]kfKk@qYmf
a@v Cz[fB <k/]fHRkfk`[fb p/@tk@qYmf m[`t{kfK k/dfHtf tnfTqfq/[f e[fpT>vy/Kmf.

#r`y , cnft`r k`rk]gfk@q m[`t[f Tqfq`ym/k k]`tfT at[f >nrtf@tYmf at[f

p/@t@yYmf M[f[b`v`pfP <cyfvTmf ; <cybf@k >k/qfk@qYmf , v`]f klgfk@qYmf anft iybf@k
>k/qfkq`[`@d>y av[f EVvTmf ; m[`t{kfK avbf@b vcpfpDtft`tf tnfTqfq/[f e[fptbfK
m`kpf<pRmf c/[fBkq/Kmf. >mLmf anft >k/qfkqf a@[tfTmf tmkfK n`rf]y`kfkpfpdfd k]kfk`[f
pH>y iygfKk`[fb[ e[fb >vtv/kfKk@qYmf aT <myfp`tfTkf <k/]fHRkfk`[fb[.

>mLmf cnft`r[`[f m[fs`lfk@qYmf at[f k]kfKk@qYmf ab`nfT <k/qfvt[f M~lmf

ovf<v/R m/tgfkq`[ff k/ltf tv@[k@qYmf A]fDkq`[f e]f]`kf@k@yYmf ab`nfT <k/qfql/mf
e[fb tkvlfk@qYmf vc[mf (10:5) nmkfK kbfBtftRk`[fbT.

cbfB c`nft`tfTpf p/Rgfkqf, inft i@bvc[gfkqf 1400 vRdgfkQkfK M[f[rf ibgfKk`[fb[.

v`r`V@by/qrfkq`[f kRtfTpfpH 10mf atft`y/ymf MZvTmf h`jfrtft`bfK M[f[rf np`(slf) avrfkq`[f
mkfk/ v/zf@ky`[f >p/>t ibgfk`v`Dk`[fbT. >mLmf inft vc[gfkq`[f v`qkfktf@t a@v ibgfk`kf
<k/]fHRnft k/lkfkdfdtft`lf i@bT\t@rtf tv`r >vB evr/Lmf v`qkfkVmf MHy/T. e[>v
n`cfcym/k np`tf>t/zrfkqf p`@by`[f m[/s`@lYmf avbfb`[f k]kfKk@qYmf avrfkQkfK v`qkfKm/B
i@bv[`[f T\trf t`Rnp`(slf) avrfkq`dmf >kdfDkf <k/]fHRnft`Rpf p/rfkqf. e[>v t/[f
avrfkQ@dy >kqfv`kQkfK pt`lq`pfpT >p/lff vc[mf(2:189) a@mnfTqfqT.

(np`>y!) ah`lfl/@vpf pbfb` umfm`dmf >kdfk`b/rfkqf; n-rf $Bmf : “a@v mkfkQkfKkf

k/lmf k/dfDp@vy/kVmf, hjf@jYmf ab`v`pfp@vy/kVmf uqfq[. >mLmf avfv-DkQkfKqf
>mbfPbm/k (alflT p`[fPbm/k) vRvt`lf n[f@m(P]f]`ymf) ilf@l; A[/lf i@bv{kfK
awfc` nbf<cylf Pr`>v/>r n[f@m a@d>v/r/vrf; e[>v avfv -DkQkfKqf (M@by/[) v/clfkqf
vz`y/k>v v/Rgfkqf; >mLmf n-gfkqf <vbfb`y@dYmf <p/RdfD alfl/hf@v, awfc` ndnfT
<k/qfQgfkqf.”

(2:189)

inft vc[tf@t >mLmf c`lM@b pHtfTkf <k/qfQgfkqf. inft Ayfv`@[ itbfK>mlf

pHkfk/mlf igf>k>y n`Btft`kf <k/qfQgfkqf. i[fB Cm/rf 1400 vRdgfkQkfK p`[f[rf it@[
pHtfTkf <k/]fHRkfk`[fb n-gfkqf cbfB c`nft`tfTpf p/Rgfkqf n-gfkqf inft vc[gfkq`l`RnfT e[f[
v`qgfk`kf <k/]fJrfkqf.

n`cfcym/k i@bv[`[f t`RtfT\trf(slf) avrfkqf inft vc[gfkQkfK e[f[

v`qkfkmq`tft`Rkf $Dmf.

n/mf umfm` cMt/ym/>v/mf. nmkfK eZtVmf <tr`y/T. e]f]Vmf <tr`y/T. m/tmf e[fpT
ipfpHYmf apfpHYmf iRkfKmf. at/vT oRtd@v 29 AkVmf, oRtd@v 30 AkVmf iRkfKmf.”
e[fB np`(slf) avrfkqf $b`[/rfkqf.

ab`v`pfpvrf : ipf{ umrf (rl`) ;

N\lfkqf : Pk/r`, Msfl`mf, ahfmtf.

4
 Np`(slf) avrfkqf rml/[f pbfb`kf Kb`pfp`dfd/rfkqf. apf>p/T tmf @kk@qtf tdfH, “m/tmf
ipfpHtft/[f; ipfpHtft/[f; ipfpHtft/[f” e[fB $b`[/rfkqf. M~[fb/vT td@v tmT kdf@d
v`r@l mdkfk`kf <k/]fd/rfkqf. e[>v , p`@b@ypf p/rftfT >n/[fP p`HYgfkqf ! p`@b@ypf p/rftfT
>n/[f@p v`Dgfkqf ! ugfkQkfK aT m@bkfkpfpdfd/lf MpfpT n/dfkq/k e]f]`kf <k/qfQgfkqf!”
e[fB $b`[/rfkqf.

ab`v`pfpvrf : ipf{ umrf (rl`) ;

N\lf : Msfl`mf.

inft vc[gfkQkfK i@tv`d <p/Rtftm/[ enft v`qkfktf@tYmf np`(slf) avrfkq`[f

ab`v`pfPkq`l`RnfT k/]MHyv`lf@l. inft (2:189)vc[tft`lf kdfd@qy`dpfpDmf t@dkqf ,
cdfdgfkqf a[f@by cMt/ytft`bfKr`ytlfl , m/bk p`[f[rf vrv`Rkfk`[fb i[f@by
cMt/ytftvrfkQkfKr`yT , e[fp@t n`cfcym/k ab`nfT@vtft`Rnft i@bv[`[f T\trf(slf) avrfkqf,
>vB evR>m k/dfHtftnft`Rkfk MHy/t oR ilKv/[ vz`M@by`@[ tbfk/l`k ndvHkf@ky/k
mkfkQkfK ab`v`pfPcf <cyfk`[fb/rfkqf,

p`@b@ykf k/}mf >p/T >n/[fP p`Hygfkqf ! mBp`@b@ykf k/}mf >p/T >n/[f@p

v`Dgfkqf ! aT m@bkfkpfpdfd/lf MpfpT n/dfkq/k e]f]`kf <k/qfQgfkqf !” e[fB np`(slf)
$b`[/rfkqf.

ab`v`pfpvrfk qf: ipf{ umrf(rl`), aP=h-@rr/ (rl`) ;

N\lfkqf : Pk/r`, Msfl`mf.

inft tbfk/l`kcf cdfdtf@t n`@b>bfBvtbfKr`y vz`M@bk@qYmf , vrmfPk@qYmf np`(slf)

kbfBtf tRk`b/rfkqf. avbf@b pr`c`l`pfp@t inft Ayfv`lf tv`rftfTkf <k/qf>v/mf.

iT ilKv/kfk`tf trpfpdfd oR tbfk/l`k ndvHkf@k >mLmf n`cfcym/k oR

k/lkdfdtft`lf inft vz`M@b m/bfbpfpdfDv`d >v]fDmf e[fptbfKr`y At/rgfk@q i[` ab`nfT
<k/qf>v/mf.

ht`sf k`rnftgfkq`lf pt`V <cyfypfpdfDqfq , np`tf>t/zrfkqf v`qkfkmq`tfTqfq ir]fD n`kzfV

k@q Mtl`lf k/]f>p/mf ,

n/gfkqf umfr/Vkfk/kpf Pbpfpdf>d/mf, ptf[f nkfl/ e[fb idtft`lf c`b`T tgfk`>[/mf.

apf>p/T p`@b p/rfkfk My[fB, p`@b@ypf p/rftf>t/mf. c`lrf iT M~[fb/vT irv`[f p`@b e[fb[rf.
>vB c`lrf iT ir]fd/vT irv`[f p`@b e[fb[rf. n/gfkqf ipf{ apfp/sf(rl`) avrfk@qcf
cnft`tfT iT pbfb`kf $b`>[/mf. atbfkvrfkqf n-gfkqf enft irv`lf p/rftft-rfkqf e[fB >kdfd/rfkqf.
inft irv`lf p/rftf>t/mf e[fB pt`lq`tf>t/mf. atbfK ipf{ apfp/sf(rl`) avrfkqf, “p`@b@ypf
p/rfpfptbfk/k alfl/hf a@t n-dfHYqfq/[f.” e[fB np`(slf) avrfkqf $b`[/rfkqf. e[>v
p`@b@y enft irv`lf p/rft -rfk>q/, aT anft irv`bfKr`yTt/[f, e[fB $b`[/rfkqf.”

ab`v`pfpvrf : aPlf pkftr` ;

N/lf : Msfl`mf.

ptf[f nkfl/ e[fb Orf <p/T idtft`lf p`ry/]`kqf $Dk`[fb[rf. avrfkqf pkfktfT Urfkq`
l`RnfT vnft`Rkfk >v]fDmf. e[>vt/[f p`@b@y p/rfk`[fb avrfkq`lf c`lrf a@t ir]fd/mf
irv`[f p`@by/kVmf >vBc`lrf M~[fb/mf irv`[f p`@by/kVmf p/rfkfk`[fb[rf. anftpf p`@b enft
irVkfKr`yT e[fptbfKr`y v`qkfkmf >t@vpfpDk`[fbT. e[>v avrfkqf np`tf>t/zrf ipf{ apfp/sf
(rl`) avrfkq`dmf v`qkfkmf >k/Rk`[fb[rf. atbfK avrfkqf p`@b@y n-gfkqf enft irv`lf p/rft-
rfk>q/, aT anft irv`bfKr`yTt/[f , at/vT evrf ir]fd/mf irv`[f p`@by/k p/rft-rfk>q/,
avRkfK aT ir]fd/mf irv`[f p`@b , evrf M~[fb/mf irv`[f p`@by/k p/rft-rfk>q/, avRkfK
aT M~[fb/mf irv`[f p`@b e[fB v`qkfkmf $Bk`[fb/rfkqf.”

5
 i[fB h`jfr` 1430 , vRdmf2009 n/mf i[f<drf<ndf , <clf>p/[f , s/dfd@ldf >p/[f
e[fB ab`v`ylf vqrfcfc`y`[f ucfckfkdfdtft`lf iRkfk`[f>b/mf. <t/@l>pc` k/l/vt`y/k` v`dfdT.
i[fB anft np`tf>t/zr`[f v`qkfkMmf$d cbfB v`>[/tm/k >t[fbl/mf. A[/lf cbfB c`nft`tfTpf
p/Rgfkqf 50 vRdgfkQkfK M[f[rf nmfM@dy n`l@m e[f[v/k iRnftT. nmfm`@d>y
<t/@ltf<tdrfP evfv/B iRnftT? pkfktfT Urfkq`@d>y$d <t/@l>pc` vct`kqf n`@[tfT
p/rfkfk MHy/t`RnftT.

inft n`@ly`lf , cnft`r[`[f tv@[y`[fpH>y m/ttf@t k]kfk`d >v]fDmf e[fb

i@bkfkdfd@q@y n`@b>vbfb` at[fpH>y <cyl/bfBvtbfK i@btfT\trf(slf) k/dfHtftnfTqfq ,
i[fBv@r 1400vRdgfkq/k n@dM@by`Lqfq inft vz`M@b@yv`d ilKv/[ o[f@b c`nft`tfT
p/rfkfk MHYm/?

np`(slf) avrfkqf p`@bp/rftft tkvlfk@q EbfB at[fpHYmf <cylfpdfDqfq/rfkqf. A[/lf

anft tkvlfkqf t/m/k>v vnft@dtft/>l tv`r pkfktfT Urfkq`@d>y$d tkvlf ab`nfT
<k/qfvtbf<k[ evfv`t t[`pfpdfd , p`rtft`>ykm/[ Mybfcfc`Ymf eDtfTkf <k/qfQm/B avrfkqf
T\]fHy>t ilf@l. >mLmf oR m/tmf 30 n/dfkq/k MHv@dnfTv`dfd/lf at[f p`[f[rf
k`@dkfk`[fb tkvlfk@q np`tf>t/zrfkqf oR>p/Tmf EbfBkf <k/]fdTm`lf@l e[fpt@[ inft
n`kzfVmf itbfKpf p`[f[rf vrv`Rkfk`[fb n`kzfVmf uBt` <cyfk`[fb[. t/mtm/[ tkvlfk@qtft/[f
np`tf>t/zrfkqf mBtfTqfq/rfkqf. e[>v inft n`kzfVk@q T\rtftbfK aqV>k/l/k eDtfTkf<k/qfvT
tvB.

n/[f arp/ n/q`lf Ay`x/(rl`) avrfkq`dmf <c[f>b[f. “ivRkfK >k/T@mkf kwfc`@ykf

<k/Dgfkqf ! at`lf i[`pf@p at`km/kfKgfkqf.” e[fB Ay`x/(rl`) avrfkqf $b`[/rfkqf. (arp/
n/q/k`y) i[fB n/[f >n/[fP >n/bfkfk/tt[f k/r]mf i[fB (mkfk/v`lf) hjfj-pf <pRn/qf
t`[m/k iRkfkl/mf e[fB n/[f awfCv>t” e[fB n/[f $b`>[[f. atbfK Ay`x/(rl`)
avrfkqf hjfj-pf <pRn/qf e[fB mkfkqf MHV <cyfYmf n/>q hjfj-pf <pRn/qf. >n/[fPpf <pRn/qf
e[fB mkfkqf MHV <cyfYmf n/>q >n/[fPpf <pRn/qf” e[fB v`qkfkmq`tft/rfkqf.”

ab`v`pfpvrf : msfRkf ;
N/lf : @phk-.

inft n`kzfv`[f v`qkfktf@t pr`c`l`pfptbfK M[f[rf np`(slf) avrfkq`[f ir]fD

ab`v`pfPk@q Mtl`lf ab`nfT <k/qf>v/mf.

>n/[fPpf <pRn/qf, hjfj-pf <pRn/qf Ak`y ir]fD <pRn/qf t`[gfkq`Lmf >n/[fP

>n/bfptbfK np`(slf) avrfkqf t@dv`t`tft/rfkqf.

ab`v`pfpvrf : aP=h-@rr/(rl`), Ay`x/(rl`), aP=sy-tf(rl`) ;

N/lf : Msfl`mf.

arFp/ t`[tft`lf evrf >n/[fp`l`Rkfk`[fb/>b/ avR@dy Mnft`y , p`nft`y vRdgfkq`[f

p/vgfk@q i@bv[f m[f[`kfk`[fb/[f.

ab`v`pfpvrf : alfktft/t/(rl`) ;
N/lf : Msfl`mf

6
 a[f@[ Ay`x/(rl`) avrfk@q cnft`kfk vRk`[fb inft nprf mkfk/v`lf h/j`kqf enft
t`[tft`lf arp/v`l`Rnft/rfk>q/ a[fB arp/ t`[tft`[f >n/[f@p >n/bfBv`dfD mBn/qf mt`[/
v/c`kqf avrfkq`[f k]kfk`[fpH arp/ n/q`[f >n/[fp`l`RkfKmf >p/T a[f@[ Ay`x/(rl`)
avrfk@q cnft`kfk vRk`[fb/rf. inft n`kzf@v n[fb/k c`nft`tft/lf vnft`Rkfk`[fb nprf n/mf >m>l
eDtfTkf k/dfHYqfq np`(slf) avrfkq`[f ir]fD ab`v`pfPkQkfKmf v`qkfkmf <pBmf >n/kfKd>[
vnfTqfq/rf e[fp@t <tq`v/k v`qgfk`kf <k/qfql/mf. avR@dy acfctf@t t-rfKmf v`tm/k
a[f@[ Ay`x/(rl`) avrfkqf “ivRkfK >k/T@mkf kwfc`@ykf <k/Dgfkqf ! at`lf i[`pf@p
at`km/kfKgfkqf.” e[fB $Bk`[fb/rfkqf.

a[f@[ Ay`x/(rl`) avrfkQmf , E@[y mt`[/ v/c`kQmf a[fB >n/[fp`l`Rnft/Lmf ,

a[f@[y/rf avrfk@q cnft`kfk vnft`Rkfk`[fb anft nprf a[f@by t`[tf@t <pRn/q/k
kRTvt/lf avRkfK i[`pf@p at`km/kfk` >k/T@m kwfc`@ykf <k/Dgfkqf e[fB
utftrv`Dk`[fb/rfkqf. anft npr`[f acfctft`lf , at/vT np`(slf) avrfkq`[f ab`v`pfPkqf
n`cfcym/k n`@ln`Rtftpfpd >v]fDmf e[fb avR@dy e]f]tft`lf , evfv`t tvBm`lf@l
e[fp@tYmf uBt` <cyfk`[fb/rfkqf. atfTd[f k-zfk]fd np`(slf) avrfkq`[f ab`v`pf@Ymf CdfHkf
k/dfDk`[fb/rfkqf.

n-gfkqf >n/[fP e[ MHV <cyfYmf n/q`lf t/[f >n/[fP. >n/[fPpf <pRn/qf e[ n-gfkqf
MHV <cyfYmf n/q`lf t/[f >n/[fPpf <pRn/qf. hjfj-pf <pRn/qf e[ n-gfkqf MHV <cyfYmf n/q`lf
t/[f hjfj-pf <pRn/qf” e[fB np`(slf) avrfkqf $b`[/rfkqf.

ab`v`pfpvrf : aP= h-@rr/(rl`) ;

N/lf : t`rfm`t`

np`(slf) avrfkq`[f inft ab`VpfPt/[f tbf>p/T n@dM@by`Lqfq inft ilKv/[

tbfk/l`k cdfdtft`lf iTv@ry`lf n-Htft`RpfptbfKmf , >mLmf oR k/lkfkdfdtft`lf infttf tbfk/l`kcf
cdfdmf mkfkq/lf m/bfbpfpDvtbfKmf , >m>l n/mf eDtfTkfk/dfHYqfq np`(slf) avrfkq`[f
ab`v`pfPkQmf n`@ln/dfdpfpDvtbfKmf mkfkQkfKtf trpfpdfDqfq agfk`h/rmf e[fpt@[Ymf a[f@[
Ay`x/(rl`) avrfkqf eDtfT@rk`[fb/rfkqf.

p`@b@ypf p/rftfTtft/[f m/ttf@t t-rfm/]`kfk >v]fDmf e[fB mkfkQkfK kdfd/y

kd@my/kfk`y np`(slf) avrfkqf tmfv/zfn/q`>y anftkf kdfd/ykfkd@m oR k/lkdfdtft`lf
m/bfbpfpdfDv`Dmf e[fpt@[ eDtfTkfk/dfDmf v`tm/k mkfk@q p/t`kfk/t oR #zfn`@y`lf
<cylfpDtft`Ymf k/dfDk`[fb/rfkqf.

np`(slf) avrfkqf tmf m@[v`yrfk@q v`dfD oRm/t k/lmf p`r`nft`Rpf>p[f e[

uBt`<cyfT avrfk@q v`dfDmf v`lk` iRkfk`[fb/rfkqf. 29 n/dfkqf MHv@dnft n`@ly`lf
avrfkq`dmf <clfk`[fb/rfkqf. apf>p/T oRm/ttft`[f tv@[ i[fB MHv@dyv`lf@l e[
n`@[V=dfdpf pDk`[fb/rfkqf. atbfK , anft m/tmf 29 n/dfkQ@dy>t e[ $b`[/rfkqf.”

sh` Msfl`mf : 2384 , 2387 ; sh` alf Pk/r` : 7.130 , 7.212 , 8.675

igfK np`(slf) avrfkqf oRm/ttft`[f tv@[@y uBt` <cyfk`[fb/rfkqf. e[>v n`cfcym/k

anft m/tmf avrfkq`[f m@[v`yrfkq`dtft`lf m`kVmf Mkfk`ytfTvmf v/yfnft oR m/tm/k`v`Dk`[fbT.
m`kVmf u]f]`pf>p/D anft m/tmf k]kfk`dpfpDk`[fbT. e[>v t/[f 29 n/dfkqf MHv@dnft
n`@ly`lf anft m/tmf 30 irVk@qkf <k/]fdT e[ mkfkqf MH<vDtfT v`Dk`[fb/rfkqf.
at[/lft/[f 30mf irV np`(slf) avrfkqf tmf m@[v`yr`dmf <c[fb >p/T anft m/tmf
MHv@dyv`lf@l e[ n`@[V=dfdpfpDk`[fb/rfkqf. atbfK avrfkqf anft m/tmf 29
n/dfkQ@dyTt/[f e[fB $Bk`[fb/rfkqf.

7
 igfK m`kMkfk`ym/k kv]`kfkpd >v]fHy v`xymf e[f[<v[fb/lf , p`@b@ykf k/]Vmf
MHyv`lf@l a@tpf pbfb`y enft tkvLmf k`@dkfkVm`lf@l. iT agfk`Rnft np`tf>t/zrfkqf
a@[vRkfKmf uBt`y/ktf <tr`Ymf. inft n`@ly`lf , mBn/qf anft m/ttft`[f 30vT n/q/ktft/[f
k]kfk`dpfpd >v]fDmf e[fB mkfkQkfK kdfd/y kdfd@qy`dfHRnft np`(slf) avrfkqf
atbfKm/b/k anftm/tmf 29 ndfkq`lf MHv@dnfTv`dfdT e[ ab`v`kfk`[fb/rfkqf.

inft n`kzfv`[f p`]f][` , p`@b@ykf k]fkq/lf k/]/m>l>y m/ttf@tkf

k]kfk`DvtbfKr`y mbf<b/R vz`M@bYmf uqfqT e[fpt@[ mkfkQkfK eDtfTkf k/dfDv>ty/Kmf.
cnft`r[`[f m[/s`LkfK v`qkfkmf >kdfDkf <k/]fHRnft a[f@by cMt/ytftvRkfKmf , anft
m[/s`@l <tq`v/k ab`nfT <cyl/bfb ckft` <pbfb`Rkfk`[fb i[f@by cMt/ytftRkfKmf inft
n`kzf@v oR i[fb`y@my/ M[fm/t`r`y/k np`(slf) avrfkqf tmfM@dy v/zfn/q`>l>y
<cylfpDtft`Ymf k/dfHYqfq/rfkqf.

iTv@ry`lf i@bv[`[f t`RtfT\trf(slf) avrfkqf nmkfK k/dfHtftnft`Rnft vz`M@by`lf

n`@ltft`Rnf>t/mf. aT orf ilKv/kfk`tf trpfpdfd tbfk/l`k ndvHkf@k e[fpt@[Ymf <tq`v/k
v`qgfk`kf <k/]f>d/mf. i[` inft n`@ly`l`RnfT nmf@m m/bfbpf >p/vT y/rf? atbfKr`y at`h/rmf
y/r`dmf uqfqT? itbfK <p/Bpf >pbfBkf <k/qfqpf>p/vT y/rf?

n`cfcym/k nmf@m p@dtfT pr`p/l`tfT n`rfvh`tfTkf <k/]fHRkfKmf i@bv@[tf tv`r

>v<bvRkfK anft ur`@mYmf tKt`Ymf AbfbLmf iRkfkMHYmf! n`cfcym/k i@bv[`[f
vlfl@m@yYmf av[f t[f aHy/rfkq`[f m-T At`kfkM@dyv[f >mLmf avrfkQ@dy k/r`ygfk@q
av>[ n`rfvh`tfTkf <k/]fHRkfk`[fb/[f e[fb >pR]f@m@yYmf ulk`bfK p@bc/bfBv>t inft
m/bfbtft`[f m`k Mkfk`ym/[ >n/kfkmf (k/]fk v`r`V@b10:5) e[fpt@[ n/mf v`qgfk`kf<k/qfq
>v]fDmf.

i@bv[f t[f{@dy t`dfdgfk@q av[f t[f aH/y/rfkQkf<k[ aRq`Yqfq

i@b>vtm/k`y t`Rm@bkf KrfA[f v/y`l/k>v n`@b>vbfBk`[fb/[f. e[>v t`Rm@bkf KrfA[f
nmkfK e[f[ kdfd@qy`Dk`bT e[fpt@[ n/mf ab`nfT <k/qf>v/mf.

(np`>y!) ah`lfl/@vpf pbfb` umfm`dmf >kdfk`b/rfkqf; n-rf $Bmf : “a@v mkfkQkfKkf

k/lmf k/dfDp@vy/kVmf, hjf@jYmf ab`v`pfp@vy/kVmf uqfq[. >mLmf avfv-DkQkfKqf
>mbfPbm/k (alflT p`[fPbm/k) vRvt`lf n[f@m(P]f]`ymf) ilf@l; A[/lf i@bv{kfK
awfc` nbf<cylf Pr`>v/>r n[f@m a@d>v/r/vrf; e[>v avfv-DkQkfKqf (M@by/k) v/clfkqf
vz`y/k>v v/Rgfkqf; >mLmf n-gfkqf <vbfb`y@dYmf <p/RdfD alfl/hf@v, awfc` ndnfT
<k/qfQgfkqf.”
(2:189)

inft vc[mf(2:189) idmf <pbfBqfq t`Rm@by`[f 2mf atft`y/ym/[ alfpkr/v`lf

vc[mf(2:142) l`RnfT vc[mf(2:242) v@ry`lf (2mf p/kmf MZvTmf) i@bv[f, oR >pr/c`r`yrf
t[f{@dy vKpfp@by`lf m/]vrfkq`[f nDv`lf n`[fB <k/]fD , avrfkq`[f >kqfv`kQkfKmf ,
cnf>tkgfkQkfKmf v`qkfkmq`pfpT >p/lf , 100 vc[gfk@qkf <k/]fD m[`t[`[f v/zfv`ylf , v]kfk
vz`p/Dkqf >p[fbvbfb`rfk/[ cdfdt`dfdgfkQkfK v`qkfkmq`tfT a@t nmkfK kbfBtftRk`[fb/[f.

Mtl`lf Msfl`mfkqf M[f>[/kfKvtbfk/] k`pfl/@v @ptfTlf Mktftsf(msfj`tlf akfs/v`)

l`RnfT @ptfTlf hr/mf(mkfk/v`bf)kfK m/bfBm/B kdfd@qy`Dk`b/[f. p`[f[rf v/zfv`ylf cdfd
t`dfdgfk@q v`vr`kfk`[fb/[f. P]f]`ymf e[fb/lf e[f[ e[fB v`qkfkmq`kfKk`[fb/[f. p`[f[rf
>n/[fp`[f v`qkfkgfkqf a@ttf <t/drfnfT vc[mf (2:189)lf k/ltf@t, aT evfv/B k]`kfkpf pd
>v]fDmf e[fp@t v`qkfKk`[fb/[f. <t/drfnfT hjf mbfBmf m/tv`d/yf , >p/rf , tl/kf >p/[fbvbfb`[f
cdfdgfk@q v`qkfKk`[fb/[f.

8
 MHv`lf vc[mf (2:242)lf, i@bv[f ivfv/B v`qkfKvt[f >n/kfkmf mkfkqf anft
cdfdt`dfdgfk@q <tq`v/k ab`nfT at[fpH>y <cyl/bfb >v]fDmf e[fb ab`V@b>y/D
MHkfk`[fb/[f. e[>v vc[mf (2:189)bfKr`y <tq`v/[ v`qkfktf@t ab`nfT , at[fpH>y
<cyl/bfBvTt/[f i@bv[`[f uvpf@p <pbfBtftRmf e[fpt`lf evfv`t m/bfBkf kRtft`bfKmf
idm`lf@l.

>mLmf ,“i[fB ugfkQ@dy m/rfktf@t ugfkQkfk/k n/[f MZ@my/kfk`v`df>d[f. (5:3)”

e[fb >vtv/kfk`[fpH MZ@my@dnfTv`dfd >mLmf $Dtlf , K@bV , PT@m >p/[fb

m/bfbgfkQkfK idmq`kfk/t nmfM@dy m/rfktft`lf vc[mf (2:189)[f v`qkfktf@t ab`nfT atbfK
<cylf vHvmf <k/Dpft/lf m/rfktft`lf n/mf evfv`t N\t[tf@tYmf(p`tfatf@tYmf) t`]`tfT v`dv`lf@l.
m/b/k i@bm@b k/ltf@t <v[fb oR ar`y <p/kfk`xmf , aT anft i@bv[`[f kdfd@qk@q
atbfKr`y k/lkdfdtft`lf ivfulk`bfK cmrfp`tfTkf <k/]fHRkfk`[fbT e[fpTt/[f >pR]f@m.

vc[mf(2:189)@t >m>l/dfdm/k p/rftft/lf eTV>m Pr`y/tT >p/lf t/[f >t/[fBmf. A[/lf

inft vc[tft`lf idmf <pBmf c`l v/rftf@tkQkfK anft vc[tft`[f @mykfkRtft`bf>kbfp M@by/[
<p/Rqf tRmf v`qkfkgfk@q t`Rm@by`[f T@]<k/]fDmf i@bT\tr`[f ab`v`pfPkq`l`RnfTmf ab`nfT
<k/qf>v/>my/[/lf , inft vc[mf t[f{qf <p/t`nft`RkfKmf u]f@m@y <tq`v/k u]rfnfT
<k/qfql/mf. e[>v inft vc[tf@t M@by/k v`qgfk`kf <k/qf>v/mf.

Mtl`lf inft vc[tft`lf idmf<pBmf ah`lfl/ e[fb v/rftf@tkfKr`y M@by/[ v`qkfktf@t

ab`nfT <k/qf>v/mf.

i[f{mf (ulrfnfT v@qnft) p@zy >pr`tft mdf@d@ypf >p/l/Kmf v@ry`lf cnft`r{kfK

n/mf pl m[fs`lfk@q (tgfKm`dgfk@q) EbfpDtft`y`Rkfk`[f>b/mf.
(36:39)

av[ft/[f #r`y@[ oq`v`qkfk/k Akfk`[/[f ; >mLmf A]fDkq`[f e]f]`kf@k@yYmf ,

(ovfoR m/ttft`[f k/lkf) k]kfKk@qYmf ab`nfT <k/qfQmf <p/RdfD (#r`y[`[f oq`y`lf)
ilgfk`kf <k/]fHRkfKmf anft cnft`r{kfK pl m[fs`lfk@qYmf n`rf]y`tft/[f;

(10:5)

vc[mf (10:5) , (36:39) Ak`yvbfb`lf i@bv[f cnft`r@[pf pbfb`kf $Bmf >p/T atbfK pl
m[fs`lfk@q (alflT arp`y`lf p[f@my`lf m[/s`lf) n`rf]y`tfTqf>q/mf e[fB $Bk`[fb/[f.
e[>v cnft`r[`[f anft m[/s`@lpf pbfb` c`b`T v`qgfk`kf <k/qf>v/mf.

cnft`r[`[f n/[fK n`@lk@q , m[/s`@l igfK pdm`dfDkf k/dfHYqf>q/mf. anft

n`@lkq`lf #r`y[f , cnft`r[f mbfBmf P=m` Ak`y M~[B
f >k/qfkQmf oR >nrf >k/dfHlf vRk`[fb
Mtlf n`@l@y cbfB v`r`v/k k/]f>p/mf.

cnft`r[f, #r`y{kfK >nrf et`r/k vRmf >p/T, #r`y@[ >n/kfk` iRkfKmf at[f oRPbmf
mdfDmf MZ@my/k oq`<pBk`bT. P=m`@y >n/kfk` iRkfKmf at[f mBPbmf #r`y[`l`RnfT enft
oq`@yYmf <pb MHy/tt/lf MZ iRdfd/k` v`Dk`[fbT. A[/Lmf #r`y[`[f oq`kfkt`rfkqf inft
iR]fd pKt`@y p`[fPbm`RnfT #zfnfT <k/qfvt/lf P=m`y`l`RkfKmf evr/Lmf cnft`r@[
k/]MHy/t n`@l EbfpDk`[fbT. ivfv/B inft M~[fB >k/qfkQmf oR >nrf >k/dfHlf a@mk`[fb
inft n`@l@ytf t/[f (Conjuction of moon) e[fB $Bk`>b/mf.

9
 ivfv/B oR >nrf>k/dfHl`RnfT mBn`m`d>m t[f PTpf py]tf@t <t/drfnfT, ulk`bfK
p`@by/k >t/bfb mq`kfKmf aqVkfK vqrfnfT<k/]fD <clfLmf cnft`r[`[f inf
n`@lk@q>y(m[fs`lfk@q>y) PTpfp`@by`[f n`@lkqf alflT “ Phases of the New
Moon ” e[fB a@zkfk`>b/mf.

e[>v ah`lfl/ (p`@bkqf) e[fB igfK i@bv[f p`@b@y (h`l/lf) p[f@my`lf $BvT
cnft`r[f t[f{@dy PTcf Cbf@b Tvgfk` Mtl`lf c`l n/dfkQkfK p`@by/k k/dfc`tRmf anft Mtlf
m[/s`@l>y. e[>v ah`lfl/ e[fptbfK p`@bkqf(>t/[fBmf m[/s`lf) – Phases of the
New Moon e[fB <p/Rqkfkmf <cyfyv>t ab`VpfP=rfvm/[t/Kmf.

ir]fd/vt/k ah`lfl/ e[fb n`@l ovf<v/R m/ttf tv@[y`lf t`Rmfptf t`Rmfp

<t/drfnfT vRk`[fb oR n`@l e[fpt/lf inft vc[tft`lf idmf <pRmf k/lmf(mv/k-tf) e[fb
v/rftf@t@y (ovf<v/R m/t) k/lmf e[fB <p/Rq/kfkmf <cyfv>t M@by/[ <p/Rq/kfkm/kmf.

M~[fb/vt/k i@bv[f inft vc[tft`lf Kb`pfp`Dmf h|f ; iT ulk`[f plf>vB

pKt`kq`l`RnfTmf vRk`[fb Msfl`mfkqf arFp/ e[fb Orf idtft`lf Tlfh|f m/ttft`[f o[fpt/mf
n/qf o[fB >crfnfT n`@b>vbfb >v]fHy oR ulkq/v`y v]kfk vz`p/D.

i@ttft/[f t`Rnp`(slf) ; ( alf h|f|_ arFptfT ) , arFp/ e[fb t`bnft <vq`

@mt/[tft`lf o[fB $Dv>t h|f e[fBmf; ptft/mf n/qf Cpfh-kfKqf y/rf arFp/@v
a@dnfTv`dfd/>r/ avrf h|f@| a@dnfT v`dfd/rf e[fBmf , $b`[/rfkqf.

ab`v`pfpvrf : apfTrf rhfm/[f ipf[` yFmrf(rl`) ;

N\lf: t`rfm`t` , nsy-.

10
 inft vc[tft`lf , ovf<v/R m/ttf@tYmf ah`lfl/ k/dfDk`bT e[fB i@bv[f $Bmf
>p/T aT h|f|-@dy m/tft@tYmf >crftfTtf t/[f k/dfd >v]fDmf. A[/Lmf i@bv[f anft
vc[tft`lf <t/drfcfc`y/k h|f@|Ymf k/dfDk`bT e[fB at`kpfpHy/k $Bk`[fb/[f. cbfB Aqm/k
c`nft`tfTpf p/rfpf>p/>my/[/lf it[f M~lmf i@bv[f e[f[ n/Dk`[fb/[f e[fp@t <tq`v/k ab`nfT
<k/qfql/mf. >m>l n/mf eDtfTkf <k/]fDqfq t`Rnp`(slf) avrfkq`[f ab`v`pf@p p/Rgfkqf , oR
Kb`pfp`dfd n/q`lf oR Kb`pfp`dfd idtft`lf o[fB $Dv>tv@t h|f e[ ab`v`kfk`[fb/rfkqf.
e[>v inft ab`v`pfp`[fpH h|f e[fpT Kb`pfp`dpfpdfd oR n/qf e[fB <p/Rqf <k/qfvt`lf
evfv`t m/bfBkf kRtft`bfKmf idm`lf@l. e[>v inft vc[tft`lf idmf <pRmf h|f@|Ymf
k/dfDk`bT e[fpt@[ h|f@| (n`@b>vbfb mkfkqf o[fB$Dmf arFp/ n/@q)Ymf k/dfDk`bT e[
v`r`v/kfkmf <cyfvt/lf evfv`t Mr]fp/dfHbfKmf idm`lf@l.

n/[fk/vt/k inft vc[tft`lf idmf <pRmf anft v-Dkqf (arp`y`lf alfPY=tf)

e[fptbfKr`y M@by/[ v`qkfktf@t ab`nfT <k/qfvT. PY=tf e[fptbfK arp` ahr/t`kq`[fpH (
stages , phases , mansions ) n`@lkqf , m[/s`lf e[fBmf <p/Rq/kfkmf
<k/qfql/mf. inft vc[mf ah`lfl/ e[fb cnft`r[`[f oRn`@l@y v`qkfk MbfpDvt/Lmf , >mLmf
i@bv[f cnft`r@[pfpbfb`kf $Bmf >p/T (10:5), (36:39) >p/[fb vc[gfkq`lf at[f m[/s`@l>y
CdfHkf k/dfDvt/Lmf inft vc[tft`lf idmf<pRmf (alfPY=tf) anft v-Dkqf e[fptbfK , inft
vc[tft`[f k]f>]/dfdtft`lf (cnft`r[`[f) amfm[/s`lf e[ <p/Rq/kfkmf <k/qfv>t
M@by/[t/Kmf.

inft vc[tft`lf h|f e[fb v/rftf@tYmf (ugfkqf) v-DkQkfKqf <clfvT e[fb <c/bftf
<t/dRmf aDtftDtfT vRvt/lf t`Rm@by`[f v`r`V@by/qrfkq`lf plrf inft vc[tft`[f Tvkfktft`lf
i@bv[f mkfkQkfKtf <tq`v/kfk MbfpDmf ah`lfl/v`[f v`qkfktft`bfK evfv`ttft`Lmf <p/Rtftmbfb ,
awfw/[ k/ltft`lf hjfkfK <clfpvrfkq`dmf n`lv` vnft Orf M~d pzkfk vzkfktft`bfK t@d
v`t`tftT>p/lf inft vc[tf@t v`r`v/kfkmf <cyfTqfq[rf. t`Rm@by`[f c`bnft v`r`V@by/qrfkq`lf
plRmf inft vc[tft`bfK pr/V p`[f As`pf(rl`) avrfkqf v/y`l/k Ph/r`y`lf pt`V <cyfypfpdfDqfq
inft kRtf@t>y avrfkQ@dy v`r`V@bkq`lf pt`V <cyfTqfq/rfkqf. A[/lf iT oR np`<m/z`
alfl. pr/V p`[f As`pf(rl`) avrfkq`[f t[`pfpdfd kRtfTt/[f.

inft 2mf atft`y/mf MZvTmf ibgfk`yT mt`[/v`lf t/[f , >mLmf (2:142)l`RnfT

(2:242)v@ry`Lqfq cdfdgfkqf ptfR , ukT <vbfb`kfKpf p`[f oR c`b`y isfl/m`y Adfc`
n`Bvpfpdfd Mtlf kdfdtft`[f >p/Tt/[f aRqpfpdfdT e[fp@t t`Rm@by`[f v`r`V@rkq`l`RnfT
ab`nfT <k/qfq MHk`bT. >mLmf mt`[/ v/c`kQmf , mkfk/v`l`RnfT h`jfrtf <cyfT vnfTv`dfd
evRmf mkfk/@v <vbfb` <k/qfQmfv@ry`lf umfr/ , hjf e[ n`@[tfTkf$d p/rfk
MHy/tvrfkq/yf iRnft/rfkqf.

inft tR[tft`lf MFm`[fkq`dtft`lf itft@ky awfw/[ k/ltfT M~d pzkfkvzkfkgfkqf

n`lv` vnft[ e[fBmf atbfk/k i@bv[f oR vc[tf@t>y ibkfk`@vtft/[f e[fpTmf
evfv`ttft`Lmf <p/RtftmbfbT. >mLmf MFm`[f alfl/>t/r`[f k`r`@ykqf arftmbfb@v atbfK
i@bv[f oR vc[tf@t irkfk >v]fHy avc`yMmf ilf@l.

>mLmf (alfPY=tf) anft v-DkQkfKqf (amf m[/s`LkfKqf) e[fBt/[f vc[mf CdfHkf

k/dfDk`[fbT , atbfK (ugfkqf) v-DkQkfKqf (PY=tft`k) e[fB arftftmf <k/Dkfkpfpdfdt[f
v`@q>v inft vc[mf iTv@ry`lf Pr`y/t Pt`r/k iRnfttbfK k/r]m/Kmf.

i>t ir]fd/mf atft`y/ytft`lf vc[mf 196l`RnfT 203 v@ry`lf hjf@j n`@b>vbfb

n/DpvrfkQkfK at[f vz`M@bk@qYmf apf>p/T >p[ >v]fHy oZkfk vrmfPk@qYmf
<tq`v/kVmf v`r`v/kVmf v`qkfkpfpDk`[fbT. >mLmf t`Rnp`(slf) avrfkqf hjfjTlf v`t/v`[f >p/T
hjf@jYmf , umfr/@vYmf evfv/B n`@b>vbfb >v]fDmf e[fpt@[Ymf at[f k`r`@yk@qYmf ,
cnf>tkgfk@qYmf t/>[ <cyl/bfb`Ymf , mkfkQkfK <tq`v/kfk`Ymf tRk`[fb/rfkqf. a[fB avrfkqf
n`kzftft`y u@by`lf awfw/[ k/ltfT cdgfKk@q e[f k/l`[f k-zf nCkfk`v`df>d[f e[fB
p`rkd]Mmf <cyfk`[fb/rfkqf. e[>v 189mf vc[tft`lf kdfd@qy`dpfpDmf t@d awfw/[
k/ltft`bfKr`ytlfl m/b/k i[f@by v`wfw/[ k/ltft`bfKr`y>t. it@[ i[fs/ alfl/hf
vc[mf189bfKr`y M@by/[ <p/Rq/kfktf@t ab`nfT <k/qfvt[f M~lmf v`qgfk`kf <k/qfqq/mf.

11
ipf>p/T vc[mf (2:189)t`@[ mBpHYmf k/]f>p/mf.

(np`>y!) ah`lfl/@vpf pbfb` umfm`dmf >kdfk`b/rfkqf; n-rf $Bmf : “a@v mkfkQkfKkf

k/lmf k/dfDp@vy/kVmf, hjf@jYmf ab`v`pfp@vy/kVmf uqfq[. >mLmf avfv-DkQkfKqf
>mbfPbm/k (alflT p`[fPbm/k) vRvt`lf n[f@m(P]f]`ymf) ilf@l; A[/lf i@bv{kfK
awfc` nbf<cylf Pr`>v/>r n[f@m a@d>v/r/vrf; e[>v avfv-DkQkfKqf (M@by/k) v/clfkqf
vz`y/k>v v/Rgfkqf; >mLmf n-gfkqf <vbfb`y@dYmf <p/RdfD alfl/hf@v, awfc` ndnfT
<k/qfQgfkqf.”

i[` inft vc[tft`bfKr`y M@by/[ <p/RqftRmf v`r`v/kfktf@t k/]f>p/mf.

(np`>y!) p`@bkqf(>t/[fBmf m[/s`@lpf) pbfb` umfm`dmf >kdfk`b/rfkqf; n-rf $Bmf :

“a@v mkfkQkfK (ovf<v/R m/ttft`[f) k/ltf tv@[@yYmf , hjf@j (n`@b>vbfb mkfkqf
o[fB$Dmf arp/v`[f t`[tf@t)Ymf ab`v`pfp@vy/Kmf. >mLmf (p`@bkqf >t/[fBmf) amf
m[/s`LkfKqf >mbfPbm/k>v/ (alflT p`[fPbm/k>v/) vRvt`lf n[f@m(P]f]`ymf) ilf@l;
A[/lf i@bv{kfK awfc` nbf<cylf Pr`>v/>r n[f@m a@d>v/r/vrf; e[>v (p`@bkqf
>t/[fBmf) amf m[/s`LkfKqf (M@by/k) v/clfkqf vz`y/k>v v/Rgfkqf; >mLmf alfl/hf@v
awfc`kf <k/qfQgfkqf , n-gfkqf <vbfb`y@dYmf <p/RdfD.”

(2:189)
i[` inft vc[tft`bfKr`y v`qkfktf@t k/]f>p/mf.

ah`lfl/ e{mf p`@bkqf >t/[fBmf m[/s`lf (phases of the new moon)

mkfkQkfK ovf<v/R m/ttft`[f k/ltff tv@[@yYmf , yvfMlf arFp/ e[pfpDmf hjf@j n`@b>bfb
mkfkqf o[fB$Dmf arFp/v`[f t`[tf@tYmf k/dfDk`[fbT. it[f v`qkfkmf ah`lfl/ e[fb
cnft`r[`[f Mtlf n`@l ovf<v/R m/ttft`[f tv@[@y at/vT anft m/tmf 29 n/dfkq`{@dyt/
alflT 30 n/dfkq`{@dyt/ e[fp@tkf k/dfDk`[fbT. >mLmf aT anft m/tgfkq`lf a@mYmf
m`k Mkfk`ym/[ n/@qYmf k/dfDk`[fbT.

oR m/ttft`[f tv@[@yYmf anft m/ttft`[f Kb`pfp`dpfpdfd oR n/@qYmf ah`lfl/

k/dfHtftRmf e[fb/lf anft m/tgfkq`[f Kb`pfPk@q at/vT m/tgfkqf TvgfKv@tYmf a@v
MHv@tYmf >mLmf anft m/tgfkq`lf a@mYmf Mkfk`ym/[ n/dfk@qYmf n`cfcym/k adfdv@[
pDtft`v`dl/mf. it[f et/rftmf , ah`lfl/v`[f aHpfp@dy`lf mdfD>m n/dfk/dfH
(calendar)a@my >v]fDmf e[fpt@[ inft (2.189)vc[mf <tq`v/k eDtfT@rkfk`[fbT.

iTv@ry`lf i@bv[`[f t`RtfT\trf(slf) avrfkqf nmkfK k/dfHtftnft`Rnft vz`M@by`lf

n`@ltft`Rnf>t/mf. i[` anft n`@ly`l`RnfT nmf@m m/bfb`kf <k/qfqpf >p/k`[f>b/mf. i@bv[`[f
kdfd@qy`[fpH>y av{@dy t`dfdtf@t aT t-dfdpfpdfdt`[f >n/kfktf@t i[` n/mf n`@b>vbfbpf
>p/k`[f>b/mf.(10:5 v`r`V@b).

>mLmf (p`@bkqf >t/[fBmf) amf m[/s`LkfKqf >mbfPbm/k>v/ (alflT p`[fPbm/k>v/) vRvt`lf

n[f@m(P]f]`ymf) ilf@l;

inft i@bv/kfK n/mf iTv@ry`lf n`@tft`Rnft nmfM@dy n`@ly`l`RnfT nmf@m

v`Dv`tfTkf <k/qfq agfk`h/rmf vzgfKk`[fbT. at/vT i[fBv@r n/mf PTpfp`@b@y k]fkq/lf
p/rftfT at[fpH>y m/tgfk@q Tvgfk`vnf>t/mf. avfv/B apfPTpf p`@b@y k]fkq/lf p/rftft
p`[f>p ah`lfl/ e[fb anft p`@bkqf >t/[fBmf m[/s`LkfKqf N@zvt/lf evfv`t n[f@m>y/ ,
P[f[`y>m/ at`lf ilf@l. m/b/k k]fkq/lf p`@b@ypf p/rftfT anft m[/s`LkfKqf <clfvT
mkfkQkfK ilKv/kfk`tf trpfpdfd Orf tbfk/l`kcf cdfd>m e[fp@t <tq`v/kfKk`[fbT.

12
 ah`lfl/ e{mf p`@bkqf >t/[fBmf m[/s`lf e[fpT cnft`r[f t[f{@dy PTcf Cbf@b
Tvgfk`yt`l`RnfT p`[f[rf p`@by/yf >t/[fb` apfp`@b vqrfnfT cnft`r[`[f p/t`p/kmf oq` <pbfb`Dmf
v@ry`lf uqfq Mtlf k/lf e[fpt@[ itbfK M[f[rf v`qkfk`Yqf>q/mf. anft ah`lfl/ e{mf
p`@bkqf >t/[fBmf m[/s`lf uRv/k` Mt[f Mtl/k PTpf p`@b ulk`bfK k/dfc`yq`pfptbfK m`kkf
m`kkf K@bnft aqV 12l`RnfT 15 m]` >nrMmf at`kpf pdfcmf 2 n/dfkQmf Ak`v`Dk`[fbT.
iTvlfl/mlf PTpf p`@b >t/[fb` ulk`[f k-zf t`@ckfKmf >mlf t`@ckfKmf i@dy`lf Et/vT Orf
pKt`y`lf Mt[f Mtl/k k/dfc`tRmf. apf>p/T ivfulk`[f plf>vB pKt`kqf plf>vB n`@lkq`lf
at/vT oRvrf irv`Lmf , mbfvrf pkl`Lmf , oRvrf Mnfty n/q`Lmf , mbfbvrf p`nft`y n/q`Lm/k
iRnfT <k/]fHRpfp/rfkqf.

inft n`@ly`lf np`(slf) avrfkqf nmkfKkf k/dfHtf tnft vz`M@bkqf <cylfM@bkfK

m`kVmf ilKv/[Tt/[f e[fb/Lmf atbfK v@ry@bkqf uqfq[ , at[Hpfp@dy`lf Mbf$dfH>y
m/tgfk@q t-rfm/]`kfk MHy/T. anftpf PTpfp`@b k-zft`@cy`>l/ , >mlft`@cy`>l/ alflT at[f
nDv`lf Et/vT oR pKt`y`lf Mt[fMtl/k k/dfc` trl/mf e[>v MZ@my/[ oR n/q`lf anft
m/ttf@t TvgfkVmf MHy/T. e[>vt/[f igfK i@bv[f iTv@ry`lf n`@ltft`Rnft anft
ilKv/[ cdfdtft`lf >mLmf n-Hpfpt/lf evfv`t n[f@m>y/ , P[f[`y>m/ ugfk@q vnft@dnfT
v`Dvt`lf@l e[ <tq`v/kfk`v`dfD aDtftkf kdfdm/k n[f@m , P[f[`ymf e[fb/lf e[f[?
e[fpt@[ v`qkfKk`[fb/[f.

A[/lf i@bv{kfK awfc` nbf<cylf Pr`>v/>r n[f@m a@d>v/r/vrf;

igfK , i@bv@[ awfc` av[T t`Rpf <p/Rtfttf@t mdfD>m n/Hyvrfkq/k av[T

kdfd@qkQkfK i]gfk` t[f<cylfk@q m/bfb`kf <k/qfpvrfk>q nbf<cylf Pr`pvrfkqf e[fBmf
avrfk>q i@bv[`dtft`l`RnfT n[f@mk@qpf <pbfBkf <k/qfqkf $Hyvrfkqf e[fBmf v`qkfk`v`dfD ,
Pt`y cdfdtf@t v`t`y/kfKk`[fb/[f.

e[>v (p`@bkqf >t/[fBmf) amf m[/s`LkfKqf (M@by/k) v/clfkqf vz`y/k>v v/Rgfkqf;

k-zf t`@ckfKmf >mlf t`@ckfKmf i@dy`lf avrvrf iRkfKmf n`@ly`lf ah`lfl/ e{mf
p`@bkqf >t/[fBmf m[/s`LkfKqf (aT ah`lfl/v`[f Armfpm/y`{mf alflT p`@b uRv/k`
ulk`bfK k/dfc`yq`kfKmf n`@ly/y`{mf atbfKqf) <clfl >v]fd/mf e[ itbfK M[f[rf t@d
v`t`tft i@bv[f , igfK amfm[/s`LkfKqf (M@by/k) v/clfkqf vz`y/k>v v/Rgfkqf e[ oR
Pt`y cdfdtf@t v`t`y/kfKk`[fb/[f. e[>v Mtl`lf i@bv[f igfK Kb`pfp`Dmf v/clfk@q v`qgfk`kf
<k/qf>v/mf.

ah`lfl/ ovf<v/R m/ttft`[f tv@[@yYmf anft m/ttft`[f Kb`pfp`dfd n/@qYmf

k/dfHtftRmf. (2:189) ; oR m/ttft`[f tv@[ 29 alflT 30 n/dfkqf (np` <m/z`). e[>v oR
m/ttft`[f Orf agfkm[ oR n/@qpf pbfb` c`b`T v`qgfk`kf <k/qf>v/mf.

ut/r]tft`bfK <vqfq`kfk`z@m@y eDtfTkf <k/qf>v/mf. inft <vqfq`kfk`z@m Mt[f

Mtl/k ulk`[f k-zftft`@c n/Dkq`lf utym/k`[fbT. anft n/Dkq`lf Mt[f Mtl/k j-mfm/
<t/Z@k n`@b>vbfbpfpDk`[fbT. p`[f[rf anft <vqfq`kfk`z@m pHpfpHy/k >mlft`@c@y >n/kfk`cf
<clfk`[fbT. nDv`lf mkfk/v`lf j-mfm/ <t/Z@k n`@b>vbfbpfpDk`[fbT. k@dc`y/k >mlft`@c
n/Dkq`lf j-mfm/ <t/Z@k n`@b>vbfbpfpDk`[fbT. agf>k>y anftkf k`z@mYmf MHv@dk`[fbT.

oR k`z@my/[T evfv/B k-zft`@cy`lf >t/[fb` >mlft`@cy`lf MZ@my@dk`[fb>t/

avfv/>b oR m/ttft`[f Mtlf n/Qmf ulk`[f k-zft`@cy`l`Rnf>t Tvgfk` >mlft`@cy`lf oR
MZ@my/[ n/q/k MHv@dy >v]fDmf. i@ttft/[f i@bv[f igfK v/clfkqf vz`y/k>v
v/Rgfkqf e[fB kdfd@qy`Dk`[fb/[f.

13
 k]fkQkfK p`@b(h`l/lf) <t[fpdfDv`dfd/lf a[f>b/D amfm/tmf MHv@dnfT v`Dk`[fbT
mBn/qf t-rfkfkm/k Pt`y m/tmf. A[/lf ah`lfl/ EbfpdfD v`dfd/lf apf>p/T ud>[ p`@b
uRv/k`v`Dvt`lf@l. A[/lf t`dfdvdfdm/k cnft`r[f P=m`@y Cbfb`vRmf anftcf CbfB MHv@dnft
v`dfdT. >mLmf atbfKr`y Tlfq`ym/[ ab`v`ylf At/rP=rfvm/[ k]`pfPkQmf ipf>p/T nmfm`dmf
uqfq[.

p`@b <t[fpdfDv`dfd/lf p`@b@ypf p/rftft anft idtft`lf a[f>b/D anft m/ttf@t

MHtfTkf <k/qfk`>b/mf. A[/lf ah`lfl/ EbfpdfDv`dfd/lf oRn/qf Mt[fMtl/k utym/Kmf
anftkf k-zft`@cy`>l>y anft m/ttf@t MHkfk >v]fDmf. apf>p/Tt/[f amf m[/s`LkfKqf
M@by/k v/clfkqf vz`y/k>v v/Rgfkqf e{mf i@bv[`[f kdfd@qkf>kbfp anft m/ttft`@[
M@by/k k-zft`@cy`l`RnfT oR MZ@my/[ n/q`lf TvgfkMHYmf.

k-zft`@cy`lf Mt[fMtl/k oRk`z@m utym/Kmf pKt`@y crfv>tctf >tt`kf>k/D(

International Date Line ) e[fB a@zkfk`>b/mf. P=m`y`lf enft idtft`lf ah`lfl/ Mt[fMtl`lf
@mymf <k/qfk`[fb>t/ anftpf pKt`@y ( Geo Centric Conjunction ) EbfpDmf idmf ( Ground
Position of Moon at Conjunction ) e[fB a@zkfk`>b/mf.

inft idtft`@[Ymf ah`lfl/ agfK EbfpDvt`@[Ymf #r`y k`rk]tft`[f >p/T ulk

mkfkqf a@[vRmf tgfkq`[f k]fkq/>l>y k/]fk`[f>b/mf.

e[>v (p`@bkqf >t/[fBmf) amf m[/s`LkfKqf (M@by/k) v/clfkqf vz`y/k>v v/Rgfkqf;

e{mf i@bv[`[f kdfd@qy`[fpH ah`lfl/ EbfpfpdfDv`dfd/lf anft m/ttf@t oR n/qf
utym/Kmf >tt`kf >k/dfHlf MHkfk >v]fDmf. agfk`Rnf>t mBn/qf Pt`y m/ttf@t Tvgfk
>v]fDmf.

>mLmf alfl/hf@v awfc`kf <k/qfQgfkqf , n-gfkqf <vbfb`y@dYmf <p/RdfD.

i@bv[f tDtftvbf@b v`dfD n`cfcym/k n/mf v`lk`kf <k/qfq >v]fDmf. av[f

Ev`yvbf@b apfpH>y <cylfpDtft >v]fDmf. iTvlfl/T m[Mr[fd/k>v/ alflT >p/Tm/[
w/[m`[fb`>y/ i@bv[`[f kdfd@qkQkfK m/B <cyfypvrfkqf av{@dy t[fd@[@y awfc`kf
<k/qfqdfDmf e[ ab`VBtft` , avfv/B i@bv{kfK awfc` av{@dy kdfd@qkq`[fpH>y
<cyl/bfBgfkqf , ugfkQkfK <vbfb` n`cfcymf e[ v/kfKBt`yq`tfT i@bv[f inft vc[tf@t
MHkfk`[fb/[f.

>n/[fPpf <pRn/qf, hjfj-pf <pRn/qf Ak`y ir]fD <pRn/qf t`[gfkq`Lmf >n/[fP

>n/bfptbfK np`(slf) avrfkqf t@dv`t`tft/rfkqf.

ab`v`pfpvrf : aP=h-@rr/(rl`), Ay`x/(rl`), aP=sy-tf(rl`) ;

N/lf : Msfl`mf.

i[fB i@bv[`[f t`RtfT/trf t`Rnp`(slf) avrfkqf v`dfDcf<c[fb inftkf kdfd@q@y

n`@b>vbfb >v]fHy >nrmf vnfTv`dfdT.

<pRmf p/kfk`yM@dyv[f ; av>[ v`]f]`lf uBt`y/[ m[fdlgfkqf a@mtfT , (at[f

nD>v) oq` v`qkf@kYmf , (anft oq` v`qkfk`[f oq`kf kt`rfkq/lf) ilgfk`kf <k/]fHRkfKmf
cnft`r@[Ymf u]fd/kfk`[/[f. . . . pHpfp`@[ <pb n/Dmf alflT n[fb`Y@dy/r/k iRkfk
v`RmfPmf ovf<v/RvRkfk/kVmf.
(25:61,62) , (10:5,6)

ctft`ytfTd>[>y (u[f[tm/[ uyrfnft oR >n/kfKd[f t[f{@dy t`dfdtft`[fpH>y)

alfl/T alfl/hf ivbf@b p@dkfkv`lf@l; (tKnft At/rgfkq`[f aHpfp@dy`lf tgfkQ@dy
<cylfk@q m/bfb`kf <k/qfqn/Dmf ) klfv`yb`V <pbfb cMt/ytft`bfK (i@bv[`[f) inft
atft/dfc`kq`lf , inftcf c/[fBkq`lf t-rfkm/[ (MH@vtf tRmf) v`qkfkgfkqf uqfq[. (10:5,6)

14
 iyl/@my`[/lf <tq`v`[fb` oR c/t/r[ n`@ly`l`Rnft oR nDn`@lcf cMt/ymf i[fB
i@bv[`[f t`dfdtft`[fpH t-rfkm/[ MHVd[f oR uyrfnft ab`VpfP=rfvm/[ n`@lkfK
uyrftpfpDk`[fb/rfkqf. i@bv[`[f inft t`dfdtft`[f u[f[tm/[ uyrfnft >n/kfkmf n`cfcym/k inft
m/bfbmf i@bnmfp`kf@ky/qrfkQkfK avrfkq`[f nmfp`kf@@y >mLmf vLV=dfdkf $Hyt/kVmf i@b
nmfp`kf@k alfl/>t/rf , i@b n`r/kr`pf>p/rfkQkfK MFm`[fkq`[f inft m/bfbmf oR m`kpf <pRmf
ecfcr`kf@ky/kVmf a@my >v]fDmf e[fpt/ktft/[f iRkfk>v]fDmf.

. . . i[f{mf evrfkqf nmfM@dy atft/dfc`k@q aldfc`ypfpDtft`kf <k/]fHRkfk`[fb/rfk>q/ ,

avrfkqf (tgfkq`[f Pbkfk]`pfp/lf) <pRkfk`kf<k/]fHRnft (t-@m)y`[f MHV , avrfkq`[f
oTgfKm`dmf . . . nrk <nRpfp/Kmf.
(10:,7,8)

n`cfcym/k evrfkqf i@bnmfp`kf@k <k/]fD (i@bv[`[f atft/dfc`k@q EbfBkf<k/]fD)

nbf<cylfkqf Pr`nfT <k/]fHRnft/rfk>q/ avrfk@q , avrfkq`[f nmfp`kf@ky`[f k/r]tft/lf
avrfkQ@dy i@bv[f >nrfvz`y`lf <cLtfTv/[f. aRdf<k/@dkqf n`@bnft Cv[gfkq`lf ,
avrfkQkfKkf k->z ABkqf OHkf<k/]fHRkfKmf; i@bv/! n->y T/yf@my/[v[f e[fp>t agfK
avrfkq`[f Tt`y/k iRkfKmf. >mLmf , c/nft` n`lvdfDmf! e[fp>t avrfkq`[f v/zftft/k iRkfKmf.
>mLmf , ak`lgfkqf a@[tft`bfKmf at`pt`y/[ alfl/hfVkf>k elfl/pf PkZmf! e[fB
Pkzfnftvrfkq/k , MHv/k (avrfkqf a@dnfTv`dfd <pRmfp/kfk`ytft`@[) <vq`pfpDtft`kf <k/]fD
(<pRm`ttft`lf) iRpfp/rfkqff.
(10:9,10)

Im/[f <k/]fdvrfk>q! n-gfkqf alfl/hfVkfK awfCgfkqf; (enfn`@ly`Lmf) >nrf@my/[

<c/lf@l>y <c/lfLgfkqf. (avfv/B <cyfv-rfkq/y`[f) av[f ugfkQkfk ugfkQ@dy k/r`ygfk@q
c-r/kfk` @vpfp/[f; >mLmf ugfkQ@dy Kbfbgfk@q m[f[`pfp/[f; a[fb`Ymf ev[f alfl/hfVkfKmf
av{@dy T/tRkfKmf k-zfpfpHk`[fb/>[/ , av[f mktft/[ <vbfb` a@dnfTv`dfd/[f.
(33:70,71)

stkfklfl/h-lf aq-mf.

15
 : p/kmf 2 :
iTv@ry`lf t`Rm@by`[f T@]<k/]fD ah`lfl/@vpf pbfb`y v`qkfkgfk@qYmf at[f
cdfdgfk@qYmf ab`nfT<k/]f>d/mf. i[` anftcf cdfdgfkq`[f aHpfp@dy`lf ak`lulk cnft`r
n/dfk/dfH ( Universal Lunar Calendar ) evfv/B <t/Kkfkpfpd >v]fDmf e[fp@t c`l
ut/r]gfkq`[f M~lmf v`qgfk`kf <k/qf>v/mf.

inftpf pKt`y`lf at`km/[ ab`v`ylf v`qkfkgfkqf idmf<pRvt/lf at@[pf Pb`nfT<k/qfq

v`RmfPpvrfkQmf , ArfvMqfqvrfkQmf ipfpKt`y`lf at`kkv[mf <cLtft ` pHkfk >v]fDmf.

k-zft`@cy`lf Mt[fMtl/k oRk`z@m utym/Kmf pKt`@y crfv>tc >tt`kf>k/D

(International Date Line) e[fB a@zkfk`>b/mf. iT oRn/@q TvgfKvtbfKmf anftn/@q
MHpfptbfKmf pc`p`kf kdl`[f nDv`lf a{m/[m/k EbfpDtftpfpdfDqfq Orf a@dyqkf >k/Dt/[f
(Imaginery Line ).

e[>v pc`p`kfkdl`[f nDv`lf k`r`pdfH(Kribati) e[fb@zkfkpfpDmf m`kpfprnft

kdlf<vq`y`lf a@mnfTqfq k`r`dfHm/dfH(Kritimati, Christmas Islands) e[fB
a@zkfkpfpDmf t-Vk@q crfv>tc >tt`kf>k/d/k >trfnf<tDtfTkf <k/qfql/m.f E<[[`lf infttft -
Vkqf tgfk@q crfv>tc elf@lkf >k/dfH[f Armfp elf@ky`lf uqfqt/k ab`v`tfT, oR n/q`[f
Tvkfktft`>l>y tgfkQ@dy n/dfk@q k]kfk`dfD vRk`[fb[rf. >mLmf infttf t-Vkq`[f
>nrkfKb`pfPkqf , mbfBmf #r`yutymf pbfb`y tkvlfkqf i@[ytqgfkq`l`RnfT eq`t/k
k`@dtfTv`Dk`[fb[.

e[>v, i@bv[f k/dfHtftRmf elf@ky`lf a@mnfT, crfv>tc elf@lkf >k/dfH[f Mtlf

p`rt`y/kVmf tgfk@q ab`v`tfT kf <k/]fDqfq, inft t-Vk@q>y, oRn/@q TvgfKvtbfKr`y
(M@by/[) v/cl/k EbfBkf <k/qf>v/mf.

m/tgfk@q k]kfk`d i@bv[f vKtfTqfq v`t` M@bk@q ir]fD ut/r]gfk@qkf <k/]fD

v`qgfk`kf <k/qf>v/mf. k-zf k]fd ir]fD m/tgfk@q ut/r]tft`bfK eDtfTkf <k/qf>v/mf.

1.) rml/[f p`@b (1430):

2.) xvfv/lf p`@b (1430):

ab`v`ylf At/rP=rfvm/k, ah`lfl/(Phases of the new moon) EbfpDmf >nrgfkqf

m/tmf, n/qf, >nrmf (Universal Time) e[fb aqV >k/q`lf k]`kfkpfpDk`[fbT.

ab`v`ylf At/rP=rfvm/k (1430)rml/[fp`@by`[f ah`lfl/ August 20 th ,

10:02(U.T) kfK EbfpDk`[fbT. ah`lfl/v`[f cdfdtft`[fpH anft m/ttf@t n/mf crfv>tc
>tt`kf>k/dfHlf t/[f MHkfk >v]fDmf.
(1430)rml/[f p`@by`[f ah`lfl/ EbfpDmf>p/T oR n/@qtf TvgfKvtbfKr`y M@by/[
v/cl/[ crfv>tc >tt`kf>k/dfHlf (k`r`dfHm/dfH Kritimati)y`lf e[f[ >nrmf e[fp@t Mtl`lf
ab`nfT <k/qf>v/mf.

cnft`r[`[f m[fs`lfkqf, l[fd@[ @mym/k <k/]fD ab`v`kfkpfpDmf (U.T. / G.M.T)

>nrgfkq`>q>y k]`kfkpfpDk`[fb[. e[>v k`r`dfHm/dfHy`[f >nrgfk@q ab`nfT <k/qfq U.T.
Yd[f 14 m]` >nrgfk@q $dfHkf <k/qfq >v]fDmf.
At/vT,

16
Local time
in Date Line(Kritimati) = U.T + 14 hr.

ipf>p/T (1430)rml/[f ah`lfl/v`[f >p/T anft v/cl`[f n`@l e[f[ e[fp@t ab`nf
<k/qf>v/mf.

Phases of Local time in Date Line

New Moon (U.T) Kritimati(U.T + 14)

20th Aug. 10:02 21st Aug. 00:02

Aksfdf 20mf >tt` (U.T.) 10:02 m]`kfK ah`lfl/ EbfpDmf >p/T, n/dfk@q
TvgfKvtbfKr`y M@by/[ v/clf v`y/z[f nDirv`lf iRkfKmf. e[>v anft v`y/zkfk`z@m@y
xFp/[f m/ttft`[f k@dc`n/q/k agfK MHtfTv`dfD mBn/qf 21mf >tt` <vqfq`kfk`z@m pjr`l`RnfT
rml/[f 1 anft >tt`kf>k/dfHl`RnfT Tvgfk`d >v]fDmf.

i[` xvfv/lf(1430), at/vT >n/[fPpf <pRn/qf epf>p/T e[fp@t ab`nfT <k/qf>v/mf.

ab`v`ylf At/rP=rfvm/k (1430)xvfv/lf p`@by`[f ah`lfl/

September 18 th , 18:44(U.T) kfK EbfpDk`[fbT. apf>p/T,

Phases of Local time in Date Line

New Moon (U.T) Kritimati(U.T + 14)

18th Sept. 18:44 19 th Sept. 08:44

<cpfdmffprf 18mf >tt` (U.T.)18:44m]`kfK ah`lfl/ EbfpDmf>p/T, n/dfk@q TvgfKvtbfKr`y

M@by/[ v/cl`lf 19mf >tt` c[`kfk`z@m (k/@l) 08:44m]`y/k iRkfKmf. e[>v anft
c[`kfk`z@m@y rml/[f m/ttft`[f k@dc` n/q/k MHtfTv`dfD, mBn/qf 20mf >tt` w/y`bfBkfk`z@m
pjr`l`RnfT xvfv/lf 1 anft >tt`kf>k/dfHl`RnfT Tvgfk`d >v]fDmf. e[>v ulkmf
a@[tft`bfKmf <cpfdmfprf 20mf >tt` w/y`bfBkfk`z@m <pRn/q/Kmf.

17
Universal Islamic Calendar Hijri 1430 : (2009):

Ahillah of the Position at Date Zone Islamic Islamic month

new moon (UT+14hr) Month begins
Date Time (Kritimati) on
(UT)
20 th Aug-09 10:02 21st 00:02 21st Aug Ramadhan 1
(30days)
18 th Sept-09 18:44 19th 08:44 20th Sept Sawwal 1
(29days)
18 th Oct-09 05:33 18th 19:33 19th Oct Dhul-quida 1
(30days)
16 th Nov-09 19:14 17th 09:14 18th Nov Dhul-Haj 1
(29days)
16 th Dec-09 12:02 17th 02:02 17th Dec Muharram 1
(30days)

Note : All Datas of Phases of New Moon are collected from websites of U S Navel
Observatory. For Sunrise and local timing refer www.timeanddate.com

Kb`pfP :
( P=m`y`lf enft idtft`lf ah`lfl/ Mt[fMtl`lf @mymf <k/qfk`[fb>t/ anftpf pKt`@y
(Geo Centric Conjunction) EbfpDmf idmf ( Ground Position of Moon at Conjunction )
e[fB a@zkfk`>b/mf. inft idtft`@[Ymf ah`lfl/ agfK EbfpDvt`@[Ymf #r`y k`rk]tft`[f
>p/T ulk mkfkqf a@[vRmf tgfkq`[f k]fkq/>l>y k/]fk`[f>b/mf. np`(slf) avrfkQmf
#r`yk`rk]tf@tkf k]fHRkfk`b/rfkqf. apf>p/T c`bpfPtf <t/Z@kk@qYmf ab`VpfPcf
<cyft`Rkfk`[fb/rfkqf.

A[/lf oR>p/Tmf a[f>b/D anft m/tmf anftidtft`lf MHnfTv`dfdT e[f>b/ alflT

k`rk]mf Ebfpdfd anft idtft`lf #r`y[f m@bnft p`[f[rf p`@bp/rfkfk Mybfc`kf k >v]fDmf e[f>b/
enft ab`v`pfPmf <cyfyv`lf@l. anft idtft`lf mBn/qf Pt`ym/ttf@t TvgfKvtbfK enft
agfk`h/rMmf aq`kfkv`lf@l.

A[/lf ah`lfl/ @mymf<k/qfQmf idtft`@[ (Gr.Position at conjunction)

a@dy/qm`dfD agfK #r`y[f m@bv`bfKpf p`[f[rf c`lv`[/Hkqf alflT c`ln`m`dgfkQkfKpf
p`[f[>r cnft`r[f m@bk`[fbT. e[>v anft idtft`lf mBn/qf Pt`ym/tmf <t/dgfk`v`Dk`[fbT e[fb
aHpfp@dy`lf c`l k/l]fdrfkqf <t/KkfkpfpdfD tm`zf n/dfHlf <vq`y`dpfpdfD vRk`[fb[.

inft aHpfp@dy`lf <t/KtfT vzgfkpfpDmf k/l]fdrfkqf (1). At/rmbfb@v. atbfK

np`vz`y`lf At/rm`lf@l i@b>vttft`lf t@d uqfqT. (2). Gr.Position e[fb idtft`lf #r`y[f
m@bnft p`[f[>r cnft`r[f m@bk`[fbT. A[/lf agfK p`@b uRv/KvtbfK c/tft`y>m ilf@l.
it@[ k-zfvRmf pdgfkq`[f M~lmf v`qgfk`kf <k/qfql/mf. At/rP=rfvm/[ at`kpfpHy/[
v`qkfkgfk@q UNITED STATE NAVAL OBSERVATORY y`[f i@[y tqtft`l`RnfT
<pbfBkf<k/qfql/mf. (3). ah`lfl/ , anftm/tmf MHVkfK vnfTv`dfdT e[fptbfK a@dy/qmf.
A[/lf inftkf k/l]fdrfkq`[f <t/Kpfp`[fpH ah`lfl/ EbfpDvtbfK M[f[>r Pt`ym/tmf
<t/dgfk`v`Dk`[fbT.

18
 ut/r]mf : xvfv/lf (1430) , <cpfdmfprf 18mf >tt` Y[`vrfclf @dmf 18:44kfK at/vT
l[fd[`[f >nrtft`[fpH <vqfq`kfk`z@m m/@l 6:44 m]`kfK v`[f[`lf ah`lfl/ EbfpDk`[fbT.
apf>p/T anft >nrtft`lf >tt`kf>k/dfHl`RnfT p`j` , n`Ys`l/nf , asft`>rl`y/ , jpfp/[f ,
inf>t/>[s`y/ , m>ls`y/ v@ry`lf uqfq k-zft`@c n/Dkqf c[`kfk`z@my`[f >n/[fp`l`Rpfp/rf kqf.
avrfk@qpf <p/btftv@ry`lf anft >nrtft`bfK oRn`m`dmf M[f[rf v@ry`lf ah`lfl/ Ebfpdv`lf@l.

A[/lf inftkf k/l]fdrfkq`[f aHpfp@dy`lf ah`lfl/v`bfK mBn/qf 19mf >tt`

c[`kfk`z@m xvfv/lf 1 e[fb/lf inftkf k-zft`@c n/Dkqf ah`lfl/ EbfpDvtbfK M[f[>r
<pRn/qf <k/]fd/d >v]fHvRmf. iT arftmbfbT , EbfP@dytlfl. (2:189) kdfd@qy`DvT >p/lf
ah`lfl/ EbfdfDv`dfd/lf anft m/ttf@t M@by/[ v/cl`lf MHtfTv`dfD at/vT >tt`kf>k/dfHlf
c[`kfk`z@m@y MHtfTv`dfD mBn/qf w/y`bfBkfk`z@m 20mf >tt` xvfv/lf 1lf t/[f <pRn/qf
<k/]fd/dpfpd >v]fDmf.

1.ah`lfl/v`[f >p/T :

igfK P=m` , cnft`r[f , #r`y[f Ak`y M~[fB >k/qfkQmf oR >nrf >k/dfHbfkfK vRk`[fbT.
G : Geo Centric Conjuntion ( Ground Position of Moon)

2). Gr.Position at Sunset:-

(P=m`y`lf ah`lfl/ Mt[fMtl`lf @mymf <k/]fd pKt` #r`y asftmtf@t a@dYmf >p/T)

19
inft idtft`lf #r`y[f m@bv`bfK p`[f[rf t/[f cnft`r[f m@bk`[fbT A[/Lmf agfK anft
>nrtft`lf p`@b uRv/KvtbfK evfv`ttft`Lmf c/tft`ym`lf@l.

ah`lfl/ e{mf p`@bkqf >t/[fBmf m[/s`lf EbfpdfD Mt[f Mtl/k PTpf p`@b
uBv/KvtbfK ab`v`ylf At/rgfkq`[fpH m`kkf m`kkf K@bnft aqV 10 Hk`r` #r`y{kfKmf
cnft`r{kfKmf i@dy`lf i@d<vq` (elongation) EbfpdfHRkfk >v]fDmf. avfv/B uRv/Kmf
PTpfp`@b ulk`bfK k/dfc`yq`pfptbfK m`kkf m`kkf K@bnft aqV 12l`RnfT 15 m]` >nrMmf at`kpf
pdfcmf 2 n/dfkQmf Ak`v`Dk`[fbT. e[>v inft idtft`lf ( Ground Position of Moon) lf
#r`y asftmtft`bfK p`[f[>r cnft`r[f m@bnft/Lmf apf>p/T p`@bp`bkfkv`lf@l.
At/rmf : (United State Navel Observatory )

20
alfl/hfv`[f t`Rpf<pyr/lf . . . . . av[f aqvbfb aRq/q[ff n`hr`lfl/kf kR@[y/q[f.

Pkzf a@[tfTmf alfl/hfVkf>k ,

asfsl/M al@kfKmf(vrhf vprk/tfTK) ,

i@b>vttf@tYmf , t`RtfT/trf(slf) avrfkq`[f vz`k/dfDt@lYmf mdfD>m At/rm/k@vtfT

ah`lfl/ n/dfk/dfH@y AyfV<cyfT ugfkqf M[f eDtfT@vkfk`[f>b[f. ugfkQ@d uyrfv/[
kRtfTkQmf , pr`c`l@[kQmf mdfD>m inft Ayfv`[f n`@l@y t-rfm/]`kfKmf.

k-zfvRmf Mkvr`kq`lf <t/drfP<k/]fD ugfkQ@dy uyrfv/[ kRtfTk@q <tr`v`kfKm/B

>v]fHkf <k/qfk`>b[f.

E.mail : ahillah@in.com

Post Mail: 354.E1, Sanganoor Road,

Ganapathy. Post
Coimbatore. 641 006.

Cell : 9894665900 ( 10.00 p.m to 12.00 p.m)

ugfkqf c>k/tr[f,

Msftp/ km/lf.

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