kmu'jf a;{s clGtd a]nfoF kf]nf{/ e}g u'g}

k'g' Oo kflAgs] sfG5f kflAgs ?koF dfGtf;a\ .

kmfu'jfoF kmu'jfs} lut lubftf;a\ / luts ;fFlxg
8Dkm' afhftf;a\ / kmu'jfs gfr gfRtf;a\ b/};a\ .
cfkmGt cfkmGtlaroF /fD/;DaGw /lx/fv';\ slx
;e}h]gf / nfuftf;a\ / df]b /lS; df5df;' v}tf;a\ .
kmu'jfs lbg lr/bfxf snf{/ rng af6} . b/}
a]6f;e]OF kmu'jf cfOs] st] cf3' sl/a b'O xKtf
k/Dk/f;] g} b/};e]OF laleGg rf0fkflAg dfgft]cfu'lx;] ;fFem k|To]Ss 3/ 3/oF hfOs'g 8Dkm'
cfO/t] af6} . Oo kflAg;a\
cfkm\g} lsl;d;]afhfOs'g kmu'jf k9\tf;a\ / gfrufg stf{;a\ . c;]
dfgfnf/ rng Oo ;dfhoF cf6} hf]g b/} hflts hflto ;fFem 3/3/oF hfOs'g df]b v}t] 8Dkm' afhfOs'g
klxrfg xv} . sf]nf} rf0fkflAgs] h]7f kflAg tgfrufg stf{;a\ . pqmkf5' k'g]{jf st] Ps lbg cf3'
sf]nf} kflAgs] sfG5f kflAg slx dfGtf;a\ . Oo w]/}lr/bfxfs lbg /flt ;e}s 3/3/oF 8Dkm' afhfOs'g
kflAg dWo] kmfu'g dlxgfoF knf{/ kflAg kmu'jfgfRt] lubft] sl/s'g x/]Ss 3/;] Ps Ps d'l7 v/
b/};e}OF sfG5f kflAg slx dfGtf;a\ . b/}};e]OFlemlss'g / PS6f cf0ff / k'/fg x/ n]Os'g lr/ afgfOs]
w'dwfd;] 8Dkm' afhfOs'g gfrufg / /;/\ sl/s'g h}tf;a\ . lr/ rflx ufpFs glhs} vfln 7fpoF
kmu'jf cfOs] st] ;ft lbg cf3'lx;] g} dflgs] ;'? agftf;a\ . tf]l/s ul6of / v/]OF s'/ hlxg afgftf;a\ /
stf{;a\ . kmfu'g dlxgfoF kmu'jf dfgfnf/ rngpqmfOs] lr/ snf/ rng af6} . lr/ emf]:nf/ a]nfs]
e}g]x'g\ sf]nf} dlxgf sg] r}toF k'g' ltly cg';f/ lr/ leT/ Psh]gf k'hfl/OF k'hf sl//flvt\ / afxf/;]
kf]l/s] ;lst\ .
cflu ;'GufOb]Ot\ . / pj k'hfl/ rfrf0f} afxf/ lgl:st\ .
lr/ emf]:ns cs{ lbg a]x]g 9'8]l/ snf/ rng af6} pj
a]x]g rf0f} lr/ hf/fn 7fpoF hfOs'g lr/s rf/}kl6
8Dkm' afhfOs'g gfRtf;a\ . lr/s vf/flgs l6sf
nfufOs'g 3/ kms{tf;a\ / 3/ cfOs'g uf]v|tf;a\ .
3/oF df;' eft / df]b /lS; v}tf;a\ / ;e}b/} a]6f;a\
Ps 7fp hDdf e}tf;a\ / 8Dkm's] l;\u|ftf;a\.

b/}s s'nk'hf / kflAg

sfG5f kflAg
kmu'jf

k'g]{jf st] cfu'lx;] ha cfpl; kn{ lalys} kmu'jf

kl0fs] ;'? st]{/lx / k'g]{jf st] Pslbg cf3' lr/tfxf
lbg 3/3/;] v/, cf0ff, sf7 / x/ufp;] afxf/ n]lhs'g lr/
afgfOs'g n]l;s] h}t]/lx . lr/ emf]:nf/ a]nfs] ;'s/s]
hf]ufOs'g k'a]{ ;'s/ cf6}sg] k5\5] emf]l;s] / ;'s/
k5\5] cf6}sg] k'a]{ emf]:t] /lx . lr/ emf]l;s] st]
cf3' ltG6f l6lV6 ufl0fs'g 3/ ufl0fs'g pl5 cf0ff
/flvs'g k'h]l/OF k'hf st]{/x} / rGb'jf/;] lemlss'g
cfGn vx/ k'h]l/s rf/}kl6 /fVt] /lx / k'hfl/OF leT/;]
cflu nfufOs'g afxf/ lg:st]/x} /px} cflu lr/s
rf/}kl6 cflu 3'dfOs'g lr/ emf]:t] /lx / ;fd'; slx lut
lubft]/lx . cs{ lbg 8km' afhfOs'g gfRt]/lx . t/
8Dkm'oF dh'/s kflv 3flns'g l/ag]OF l;\u|fnpg]g]OF cfrfn cf]:g sl/s] 5fl0fnfn} slx b'vdflgs]
e}t\ . ;e}h]gf 8Dkm' n]Os'g 3/ 3/oF kmu'jfe}t\ .
v]nft] lx7\tf;a\\ . Oo a]nf 8Dkm' afhfOs'g kmu'jfs lbg lr/ hf/fns a]x]g lr/s] rf/}kl6
kmu'jf lut lubfs'g gfRtf;a\ /\ / cla/ cfkm\Gt;a\s] 3'lds'g px} vf/flgs l6sf nfufOs'g a]6f;a\ uf]lv|s]
nfuftf;a\ . hf]g hf]g 3/oF gflrs] h}tf;a\ pj 3/oF h}nf/ rng af6} . / cfu'lx o;]sl/ uf]lv|;lss'g ufpoF
df]b /lS; k'g' v}tf;a\ . Oo gfr cs{ lbg k'g'lhDbf/s 3/oF hfOs'g / pl5Gsf n]Os'g 3/ hfOs'g
dfGtf;a\ Oo lbgs] r}tfjl/ snf/ rng af6} . r}tfjl/sv}nf/ s'/f;a\ v}nf/ rng /x} / cfu'lxs cg';f/
lbg k'g' 8Dkm' afhfOs'g gfrufg sl/s'g w'dwfd;] kmu'jfoF 3/oF a]l6;e]OF cla/ / / a]6fs]
nfufOs'g d'0foF nfufn 6f]lk n'l6s'g 3/leT/
dfgftf;a\ .
k/Dk/fut ?k;] dfgft] cfO/t] kmu'jf kflAg olVgn]Hnf/ rng /x} . c;] a]6fOF cfkm\g ;Sn k};f
w]/} b/} ufpoF 8Dkm' afhfOs'g dfgfOs] a]l6s] b]Os] kt]{/x} / 6f]lks hTsf d'No kn{af6}
5fl0f;Sn s'/f cf6} slx d+unk'/ lrtfjgs blb/fdcf]TsfOF k};f clgjfoF b]Os] kt]{/x} . o;]sl/ cfu'lx
b/}OF cfu'lxs hlxg olVg b/};e]OF kmu'jf gfOb/} ;dfhoF kmu'jf kflAgs] lgs} /dfOn / /;/\
dfg} snf/ s'/f sl/s] e}t\ . pg]g]OF cfu'lx t xfd]

sl/s'g dfgft] cfO/xt] kmu'jf cfrfn sg] o:g rngrlNtn]lgof km'njf . o;]sl/ Oo lut lubftf;a\ . Oo
5fl0fnn} cf6} .
lut;a\oF efsf b/} s'/foF e}g]x'g\ ;Ab;a\ c? yf?
kmu'jf w]/} ufpoF cfu'lxs hlxg gfrufg / 8km' ef;foF kfptflx s]:jf yf? ef;f xv} sg] OS/ b/}
afhfOs] 5fl0f;Sn e}g]x'g\ d+unk'/ lrtfjgs ef;foF af/ stflx . cf]l;gsl/ b]vf] snf/ ;Ab k'g' b/}
b/};e]OF Oo kflAgoF hf]ufOs] nflu cem} k'g's'/foF x]l/s] snf/ e}t\ t/ Ol5 ;Ab km/s af6} .
8km' afhfOs'g lut lubfOs'g dfgftflx slx kmu'jfcf]:g};] cs{ af6} . 5jl0f rnn klgxf/ ha'gf hne/
gfrs cu'jf blb/fd b/} slxs] e}t\ . kmu'jfs]g}vf] hft . cf]xjf;] ;of]uf]l6 rlnb]ln ;j/f] . nfu] /ft
b/};e]OF lut lubfg] km]l/ lut cfkm\g} b/} ef;foFaxf/ e}n] 7f0f ha'gf hne/f] g}vf] hft . cf]xjf;]
lubft] gfO;'lglx a? yf? ef;fs luts ;Ab;a\ ;'Gtflx .;of]uf]l6 rlnb]ln ;j/f] . ;vlx lk/ e}n] 7f0f ha'gf
Oo lutoF k'g' o:g ;Ab;a\ cf6} hf]g b/} s'/f;] clns hne/f] g}vf] hft .
km/s cf6} . kmu'jfs] ;e} 3/kl/jf/oF / v]nfOs'g
o:g} lut;a\ / /gsnfu] emgs nfu] /l;of lagf
dfgftf;a\ sg] 3/s dfg';\;a\ Ps} 7fp 3/oF af]l;s'g xf] snf/ k'g' lub lubftf;a\ . Oo lub ;'Gt] vgf b/}
df;'eft, df]b v}tf;a\ / cfkm\Gts] k'g' af]nftf;a\ ef;foF no e}g]x'g ;AboF rflx b/} ;Ab cf]Tsf k|
kmu'jfs lbg / dfgdh]{b;] vfglkg sf/ftf;a\ .of]u e}n gfO kflx . h]e}g]x'g\ b/} ;dfhoF Oo
kmu'jfs] b/};e]OF sfG5f kflAgs ?koF dfgftf;a\ .kmu'jfs] gflrs'g / vfglkg sl/s'g dfgfnf/ rng 5Fb}
Oo kflAg ;fn}el/ dfgfnf/ kflAg dWo] clGt kflAg af6} . Oo kmu'jfs lbg ;e} b/} ufpoF 8Dkm'
e}n u'g} Oo kflAgs] sfG5f kflAg slx stf;a\ afhfOs'g kmu'jf dflgs] 5fl0fnfn} af6} . o;]sl/ lut
b/};a\ . kmu'jfs] lubfnf/ lut b/} ;AboF gfOlubfOs'g 8km' afhfOs'g gfRnf/ rng k'g' x]/fO
e}g]x'g\ efsf rflx ldlns] hfOt\ . kmu'jfoF b/}nfn} kfptflx Oo b/} ;dfhoF .
;e]OF o:g slx lut lubftf;a\ .
l;d/f km'n] xfd ph]/ b]vf] km'nof km'n]s] Ps]
l;\uf/ km'njf xfn]/] n]lgdf n]lgof km'njf . km'njf
xfn]/] n]lgdf n]lgof km'njf . s]:jf km'n] xd] ph]/
b]vf km'nof km'n]s] Ps] l;\uf/ km'njf xfn]/]
n]lgdf n]lgof km'njf . c;/f] km'n] xfd] ph]/ b]vf]b/}s s'nk'hf / kflAg
km'nof km'n]s] Ps] l;\uf/ km'njf xfn]/] n]lgdf

k/Dk/fut
agf{ k'hf

x/xl/

lrtjg . k|s[lt k'\hs b/} hfltOF ufp3/\s ;'/5f,

aflngflns /fD/ pAhlg / 3/oF kfNn k;';a\s ;'/5f
ep;\ slxs'g w]/} a;{kf5' d+unk'/ lrtjg\s
b/};e]OF
3/s
;e}
sfd
/f]lss'g
x/xl/
agf{ dfgfn;a\ .

w]/} a;{;] agf{ sl/s] 5f0f\n d+unk'/!, lrtjg\s

;e} b/};a\ o;kN6 x/xl/ agf{ dfgfn;a\ . Oo ufps
b/};e]OF cu'lx;] dfGt] cfO/t] agf{ k'hf clns a;
{ k'hf sl/s] 5f0f\n /xt\;a\ . ufp3/\s /5f / aflngfln /
3/oF kfNn k;';a\ em'gs]xfp ep;\ / Oo k'hf sg]
{l;t /5f e}t\ slx la:jf; sl/s'g k'hf snf{/ rng af6} .
Oo k'hf a;{s PskN6 c;f/ dlxgfoF c;fl/
agf{ sl/;lss'g Oo agf{ snf{/ rng af6} .
Oo ufpoF *! 3/w'l/oF %&) hgf hg;+Vof
af6} . ;e} b/} ;a\ ldlns'g o;kN6 /fD/;]
agf{ dfgfn;a\ . ufp;] afxf/ afl/ jf v]toF PS6f

7fpoF kfy/ e'FOoF /flvs'g pj kfy/s] gflGx yf]K/f b/}s} 3/kl/jf/]OF b]n cf6} px} 7fpoF d+unk'/\s
afgfn e}t\ / px} 7fps]] a/dyfg\s b]ptfs ?koF;e} b/} ldlns'g @% xhf/\s nuflg sl/s'g a/dyfg\s
dfGtf;a\ . a/dyfgoF PS6f d'n
hu]gf{ sl/s] nflu tf/\s a]/f nfufn af6t\;a\ . o;kN6
a/dyfg,cs{ cfxfl/ afxfl/ 8'n'jfs yfg / t];| hlvg yfg agf{ k'hfs] ufpel/s} ;e} b/} cOn /xt\;a\ agf{s
sl/s'g ltG6f yfg e}t\ . k|To]s yfgoF km/s km/slbgoF ufpoF sf]nf} lsl;d\s sfd 3/ jf v]toF lgh
vfNs k'hf / ef]u rf9ftf;a\ . d'n a/dyfgs nl3 PS6fsn{ ;a\ . Oo lbgoF v]tafl/oF sfd gfOsl/s] uf]?
a]n jf lkkl/s ?v e}t\ / d'n a/dyfgoF PS6f af]sf / uf0ff gfO rfnfOs] / x/ gfO hf]lts] snf/ dfGotf
k/]jfs ef]u rf9ftf;a\ . a/dyfgs} nl3 PS6f gflGx af6} .
yf]k|f afgfn e}t\ pS/fOs] cfxfl/ afxfl/ 8'n'jf yfg
slx stf{;a\ / a/dyfg\s clns cufxf cs{ kfy/e}t\ / pj
kfy/\s ;fFlxg e'OFoF PS6f x/ uf0f\n e}t\ . Oo
yfgs] hlvg stf;a\ . Oo yfgoF lgV/f shfl0f lr\lg
rf9ftf;a\ . PS6f u'/f} af]nfOs'g a;{oF PskN6 c;f/
dlxgfs] /fD/;] a0f\s k'hf c;fl/ agf{ sl/;Sg]kf/ x/]s
cfpl; s] k'h]l/OF k'hf sl/s] kl/t\ t/ agf{s a]nfoF
u'/f} clgjfo{ af]nfOs] kl/t\ / u'/f}j]OF a/dyfgoF
k'hf sl/;Sg]l;t\ ufps dfg';\;e]OF af]sf / lr\lg
rf9fOs'g k'hf stf{;a\ / Psh]gf k'Hx]l/ rflxt\ . pj
k'Hx]l/OF a/dyfgs] /]vb]v / x/]s cfpl;s] k'hf
sl//flvs] kl/t\ . a;{s PskN6 k'hf sl/;Sg]l;t\ sflts
dlxgfs] sflts] x'g]jf slx aflngflns] k'hf slx px}
a/dyfgoF Pshf]/ k/]jf k'Hx]l/OF rf9fOs] kl/t\ .
a/dyfgs] /]vb]v / k'hf sl/s] nflu ufps ;e}b/}
;e]OF ;/;Nnfx sl/s'g
d+unk'/s} /d]; b/}s]
k'Hx]l/ /fVn af6t\;a\ . Oo a/dyfg afgfOs] /
p5lxg\ yfg /flvs] nflu rf/ w'/ hUxf k'g' px} /d];

b/}s s'nk'hf / kflAg

lth kflAgs cfkm\g} rng

b/} ;dfho
a;]{lg efbf} dlxgfoF knf{/ lth kflAg b/}
a]l6;e]OF k/Dk/f;] g} dfGt] cfO/t] cf6} .
hdf{l7oF a]6f / a]l6OF at{ af]l;s'g dfgftf;a\ sg]
lthoF a]l6;a\ dT/} at{ af]l;s'g dfgfnf/ rng af6} .
hdf{l7oF sn}{ hlxg lthoF k'g stf{;a\ . lth cfOs]
b/} ;e]OF Oo ufpoF cfu'lx;] agf{ st]{ cfO/t]st] Ps xKtf cfu'lx g} b/} a]l6;a\ ufpF 6f]nfoF lth
xv} / Oo agf{ sg]{l;t\ ufp3/s /R5 e}t\,dfgfOs] nflu lths leQfoF n]lvs] nflu Ps hgfs 3/s
aflngfln /fD/ kmfl/t\ aflngflnoF ls/f;a\ gfO nfu}, leQf dfUtf;a\ . k/\t]s a;{ cs}{ cs}{ 3/\s letf
e't\ lkrf;]OF ufpoF sS/fps] gfO lk/} snf/ s'/foF df\nf/ rng cf6} . 3/\s pT/]s letf df\tf;a\ . df\n
la:jf; n]Os'g Oo k'hf st]{ xlvlx slx d+unk'/! sleQs] /fd|;] ;kmf kfl/s'g lnkkf]t stf{;a\ / lths
a/dyfg k'hf ;ldlts cb5] l77'/fd b/}OF slxs] e}t\ .jt{ a:nf/ lbgs Ps lbg cf3' lbltofoF a]x]lglx a]l6 /
dO gflGxoF yfxf kfpnf/ / a'emnf/ a]nflx;] g} 5f}l0f;a\ nfxf v}tf;a\ x;] lth dfGnf/ 3/s leQfs]
P;]sl/ c;fl/ k'hf cfu'lx st]{ slx yfxf af6} cu'lx t xl/o uf]a/;] lgKtf;a\ . ;fFem ;e}h]gf yl/yl/s ;fjfb
xfd] 3/3/oF xf]/ rf]/fOs'g a/dyfgoF ufl0fs]e}n b/ kfsftf;a\ / dWo /flt 5f}l8 / a]l6;a\ b/
cfGt]/lx, PskN6 t d]/ nf}7fOF x/ rf]/fOs'gv}tf;a\ / cs{ lbg cyjf lths lbg a]l6;a\ uf]v|tf;a\ .
n]Hn;a\ slx l77'/fd b/}OF cfkm\g ef]Un yklth dfgfnf/ 3/s leQfs] km]l/ xl/o uf]a/]OF
s'/f ;'gfOs] e}n/x} . a/dyfgoF k'hf sl/s] clns a;{lgKtf;a\ . cFuf/ / lt/f}lns kft d];fOs'g lk:n
5f0f\n /x} 5f0f\n a]nfs] ufps dfg';\;a\s] a]:s]shfl0f /Fu]OF letfs] b'O ld6/ 7f8f] / b'Old6/ t];f]
lk/t]/x} t/ cfrfn gfO lk/} slx pg]gs sxgf af6} . { kfl/s'g px} /Fu]OF lth\s letfs] /Ffuftf;a\ .

cf]l;gsl/ rfp/ s'l6s'g lk7f afgftf;a\ / px} lk7f b'Nxfs uf]0f\s kflg k'g' v}t] /xt\;a\ . t/ cfrfn sg]
3f]l/s'g 3f]n{ lk7foF ;'tfs] lehfOs'g shfl/ leQfoFo:g sl/s] 5fl0f;Sn af6t\;a\ . l5kfoF cl5tf /flvs'g
rf/ kf6] b'S6f uf]/ wsf{ tfGtf;a\ . /Stfl/ /\oF ;'tfkfnf aftf{;a\ / afl/s Ps 8]0fxft emf;lxt\s lv/f
lehfOs'g ;'tfOF laroF /Stfl/ w;f{ lrtf{;a\ . c;]6f]l/s'g cfGtf;a\ . laxf lghe}n 5f}l0f;e]OF pj
af;\s l;GsfoF ;'tf u'6]Os'g uf]/f] 3]/f nfufnlv/fs] 5fjf afgftf;a\ / laxf e}Nn a]l6;e]OF lv/f
shfl/ /f\ufn letfoF wj/, 3fd, j/lkk/s ?v, xfly, 6f]l/s] gfO k/} lagf lv/fs l5kfoF c5]tf / kfnf
u}0ff, af3 efn', lrt'jf,ufO{ uf]? dh'/, 8fFkm], n]Os'g km]l/ lth3/ h}tf;a\ . at{af]:n a]l6;a\ / c?
dxfb]j kfa{lt / hfGn;dg\s ;e} lsl;ds lhjhGt';As a'0ffa'l0f / s]6s]l6;a\ k'g' /dfOn x]l/s] lth3/
lrq;a\ afgftf;a\ . letfs 3]/f nfufn\s pK/ sf]Gw/oF h}tf;a\ . at{af]:n a]l6;e]OF cfGn c5]tf kfnf /
b}g]kl6 wj/ / afcf]kl6 3fd\s lrT/ afgftf;a\ / pS/ lv/fs] lrT/ n]Vn letfoF n:s/} nfOg ldnfOs'g
t/kl6 a/ / lklK/s ?v\s lrT/ n]Vtf;a\ pS/} t/ c? ;e} /fVtf;a\ .
lrT/;a\ afgfn e}t\ . cf]:g};] pN6] hf]lu k'g' afgfn pl5 cn a'0ffa'l0f dWo] b'O h]gfOF hf]g]OF
e}t\ . Oo lrT/s cfkm\g} la;]:tf / dxTj af6} . lth\sdxfb]j\s syf hfGn e}t\ p;e]OF cfu'lx s:s] lth
letfoF lrT/ afgfO;lss'g kft e}n b'S6f s]/fs 8fd /dfgft]/xT;a\ / ;To h'uoF dxfb]j]OF sn{ sfds s'/fs
b'S6f k]nuf sfl6s'g cfGtf;a\ / leQfoF n]Vn syf ;'gftf;a\ . syf cf]/fO;Sg]kf/ k'hf stf{;a\ / 3/;]
7fpFoF 78]Os'g /fVtf;a\ / sfRr ;'tfOF b'x} 5]joFcfGn kmnkm'Ns kmnfxf/ v}tf;a\ . kmnfxf/
k'Unf/ sl/s'g km'ndfnf ufFl;s'g b'x} 5]joFvfO;Sg]kf/
cfkm\g
ef;foF
P;]sl/ xn]ls
aflgs'g em'G8ftf;a\ / dxfb]j uf}l/ kfa{lts laroF dxfn]ls ;t\d a]l/ km'njf . hfx}g b]p afa} ej/f xf]
knf{/ sl/s'g lrT/s t/ PS6f sf7s lk/f /fVtf;a\ /f]Kn u'lGh/n x] . lut lubftf;a\ . cf]:g};] v; ef;foF
wfg pVgfOs'g cfGtf;a\ / px} lk/foF /fVtf;a\ .k'g' lut lubfOs'g /ftel/ gfrufg sl/s'g /ftlatftf;a\ .
a]nkq blNkms km'nf pl5lxg /fVtf;a\ . Oo sfdpS/ cs{ lbg a]x]g s]/fs 8fd, 78\l8, km'ndfnf /
;ls;Sg]l;t\ ;e}h]gf cfkm\g 3/ h}tf;a\ / ;fFemkl6c5]tf;a\ ;e} vf]nfoF af]xftf;a\ . vf]nfoF
cfkm\g 3/oF kmnkm'n v}tf;a\ / laxf e}Nnaf]xfOcf]xfOs'g 3/ ctf;a\ / 5fjf afgfn lv/fs] dl;g
a]l6;e]OF cfkm\g b'Nxf / ;f;' ;;'/]s] ;]jf nfUtf;a\ /lr/f kfl/s'g pj ufps kt]{s 3/oF PsPs lr/f af0ftf;a\ .
laxf lghe}Nn 5f}l0f;e]OF cfdf a'af /hf]g 3/oF lth dfgfn pj 3/\s dfg';]OF xfF; lr\lg
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