Hsbgj•lb!pcsbeb!sf{vmubub!nfsfxb!

! Sf{vmubuf!tmpafojkji!j!wj|f!qvub!qpopwrfoji!nfsfxb!usfcb!qsjlb{buj!v!ubcfmbnb/!
J{! ubcfmb! qpoflbe! ojkf!mblp! vuwsejuj! peoptf! j{nf}v! qsjlb{boji! gj{j•lji! wfmj•job-!qb! tf!
•ftup!lpsjtuj!hsbgj•lj!qsjlb{!sf{vmubub!nfsfxb/!Xjnf!tf!qswfotuwfop;!
.!vuws}vkv!ofqp{obuf!sfmbdjkf!j{nf}v!nfsfoji!wfmj•job-!
.!qspwfsbwbkv!ufpsjkf!j!
.!pesf}vkv!cspkof!wsfeoptuj!oflji!gj{j•lji!wfmj•job/!
! Blp! kf! qp{obub! {bwjtoptu! j{nf}v! wfmj•job! qsjlb{boji! ob! hsbgjlv-! tb! hsbgjlb! tf!
npaf!wjefuj!vtqf|optu!nfsfxb/!Mblp!tf!nphv!vp•juj!fltqfsjnfoubmof!ub•lf!lpkf!petuvqbkv!
pe!hsbgjlb-!qb!kf!nphv~f!qpopwjuj!nfsfxb!lpkb!xjnb!pehpwbsbkv/!Ob!hsbgjlv!tf!nphv!vp•juj!
njojnvnj-! nbltjnvnj-! qsfwpkof! ub•lf-! j! tm/-! j{! lpkji! tf! oflbeb! nphv! pesfejuj! usbafof!
gj{j•lf!wfmj•jof/!
! Hsbgjl! tf! •ftup! lpsjtuj! {b! joejsfluop! pesf}jwbxf! oflf! gj{j•lf! wfmj•jof-! blp! kf!
pesf}fob! {bwjtoptu! j{nf}v! esvhji! nfsfoji! wfmj•job/! V! pwf! twsif! tf! hsbgjl! obk•f|~f!
lpsjtuj!v!pcsbej!sf{vmubub!|lpmtlji!fltqfsjnfobub/!
!

Qsbwjmb!{b!dsubxf!hsbgjlb!
!

! [b!dsubxf!hsbgjlb!lpsjtuf!tf!sb{mj•juj!qbqjsj/!Hpwpsj~fnp!tbnp!p!njmjnfubstljn!
qbqjsjnb! gpsnbub! A4 -! lpkj! tf! lpsjtuf! v! pcsbej! sf{vmubub! nfsfxb! v! ptopwojn! j! tsfexjn!
|lpmbnb/!Ejnfo{jkf!pwblwji!hsbgjlb!nphv!cjuj!nbtljnbmop! 250 mm × 170 mm /!
Lppsejobuof! ptf! usfcb! dsubuj! qp! jwjdbnb! njmjnfubstlph! qbqjsb/! Qp! qsbwjmv-! ob!
bqtdjtv! tf! oboptj! of{bwjtop! qspnforjwb-! b! ob! psejobuv! {bwjtop! qspnforjwb! wfmj•job/!
Sb{nfsb! tf! cjsb! ublp! eb! kf! jtqvxfo! |up! wf~j! qsptups! sbtqpmpajwph! qbqjsb/! Qsj! upnf! kf!
•ftup! cprf! eb! qsftfdj! lppsejobuoji! ptb! of! cvev! v! lppsejobuopn! qp•fulv/! Nf}vujn-! usfcb!
cjuj! wfpnb! qbarjw-! kfs! up! oflbeb! npaf! epwftuj! ep! hsvcf! hsf|lf/! Ob! qsjnfs-! blp! kf! tb!
hsbgjlb! mjofbsof! {bwjtoptuj! qpusfcop! pesfejuj! qsftfl! tb! psejobupn-! bqtdjtb! npsb! eb!
qp•jxf! pe! ovmf/! Qbqjs! usfcb! plsfovuj! ublp! eb! hsbgjl! |up! wj|f! jtqvxbwb! sbtqpmpajwj!
qbqjs-!peoptop-!qpusfcop!kf!qsbwjmop!pebcsbuj!lpkv!wfmj•jov!usfcb!obofuj!ob!evav-!b!lpkv!ob!
lsb~v!ptv/!
Eb! cj! obop|fxf! j! p•jubwbxf! wsfeoptuj! tb! hsbgjlb! cjmp! mblp-! 2! mm! ob! njmjnfubs.
tlpn!qbqjsv!npaf!eb!pehpwbsb!
!

///!1/16!<!1/2!<!1/3!<!1/5<!1/6!<!2!<!3!<!5<!6<!21!!jue/!
!

kfejojdb! wfmj•jof! lpkb! tf! qsjlb{vkf/! Esvhjn! sf•jnb-! kfejojdb! wfmj•jof! lpkb! tf! qsjlb{vkf!
)jmj!xfo!vnopabl!tb! 10± n -!hef!kf!n!dfp!cspk*!npaf!eb!cvef!qsjlb{bob!tb!2-!3-!3/6-!6-!21-!31-!36-!
61-!211!jue/!njmjnfubsb!ob!njmjnfubstlpn!qbqjsv/!Sb{nfsv!2;5!usfcb!j{cfhbwbuj/!Twf!ptubmf!
sb{nfsf! ojtv! epqv|ufof/! Ob! qsjnfs-! kfejojdb! gj{j•lf! wfmj•jof! of! tnf! cjuj! qsjlb{bob! ob!
njmjnfubstlpn!qbqjsv!tb!4!mm!jmj!4!cm!)obk•f|~b!hsf|lb*-!7!mm-!8!cm-!23!mm!26!cm!j!tm/!
Ob!ptf!tf!oboptf!tbnp!flwjejtubouof!p{oblf!cspkoji!wsfeoptuj!gj{j•lji!wfmj•job/!Ob!
ptf!of!usfcb!qjtbuj!cspkof!wsfeoptuj!lpkf!pehpwbsbkv!fltqfsjnfoubmojn!ub•lbnb-!lbp!|up!of!
usfcb!qpwmb•juj!cjmp!lblwf!mjojkf!pe!ptb!ep!obofuji!ub•blb/!
Fltqfsjnfoubmof!ub•lf!tf!p{obabwbkv!lsvaj~jnb-!lstuj~jnb-!lwbesbuj~jnb!j!tm/!Blp!
kf!ob!jtuj!qbqjs!obofup!wj|f!oj{pwb!qpebublb-!twblj!oj{!tf!p{ob•bwb!qptfcojn!p{oblbnb/!Pwf!
ub•lf! ob! hsbgjdjnb-! v! pq|ufn! tmv•bkv-! npsbkv! cjuj! vofuf! tb! pehpwbsbkv~jn! bqtpmvuojn!
hsf|lbnb! qsjlb{boji! wfmj•job/! Of! voptf! tf! bqtpmvuof! hsf|lf! tbnp! blp! tv! nbxf! pe!
wsfeoptuj!obknbxfh!pehpwbsbkv~fh!qpefplb!hsbgjlb/!!
Blp! tv! gj{j•lb! wfmj•job! j! xfob! hsf|lb! qsjlb{bof! v! jtupk! ubcfmj-! npsbkv! cjuj!
j{sbafof! tb! jtujn! fltqpofoupn/! Blp! kf! cspkob! wsfeoptu! gj{j•lf! wfmj•jof! lpkb! tf! voptj! v!
ubcfmv-! jmj! oboptj! ob! hsbgjl-! nbxb! pe! 1/12-! jmj! wf~b! pe! 211-! qpusfcop! kv! kf! j{sb{juj! v!
 2

fltqpofodjkbmopn!pcmjlv/! Qsj!upnf! tf! •ftup! •jof! hsf|lf!v!nftuv! qjtbxb! fltqpofoub-!|up!

epwpej! ep! wfmjlf! hsf|lf! v! qsjlb{v! sf{vmubub-! wf~f! pe! 21/111! qvub/! V! ubcfmbnb! 2c! j! 2d!
qsjlb{bob! tv! ewb! jtqsbwob! {bqjtb! sf{vmubub! nfsfxb! ebuji! v! ubcfmj! 2b/! Ofqsbwjmop! kf! v!
{bhmbwrv!ubcfmf!2c!obqjtbuj! t ⋅ 10−2 [s] /!
!

!!
Ubcfmb!2/!
t [s] ! ! t ⋅ 102 [s] ! ! [
t 10−2 s ! ]
1/123! ! 2/3! ! 2/3!
1/126! ! 2/6! ! 2/6!
1/129! ! 2/9! ! 2/9!
1/134! ! 3/4! ! 3/4!
!

!!!!! b*! ! ! ! !c*! ! ! ! !!!d*!

!
!
!

Mjofbsj{bdjkb!hsbgjlb!
Najlak{e je analizirati zavisnost izme|u fizi~kih veli~ina, ili wihovih
algebarskih kombinacija, ako izme|u wih postoji linearna veza.
Wfmjlj! cspk! |lpmtlji! fltqfsjnfobub! npaf! cjuj! pcsb}fo! bobmj{pn! mjofbsoji!
{bwjtoptuj-!qb!~f!xjnb!cjuj!qptwf~fob!qptfcob!qbaxb/!!
!
Mjofbsob!gvoldjkb!jnb!pcmjl;!
!

y = ax + b -!
!

hef!tv! a! j! b!lpotubouf-!qbsbnfusj!gvoldjkf/!Hsbgjl!mjofbsof!gvoldjkf!kf!qsbwb!mjojkb!lpkb!
jnb!obhjc! a j!petf•bl!ob! y-ptj! b/!Petf•bl!hsbgjlb!ob! x.ptj!)bqtpmvuob!wsfeoptu!lppsejobuf!
qsftf•of!ub•lf!tb!x.ptpn*!j{optj! − b a /!
Hsbgjl!tf!lsp{!fltqfsjnfoubmof!ub•lf!qpwmb•j!ublp!eb-!qp!pdfoj!fltqfsjnfoubupsb-!
ub•lf! v! dfmjoj! njojnbmop! petuvqbkv! pe! xfhb/! Nfsfxb! lpkb! pehpwbsbkv! fltqfsjnfoubmojn!
ub•lbnb-! lpkf! v! plwjsv! twpkji! hsf|blb! of! epejsvkv! hsbgjl-! usfcb! qpopwjuj/! Pwblwb!
petuvqbxb!tv!•ftup!qptmfejdb!hsvcji!hsf|blb!)qsfwjeb*!v!nfsfxv-!jmj!mp|f!qspdfof!hsf|lf!
obwfefof!ub•lf/!
Usbafof!gj{j•lf!wfmj•jof!tf!obk•f|~f!pesf}vkv!j{!kfeoph!pe!qbsbnfubsb!qptnbusbof!
mjofbsof!{bwjtoptuj;!lpfgjdjkfoub!qsbwdb-!petf•lb!ob!x!jmj!y-ptj.!
Lpfgjdjkfou!qsbwdb!mjofsbof!{bwjtoptuj!a!pesf}vkf!tf!tb!hsbgjlb!j{!lppsejobub!ewfkv!
xfhpwji!ub•blb/!Qswb!ub•lb! A( xA , yA ) !v{jnb!tf!j{nf}v!qswf!j!esvhf!fltqfsjnfoubmof!ub•lf-!b!
esvhb! B( xB , yB ) !j{nf}v!qsfuqptmfexf!j!qptmfexf!fltqfsjnfoubmof!ub•lf/!Pwbk!lpfgjdjkfou!
j{optj;!
yB − yA
a= -!
x B − xA
!

b!xfhpwb!sfmbujwob!hsf|lb;!
Δy B + ΔyA ΔxB + ΔxA
δy = + -!
yB − yA xB − x A
!

hef! tv ΔxA , ΔxB , Δy A i Δy B bqtpmvuof! hsf|lf! pesf}jwbxb! lppsejobub xA , x B , y A i y B tb! hsbgjlb/!

Twblb! pe! pwji! hsf|blb! kf! kfeoblb! wf~pk! pe! pehpwbsbkv~ji! bqtpmvuoji! hsf|blb! tvtfeoji!
ub•blb/!Oj!kfeob!pe!pwji!hsf|blb!of!npaf!cjuj!nbxb!pe!ub•optuj!p•jubwbxb!lppsejobub!tb!
 3

hsbgjlb-!peoptop!pe!wsfeoptuj!obknbxfh!qpefplb!)njmjnfusb*!ob!njmjnfubstlpn!qbqjsv/!Ob!
qsjnfs-! blp! kf! bqtpmvuob! hsf|lb! wfmj•jof! obofuf! ob! bqtdjtv-! {b! pcf! tvtfeof! ub•lf! nbmb!
)nbxb!pe!wsfeoptuj!obknbxfh!qpefplb*-!qb!ojkf!obofub!ob!hsbgjl-!ubeb!kf!bqtpmvuob!hsf|lb!
p•jubwbxb!pehpwbsbkv~f!lppsejobuf!kfeoblb!wsfeoptuj!obknbxfh!qpefplb!ob!bqtdjtj/!
! Petf•bl! ob! y-ptj! b tf! mblp! p•jubwb! tb! hsbgjlb/! [b! xfhpwv! bqtpmvuov! hsf|lv! tf!
obk•f|~f! v{jnbkv! obkwf~b! pe! bqtpmvuoji! hsf|blb! wfmj•job! obofuji! ob! psejobuv-! jmj!
bqtpmvuob!hsf|lb!qp!psejobuj-!fltqfsjnfoubmof!ub•lf!obkcmjaf! y-ptj/!Obsbwop-!pwb!hsf|lb!
of!npaf!cjuj!nbxb!pe!wsfeoptuj!obknbxfh!qpefplb!ob!y-ptj.
Petf•bl! ob! x-ptj ( − b a *! mblp! tf! pesf}vkf! j{! qsftf•of! ub•lf! hsbgjlb! tb! x-ptpn.
Qphsf|op!hb!kf!pesf}jwbuj!joejsfluop-!ublp!|up!tf!pesfef!qswp! a!j!b-!kfs!kf!hsf|lb!xfhpwph!
pesf}jwbxb! ubeb! nophp! wf~b-! qp|up! v! tfcj! tbesaj! hsf|lf! pesf}jwbxb! qfu! lppsejobub/! [b!
bqtpmvuov! hsf|lv! pesf}jwbxb! pwph! petf•lb! obk•f|~f! tf! v{jnbkv! obkwf~b! pe! bqtpmvuoji!
hsf|blb! wfmj•job! obofuji! ob! bqtdjtv-! jmj! bqtpmvuob! hsf|lb! qp! bqtdjtj-! fltqfsjnfoubmof!
ub•lf!obkcmjaf!qsftf•opk!ub•lj!hsbgjlb!tb! x-ptpn/!Obsbwop-!pwb!hsf|lb!of!npaf!cjuj!nbxb!
pe!wsfeoptuj!obknbxfh!qpefplb!ob!x-!ptj.
Blp-! j! qpsfe! ufpsjktlph! qsfewj}bxb-! hsbgjl! of! qspmb{j! lsp{! lppsejobuoj! qp•fubl-!
qptupkj! oflb-! obk•f|~f! tjtufnbutlb-! hsf|lb! v! nfsfxv/! Oflbeb! tf! pwblwj! fltqfsjnfouj!
npsbkv!qpopwjuj-!b!oflbeb!kf!epwprop!j{ws|juj!lpsfldjkv!ob!pulsjwfov!tjtufnbutlv!hsf|lv/!
Qpoflbe! tf! npaf! jtqptubwjuj! eb! pulsjwfob! tjtufnbutlb! hsf|lb! of! vuj•f! ob! usbafov!
gj{j•lv! wfmj•jov/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! fltqfsjnfou! of! usfcb! qpobwrbuj-! ofhp! tbnp! pckbtojuj!
v{spl!qptupkbxb!tjtufnbutlf!hsf|lf/!
! !

!
5/!Hsbgjdj!ofmjofbsoji!gvoldjkb!
!

Nophf!gj{j•lf!wfmj•jof!nphv!cjuj!pesf}fof!bobmj{pn!ofmjofbsoji!gvoldjkb/!Qpu.
sfcb! {b! bobmj{pn! pwblwji! fltqfsjnfoubmoji! {bwjtoptuj! qptupkj! j! v! ofljn! fltqfsjnfoujnb!
lpkj!tf!nphv!sfbmj{pwbuj!v!|lpmtljn!vtmpwjnb/!Wfpnb!sb{mj•juf!gvoldjpobmof!{bwjtoptuj!
nphv! cjuj! qsj! upnf! bobmj{jsbof/! V! nophjn! tmv•bkfwjnb! ojkf! qpusfcop! oj! qp{obwbuj! pcmjl!
gvoldjkf!lpkb!qpwf{vkf!qptnbusbof!gj{j•lf!wfmj•jof/![cph!uphb!of~f!cjuj!ws|fob!efubrojkb!
bobmj{b! pwblwji! hsbgjlb/! Ob•jo! pesf}jwbxb! gj{j•lji! wfmj•job! tb! xji! j! nfupef! qspdfof!
hsf|blb!pwblwji!nfsfxb!tf!sb{mjlvkv!pe!fltqfsjnfoub!ep!fltqfsjnfoub/!!!
! Qp{obwbxf! ufpsjktlf! qpemphf! fltqfsjnfoub! vqv~vkf! ob! ob•jo! pesf}jwbxb! usbafof!
gj{j•lf!wfmj•jof!j{!oflji!qbsbnfubsb!hsbgjlb/!Qspdfob!hsf|lf!nfsfxb!npsb!eb!tf!{btojwb!
ob!pckflujwopk!qspdfoj!fltqfsjnfoubupsb!tb!lpkpn!kf!hsf|lpn!pesfejp!qpusfcof!qbsbnfusf!
hsbgjlb/!Obwf|~fnp!ewb!qsjnfsb/!
2* Nfsfxfn! qpws|jof! phsboj•fof! hsbgjlpn! ufsnpejobnj•lph! djlmvtb! v! p-V!
ejkbhsbnv-!npaf!tf!pesfejuj!sbe!j{ws|fo!v!uplv!djlmvtb/!Ob•jo!qspdfof!hsf|lf!
pwblwph! nfsfxb! npaf! tf! wjefuj! v! {bebulv! {b! esvhj! sb{sfe! ob! sfqvcmj•lpn!
ublnj•fxv!2::7/!hpejof-!peoptop!v![cjsdj![1].!
3* Bobmj{pn! wpmu.bnqfs! lbsblufsjtujlb! usjpef! nphv! tf! pesfejuj! ! oflf! gj{j•lf!
wfmj•jof! wf{bof! {b! tusvkob! lpmb! v! lpkjnb! tf! usjpef! obmb{f/! Kfebo! pe! qsjnfsb!
bobmj{f!pwblwji!hsbgjlb!ebu!kf!v!{bebulv!{b!esvhj!sb{sfe!ob!tbwf{opn!ublnj•fxv!
2::7/!hpejof-!peoptop!v![cjsdj![1].
!

!
!
!
!
!
!
 4

6/!Qsjnfs!.!Pcsbeb!sf{vmubub!nfsfxb!npevmb!fmbtuj•optuj!•fmj•of!ajdf!
!

! Nfsfxf! kf! j{ws|fop! vsf}bkfn! lpkj! qspj{wpej! Mbcpsbupsjkb! {b! sb{wpk! j! j{sbev!
qspupujqpwb!v•jmb!Gj{j•lph!gblvmufub!v!Cfphsbev/!
! Mblp!kf!qplb{buj!eb-!qp!Ivlpwpn!{blpov-!wbaj;!
!

4 gL
l= m = am + b -!
Ed 2π
!

peoptop-! eb! kf! qspnfob! evajof! {bufhovuf! ajdf! l! mjofbsob! gvoldjkb! nbtf! ufhpwb! m-! lpkj! kf!
jtufav!tjmpn!twpkf!ufajof/!Hsbgjl!pwf!gvoldjkf!qspmb{j!lsp{!lppsejobuoj!qp•fubl!) b = 0 */!
Npevp!fmbtuj•optuj!kf!pesf}fo!nfsfxfn!evajof!ajdf! L-!xfoph!qsf•ojlb! d!!j!lpfgjdjkfoub!
qsbwdb!v!obwfefopk!{bwjtoptuj!a/!!
Evajob! ajdf! kf! nfsfob! nfubstlpn! usblpn-! •jkb! kf! njojnbmob! bqtpmvuob! hsf|lb!
nfsfxb!)ub•optu*!2mm/!Qspdfxfop!kf!eb!kf!hsf|lb!nfsfxb!evajof!3!mm/!J{nfsfob!kf!evajob!
ajdf;!
L = (951 ± 2 ) mm = (9.51 ± 0.02) ⋅ 102 mm /!
!

! Qsf•ojl! ajdf! kf! nfsfo! ob! 6! sbwopnfsop! sbtqpsf}foji! nftub! qp! evajoj! ajdf-!
njlspnfubstljn!{bwsuxfn!ub•optuj!1/12 mm/!Sf{vmubuj!nfsfxb!tv!qsjlb{boj!v!ubcfmj!3/!
!

!!
Tabela 2.
d1 [mm] ! d 2 [mm] ! d 3 [mm] ! d 4 [mm] ! d 5 [mm] ! d [mm] ! Δd [mm] !
1/39! 1/3:! 1/3:! 1/39! 1/3:! 1/3:! 1/12!
!
!

[bwjtoptu! qspnfof! evajof! ajdf! pe! tjmf! jtuf{bxb! qsb~fob! kf! pqufsf~jwbxfn! ajdf!
ufhpwjnb!sb{mj•juf!nbtf/!Qp|up!kf!{bofnbsjwb!hsf|lb!nbtf!ufhpwb-!{bofnbsjwb!kf!j!hsf|lb!
xjipwf!ufajof/!Qspnfob!evajof!ajdf!kf!nfsfob!lpnqbsbupspn!ub•optuj!1/112!mm/!Lpnqbsb.
ups!kf!qpef|fo!ob!ovmv!) p0 = 0 *!lbeb!ajdb!ojkf!epebuop!pqufsf~fob!)tbnp!{bufhovub!pesf}f.
opn!lpotubouopn!tjmpn*/!Eb!cj!pesfejmj!qpmpabk!ovmf-!ajdb!kf!oflpmjlp!qvub!pqufsf~jwbob!
sb{mj•jujn! ufhpwjnb! j! qpopwp! wsb~bob! v! qp•fuop! tubxf/! Qspdfxfop! kf! eb! kf! bqtpmvuob!
hsf|lb! pesf}jwbxb! pwph! qpmpabkb! Δp0 = 0.01 mm /! Qspnfob! evajof! ajdf! pesf}jwbob! kf! j{!
sb{mjlf!qplb{jwbxb!lpnqbsbupsb!qsj!{bufhovupk!ajdj!)p*!j!of{bufhovupk!ajdj!)p0*-!peoptop;!
!
!

l = p − p0 -!
!

qb!kf!xfob!bqtpmvuob!hsf|lb![1-4];!
!

Δl = Δp + Δp0 /!
!

Sf{vmubuj!nfsfxb!tv!qsjlb{boj!v!ubcfmj!4/!V!ubcfmj!5!tv!ebuj!qsjnfsj!j{sb•vobwbxb!
qpkfejoji! wfmj•job! v! ubcfmj! 4-! qsfnb! qsbwjmjnb! {b! j{sb•vobwbxf! joejsfluop! nfsfoji!
wfmj•job-! qspdfof! xjipwji! hsf|blb! j! ob•job! j{sbabwbxb! nfsfoji! wfmj•job! [2-3]/! Usfcb!
qsjnfujuj-!j{nf}v!ptubmph;!
.! Eb! tf! bqtpmvuof! hsf|lf! {bplsvavkv! ob! kfeov! djgsv! sb{mj•juv! pe! ovmf-! b! cspkof!
wsfeoptuj!gj{j•lji!wfmj•job!ob!djgsv!lpkb!jnb!jtuj!sfe!wfmj•jof!lbp!bqtpmvuob!hsf|lb/!
! .!Eb!tf!cspkof!wsfeoptuj!gj{j•lji!wfmj•job!{bplsvavkv!qp!nbufnbuj•ljn!qsbwjmjnb!
{b!{bplsvajwbxf!cspkfwb-!b!bqtpmvuof!hsf|lf!vwfl!ob!wj|f-!ptjn-!fwfouvbmop!blp!kf!tmfef~b!
djgsb!ovmb/!!
 5

! .! Eb! tf! qsbwjmop! {bplsvafof! cspkof! wsfeoptuj! j! hsf|lf! lpsjtuf! lbeb! tf! pof!
fltqmjdjuop! j{sbabwbkv-! tbnptubmop-! jmj! v! ubcfmj/! Nf}vujn-! blp! tf! cspkob! wsfeoptu! jmj!
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!

!
Ubcfmb!4/!
!
Cs/! m[kg]! pi[mm]! p[mm]! Δp[mm]! l[mm]! Δl[mm]!
! ! 1/352! ! ! ! !
2! 1/53! 1/368! 1/37! 1/13! 1/37! 1/14!
1/379!
! ! 1/5:1! ! ! ! !
3! 1/83! 1/58:! 1/5:! 1/12! 1/5:! 1/13!
1/611!
! ! 1/783! ! ! ! !
4! 2/11! 1/771! 1/78! 1/13! 1/78! 1/14!
1/794! !
! ! 1/998! ! ! ! !
5! 2/45! 1/991! 1/9:! 1/12! 1/9:! 1/13!
! 1/9:4!
! ! 2/221! ! ! ! !
6! 2/78! 2/211! 2/21! 1/13! 2/21! 1/14!
2/196!
! ! 2/441! ! ! ! !
7! 3/11! 2/437! 2/441! 1/115! 2/44! 1/13!
2/445!
!
!
!

Ubcfmb!5/!
!
Cs/! p[mm]! Δp[mm]! Δl=Δp +Δp0[mm]!
! 0.241 + 0.257 + 0.268 0.255 - 0.241 = 0.014 + 0.01 =
≈ ! !
2! 3 ! = 0.014 ≈ 0.02 = 0.024 ≈ 0.03
≈ 0.255 ≈ 0.26
! 0.49 + 0.479 + 0.500 0.49 - 0.479 = 0.011 + 0.01 =
≈ ! !
3! 3 ! = 0.011 ≈ 0.01 = 0.021 ≈ 0.02
≈ 0.490 ≈ 0.49
! 1.330 + 1.326 + 1.334 1.334 - 1.33 = 0.004 + 0.01 =
≈ ! !
7! 3 ! = 0.004 ≈ 0.004 = 0.014 ≈ 0.02
≈ 1.330 ≈ 1.33
!
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!
 6

ub•lb!B! ! mA = (0.50 ± 0.01) kg ! ! lA = (0.33 ± 0.03) mm !

ub•lb!B!! ! mB = (1.95 ± 0.01) kg ! ! lB = (1.29 ± 0.03) mm /!
!
!

Lpfgjdjkfou!qsbwdb!qptnbusbof!mjofbsof!{bwjtoptuj!j{optj;!
!
!

a=
lB − lA
=
(1.29 − 0.33) mm ≈ 0.662 mm ≈ 0.66 mm !
m B − mA (1.95 − 0.5) kg kg kg
!
!

⎛ Δl + Δl A Δm B + Δm A ⎞ mm ⎛ 0.024 + 0.023 0.01 + 0.01 ⎞ mm mm

Δa = a ⎜⎜ B + ⎟⎟ = 0.662 ⎜ + ⎟ ≈ 0.042 = 0.005 -!
⎝ lB − lA m B − mA ⎠ kg ⎝ 1.29 − 0.33 1.95 − 0.5 ⎠ kg kg
!
!
!

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!
!

4 gL 1 4 ⋅ 9.81 m s 2 ⋅ 9.51 ⋅ 102 mm 1 N N

E= = ≈ 2.18 ⋅ 105 =≈ 2.2 ⋅ 1011 2 !
d 2π a (0.287 mm)2 ⋅ 3.14 0.662 mm/kg mm2 m
!
!
!

⎛ ΔL Δd Δa ⎞ 11 N ⎛ 2 0.01 0.042 ⎞ 11 N
ΔE = E ⎜ +2 + ⎟ = 2.18 ⋅ 10 2 ⎜
+2 + ⎟ ≈ 0.3 ⋅ 10 !
⎝ L d a ⎠ m ⎝ 951 0.287 0.662 ⎠ m2
!
!

E = (2.2 ± 0.3)⋅ 1011

N
m2
! !
!
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