Con. / Ecc Reducer : 2 2 S = 3.14 x { D.H +D - F + ( FxE ) } 4 S = D1+D2 x L x 3.14 note : 2 S = Surface area of Painting . note : D = Diameter of Flange S = Surface area of Painting E = Diameter of end . D.1 = Diameter of larger . F = Diameter of Neck . D.2 = Diameter of smaller . T = Face to end . L = End to end of reducer . H = Thickness of Face .