1 1 1 1 1 1 s− f sf s′ f

34.9: a)  + = ⇒ = − = ⇒ s′ = . Also m = − = .

s s′ f s′ f s fs s− f s f −s
b) For f > 0, s > f ⇒ s ′ > 0, so the image is always on the outgoing side and
f
is real. The magnification is m = f − s < 0, since f < s.

f
c) For s ≥ 2 f ⇒m < =1, which means the image is always smaller and
−f
inverted since the magnification is negative.
f
For f < s < 2 f ⇒0 < s − f < f ⇒ m > f =1.
d) Concave mirror: 0 < s < f ⇒ s ′ < 0, and we have a virtual image to the right
f
of the mirror. m > f =1, so the image is upright and larger than the object.