Computations Of

Area By Offsets..
Ajay Raghuwanshi..
10801347
B5803A11
 Contents

. INTRODUCTION
. What is Offset
. Kinds of Offsets
. AREA CAN BE COMPUTED BY THE
FOLLOWING RULES..
 INTRODUCTION

The station and offset computation

can be used for calculating the
coordinates along a path. A path is
defined as either of the following:
-:A straight line between two existing
survey points
 CONTI
…
A sequence of connected feature segments
starting and ending at survey points.
-: Coordinates can optionally be calculated
perpendicularly, at a specific offset distance
left or right of the path you've specified.
Offsets to the left must be entered as negative
values, and offsets to the right must be entered
as positive values.
 What is Offset

• The lateral measurement taken from an

object to the chain line is known as
‘Offsets. Offsets are taken to locate
objects with reference to chain line.
Kinds of Offsets
2. Oblique offsets:-Any offset not
perpendicular to the chain line is said to be
oblique offsets they are taken when the objects
are at a long distance from the chain line ..
 AREA CAN BE COMPUTED BY
THE FOLLOWING RULES..
1. The Mid-Ordinate Rule..
2. The Average –Ordinate Rule..
3. The Trapezoidal Rule..
4. Simpson’s Rule..
The Mid-Ordinate Rule..
The Average Ordinate Rule..
The Trapezoidal Rule..
 Simpson’s Rule..

In this rule the boundaries

between the ends of ordinates
are assumed to form an arc of a
parabola..
It is also known as parabolic
rule..
Thanks for your
cooperation..