Importance Of Offsets

Offset:
Lateral measurements (position of
details such as boundries, building, fences,
roads, nallas et.) to chain lines for locating
ground features are known as offsets.
For this purpose perpendicular or oblique
offsets may be taken. If the object to be located
(say road) is curved more number of offsets
should be taken. For measuring offsets tapes are
commonly used.
The offset rod is used for measuring the off
set of short lengths.
It is similar to a ranging rod and is usually of
3m lengths.
 There are two types of offsets used in chain
surveying viz. PERPENDICULAR OFFSET and
OBLIQUE OFFSET.
In case of perpendicular offset, foot of the
perpendicular on chain line is found from the
object and the surveyor notes down offset
distance and the chainage of foot of the
perpendicular.
In case of oblique offset, the distance of the
object from two convenient points on the
chain lines are measured and noted down.
Mark points along chain line and draw
perpendicular with set square. If oblique
offsets are taken, arcs are drawn from the
respective positions on chain line and the
position of the objects fixed up.
Main scale and offset scale may be used.
Main scale is kept along direction of chain
line and offset scale gives the
perpendiculars to it.
If the object is round, an offset should be
taken to the centre only and its radius
measured.
Offset are used to define the outline of the
object.
 If the object is hexagonal, one of its side
nearer the chain line should be located by
offsets and its length measured.
Offset points can often be roughly drawn up
underwater. The advantage of this is that
subtle details can be added and errors
spotted while it is possible to fix them.