1ai

m1 m2 m3
inde p(m1)= 1.022E -10 inde p(m2)= 4.872E-9 inde p(m3)= 1.127E-8
plot_vs (Vs , time )=0.145 plot_vs (Loa d, time )=0.234 plot_vs (Vs , time )=0.256
Peak P eak Peak

0.30

m3
0.25 m2

0.20

0.15
m1

0.10

0.05
Load

0.00
Vs

-0.05

-0.10

-0.15

-0.20

-0.25

-0.30
0 .0 0.4 0 .8 1 .2 1.6 2.0 2 .4 2 .8 3.2 3.6 4 .0 4 .4 4 .8 5 .2 5.6 6 .0 6 .4 6.8 7.2 7 .6 8.0 8.4 8 .8 9 .2 9.6 1 0.0 1 0.4 1 0.8 11 .2 11 .6 1 2.0 1 2.4 12 .8 13 .2 1 3.6 14 .0 14 .4 1 4.8

time, ns ec

ii

Time for initial signal to reach load:

4.872e-9 – 1.022e-10 = 4.7968e-9

0.785
Phase velocity = = 1.64e8 m/s
4.7968e-9

2 πf 2 π (2.5e9)
Propagation constant = ko√ e e = √ ee = √ 3.526 = 98.32rad/s
c 3e8

Iii
 E qn Vs _rms = moving_a ve ra ge (s qrt(moving_a ve ra ge (Vs **2,20)),20) E qn Loa d_rms =moving_a ve ra ge (s qrt(moving_a ve ra ge (Loa d**2,20)),20)

0 .2 0 0.25

0.20
0 .1 5

0.15

Load_rms
Vs_rms

0 .1 0
0.10

0 .0 5
0.05

0 .0 0 0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

time, ns ec time, nsec

Vs_rms = 0.258*0.707 = 0.1824

Eqn Zin=Vs _rms /I_rms

m4
inde p(m4)= 5.000E-8
plot_vs (Zin, time )=50.000 m5
inde p(m5)= 9.542E-9
P e ak plot_vs (Zin, time )=10.254

60

m4
50

40
Zin

30

20

m5
10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

time , ns e c
Steady sate: 50ohm

Time to reach 20% of 50 ohm =9.542e-9s

v.

50.0000000

50.0000000
mag(P ortZ(1))

50.0000000

50.0000000

50.0000000

50.0000000
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6

freq, GHz

1b
 m1 m2 m3
inde p(m1)= 1.022E -10 inde p(m2)= 4.632E-9 inde p(m3)= 1.120E-8
plot_vs (Vs , time )=0.031 plot_vs (Loa d, time )=0.054 plot_vs (Vs , time )=0.038
Peak P eak Peak

0.06
m2
0.05

0.04 m3
m1
0.03

0.02

0.01
Load

0.00
Vs

-0.01

-0.02

-0.03

-0.04

-0.05

-0.06
0 .0 0.4 0 .8 1 .2 1.6 2.0 2 .4 2 .8 3.2 3.6 4 .0 4 .4 4 .8 5 .2 5.6 6 .0 6 .4 6.8 7.2 7 .6 8.0 8.4 8 .8 9 .2 9.6 1 0.0 1 0.4 1 0.8 11 .2 11 .6 1 2.0 1 2.4 12 .8 13 .2 1 3.6 14 .0 14 .4 1 4.8

time, ns ec

Time for initial signal to reach load:

4.632e-9 – 1.022e-10 = 4.5298e-9

0.72601
Phase velocity = = 1.603e8 m/s
4.5298e-9

2 πf 2 π (2.5e9)
Propagation constant = ko√ e e = √ ee = √ 3.5458 = 98.60rad/s
c 3e8
 Eqn Vs _rms = moving_a ve ra ge (s qrt(moving_a ve ra ge (Vs **2,20)),20) E qn Loa d_rms =moving_a ve ra ge (s qrt(moving_a ve ra ge (Loa d**2,20)),20)

0 .0 30 0.04

0 .0 25
0.03
0 .0 20

Load_rms
Vs_rms

0 .0 15 0.02

0 .0 10
0.01
0 .0 05

0 .0 00 0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

time, ns ec time, ns ec

Vs_rms = 0.038*0.707 = 0.026866

 Eqn Zin=Vs _rms /I_rms
m4
inde p(m4)= 5.000E-8
plot_vs (Zin, time )=50.000 m5
P e ak inde p(m5)= 4.997E-8
plot_vs (Zin, time )=0.949

60

m4
50

40
Zin

30

20

10
m5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

time , ns e c

Steady sate: 50ohm

Time to reach 20% of 50 ohm = 4.997e-8

 50.0000000

50.0000000
mag(P ortZ(1))

50.0000000

50.0000000

50.0000000

50.0000000
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6

freq, GHz

c.
 m1 m2 m3
inde p(m1)= 1.022E-10 inde p(m2)= 4.462E -9 inde p(m3)= 1.129E-8
plot_vs (Vs , time )=0.112 plot_vs (Loa d, time )=0.015 plot_vs (Vs , time )=0.119
Peak Peak Peak

m3
0 .1 2 m1

0 .1 0

0 .0 8

0 .0 6

0 .0 4

0 .0 2 m2
Load

0 .0 0
Vs

-0.02

-0.04

-0.06

-0.08

-0.10

-0.12
0.0 0 .4 0 .8 1.2 1 .6 2 .0 2.4 2.8 3 .2 3 .6 4.0 4.4 4 .8 5.2 5.6 6 .0 6 .4 6.8 7.2 7 .6 8.0 8.4 8 .8 9 .2 9.6 1 0.0 1 0.4 10 .8 1 1.2 1 1.6 12 .0 12 .4 1 2.8 1 3.2 13 .6 1 4.0 1 4.4 14 .8

time, ns ec

Time for initial signal to reach load:

4.462e-9 – 1.022e-10 = 4.3598e-9s

0.6962025
Phase velocity = = 1.597e8 m/s
4.3598e-9

2 πf 2 π (2.5e9)
Propagation constant = ko√ e e = e = √ 3.5 5 = 98.65rad/s
c √ e 3e8
 E qn Vs _rms = moving_a ve ra ge (s qrt(moving_a ve ra ge (Vs **2,20)),20) Eqn Loa d_rms =moving_a ve ra ge (s qrt(moving_a ve ra ge (Loa d**2,20)),20)

0 .1 0 0 .0 20

0 .0 8
0 .0 15

0 .0 6

Load_rms
Vs_rms

0 .0 10
0 .0 4

0 .0 05
0 .0 2

0 .0 0 0 .0 00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

time, nsec time, ns ec

Vs_rms = 0.119*0.707 = 0.084133

 Eqn Zin=Vs _rms /I_rms
m4
inde p(m4)= 5.000E-8
plot_vs (Zin, time )=50.000 m5
inde p(m5)= 4.999E-8
P e ak
plot_vs (Zin, time )=5.370

60

m4
50

40
Zin

30

20

10 m5

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

time , ns e c

Steady sate: 50ohm

Time to reach 20% of 50 ohm = 5e-8s

 50.0000000

50.0000000
mag(P ortZ(1))

50.0000000

50.0000000

50.0000000

50.0000000
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6

freq, GHz

d. Lower the impedances of the line, longer for the input impedance to settle.