82 Protection of electricity distribution networks

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40
100
90
80
70
60
50
40

30

20

10
9
8
7
6
5
4

2
Time (seconds)

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5 Time dial
0.4 setting
11
0.3 10
9
8
0.2 7
6
5
4
0.10
0.09 3
0.08
0.07
2
0.06
0.05
0.04 1

0.03

0.02 ½

0.01
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40
Multiples of tap value current

Figure 5.15 Typical operating curves for an inverse-time relay

86 Protection of electricity distribution networks

1000 s

Relay settings
R1:
Tap = 4.0 Amp
Time dial = 1.0
100 s Inst = 39.0 Amp
T1 CT = 300/5 Amp
R2:
Tap = 4.0 Amp
Time dial = 2.0
Inst = 37.0 Amp
CT = 800/5 Amp
10 s R4 R3:
Tap = 8.0 Amp
Time dial = 2.0
R1 Inst = Disable
R2 CT = 1100/5 Amp
R3 R4:
Tap = 4.0 Amp
1.0 s Time dial = 5.0
Inst = 36.0 Amp
CT = 300/5 Amp
Thermal limits
T1:
L1 Power transformer
L1:
Feeder cable
0.100 s

0.10 s
0.100 kA 1.0 kA 10 kA – l(13 kV) 100 kA 1000 kA

Figure 5.17 Relay co-ordination curves for Example 5.2

The co-ordination curves of the relays associated with this system are shown
in Figure 5.17. It should be noted that these are all drawn for currents at the same
voltage – in this case 13.2 kV.

5.5 Co-ordination across Dy transformers

In the case of overcurrent relay co-ordination for Dy transformers the distribution

of currents in these transformers should be checked for three-phase, phase-to-phase,
and single-phase faults on the secondary winding, shown in Figure 5.18.
To simplify the operations, it can be assumed that the voltages between the phases
of the transformer are the same, for both the primary and the secondary windings.