Sistem Pencernaan

(Systema GastroIntestinalis)
Dr. Arief Fatoni
2010

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Obyektif
 Menerangkan fungsi pokok dari sistem
Pencernaan
 Mengidentifikasi alat-alat pokok dan alat-
alat tambahan.
 Menerangkan peranan hati dan kantong
empedu dalam pencernaan

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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Anatomy/Physiology
Sistem Pencernaan
 Bertanggung jawab untuk
menerima , mencerna ,
menyerap makanan,dan
mengeluarkan sisa padat.
 Saluran pencernaan (GI
tract)
 Alimentasi - untuk
mencukupi gizi
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 ALAT PENCERNAAN
TAMBAHAN
 Gigi / dentin
 Lidah / lingua
 Kelenjar ludah/ glandula salivarius
 Hati / hepar / liver
 Kantong empedu / vesica fellea/ gallbladder
 Pankreas / pancreas

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Rongga Mulut / Cavum Oris
 Mulut (bucca, lingua)
• papillae
 Gigi
• mastikasi
• dentin
• pulp
• gingiva

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 LINGUA
 Papilla lingualis
• Papilla lingualis
sircumvalata
• Papilla lingualis
fungiformis
 Tonsila lingualis

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Gigi
 Arcus maxillaris (atas)
 Arcus mandibularis (bawah)
• Gigi depan untuk menggigit dan merobek
• Gigi belakang untuk mengunyah dan menggiling
 Gigi
 decidua - shedding
 Primer - 20 gigi
 Permanen - 32 gigi
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 DENTS
 Dents permanen
 Dents decidua
 Dents insicivus
 Dents caninus
 Dents premolar Superior Superior
 Dents molar dextra sinistra

Inferior Inferior
dextra sinistra
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Rongga Mulut / Cavum Oris
 Palatum, durum dan mole
• bolus
 Pharynx
 Uvula
 Esophagus
 Epiglottis

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Esophagus
 kerongkogan
 chyme
 cardiac, atau bawah
esophageal atau
gastroesophageal
sphincter

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Lambung / Ventriculus
Fundus
 Corpus /Body,
fundus
Body
 pylorus
 rugae
 Sphincter
pyloricum

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Usus Halus /Intestinum
 Usus kecil
 entero – usus kecil
 villi
 Bagian-bagian
• duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum
 Valvula ileocecalis
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Usus besar
 Usus besar
 colon
 cecum
 Appendix vermiformis

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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  Colon
• ascenden
• Flexura hepatica
• transversum
• Flexura splenicum
• descenden
 Sigmoid
 Rectum
 Anus

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Hati / Hepar / liver
 Fungsi
• Menghasilkan empedu
• glucose - glycogen
• Menimbun vitamin, B12, A, D, E, K
• erythrocytolysis (pigmen dilepas dieliminasi dalam empedu
disebut bilirubin)
• bilirubin membuat warna tinja khas /gelap
• Mengeluarkan toxin dari darah
• Membuat protein darah

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 HEPAR

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 Pankreas
 internal – fungsi endocrine
• insulin
• glucogon
 external – fungsi exocrine
• amylase - karbihidrat
• trypsin, chymotrypsin - protein
• lipase – lemak
 Enzyme tidak aktif sampai berada di duodenum
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 PANKREAS

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 Kantong empedu
 Seperti buah pear – berbentuk kantong
dibawah hati
 chole berarti empedu
 Cyste berarti kantong atau saccus
 Kantong empedu berkontraksi mendorong
empedu keluar melelui ductus cysticus
kedalam ductus biliverus communis
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 SALURAN EMPEDU DAN
PANKREAS
 Ductus hepaticus
sinistra
 Ductus hepaticus dextra
 Ductus hepaticus
communis
 Ductus sisticus
 Ductus choleducus
 Ductus pancreaticus
 Ampula vateri
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Empedu
 Empedu adalah getah pencernaan – bertindak
mengemulsi lemak menjadi way bahwa enzyme
dapat mencerna lemak
 Berjalan melalui ductus hepaticus ke ductus cysticus
ke kantong empedu dimana dia ditimbun
 Empedu mengandung air, garam-garam empedu,
cholesterol, dan bilirubin (suatu zat warna hasil dari
pemecahan hemoglobin)
 bilirubin mebuat warna empedu kuning atau orange

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Lambung selama pencernaan
 Getah lambung
• HCL – mengaktifkan
enzym
• protease
• pepsin
• lipase
 Chyme

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Usus kecil selama pencernaan
 Pencernaan lengkap
pada usus kecil
 chyme tercampur
dengan empedu dan
getah pankreas
 Penggumpalan
(emulsifikasi)
 Penyerapan (absorpsi)
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Usus besar
 Menerima sisa-sisa
pencernaan dan
menimbun sampai
dilepaskan dari tubuh.
 Penyerapan kelebihan
air
 faeces, tinja
 defekasi, atau gerakan
usus
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Patologi - Ulcer
 Gastric ulcer
 Peptic ulcer
 Ulcerative Colitis

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Patology - Hernia
 Diaphragmatica
 Hiatal, Gastroesophageal
 Inguinal
 Umbilical

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Sumbatan usus
 Volvulus
• Ischemia
• Necrosis
• Peritonitis
 Intussuscepsi

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 Hemorrhoid (wasir)
 Internal
 External
 Hemorrhoidectomy

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Gangguan Liver
 Kuning - jaundice, icterus
 Hepatitis
• Type A - fecal, oral
• Type B - parenteral, sexual, perinatal
• Type C - parenteral ke darah , produk darah

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Diverticulosis
 Diverticulitis
 obstipasi
 diverticulectomy

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Oncologi
 Neoplasma dari lapisan epitelial
• Adenocarcinoma lambung
• Carcinoma esofagus
• Carcinoma hepatoseluler
• Carcinoma pankreas

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic,
Therapeutic
 Aerophagia
 anorexia
 appendicitis
 ascites
 borborygmus
 bulimia

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic,
Therapeutic
 cachexia
 cholelithiasis
 cleft palate
 Crohn’s disease
 cirrhosis
 colic

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic,
Therapeutic
 deglutition
 dysentery
 dysphagia
 eructation
 fecalith
 flatus
 gastroesophageal reflux disease
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic,
Therapeutic
 Halitosis
 hematemesis
 irritable bowel syndrome
 leukoplakia
 malabsorption syndrome
 melena
 obstipation
Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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 Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic,
Therapeutic
 Peristalsis
 pyloric stenosis
 regurgitation
 steatorrhea
 visceroptosis

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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