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2006
This paper is meant to show the differences and the Jordan Amman
similarities between English and Arabic present tense. 962788120771+
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December 1, 2006 THE PRESENT TENSE BETWEEN ENGLISH AND ARABIC: ACOMPARTIVE STUDY
To those that make me see the brighter side when I am really down…
To those who I want to let them know that I appreciate their love and
support…
My wife…
To All of my family…
My sisters, Brothers …
Acknowledgment
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The Abstract
This paper is meant to show the differences and the
similarities between English and Arabic present tense.
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Appendix………………………………………………………………………………. 27
English Bibliographies………………………………………………………... 35
Arabic Bibliographies…………………………………………………………. 56
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List of Tables
Page
Number
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Chapter: one
The Present Tense in English
1.1 Introduction:
Time is frequently perceived as a continuum with three
main divisions: past, present, and future. The past and future
times are defined in relation to the present time (now). Past
tense refers to any time before the present time, and future
tense refers to any time after the present. Not all languages
perceive this relationship as a linear one, nor do these categories
characterize all possible times. Tense, then, is a grammatical
expression of time reference. The correlation between tense and
time is not necessarily one-to-one; languages do not recognize
as many oppositions of tense as they have conceptions of time.
English has past, present, and future times, but only a past and a
non-past opposition of tense. (encyclopedia Britannica: 2004)
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2. After any other voiceless sound (/p/, /f/, /Ө /, /t/, /k/, /h/)
pronounced /s/. E.g. sit/sits.
3. If the singular final is voiced, the allomorph is /z/,
e.g. go/goes stay/stays." (ibid: )
b. Present Situations:
6. -I like tea.
(Not: I'm liking this tea.)
.I think that the world's problems are getting worse .7
.It weighs 100 kilos .8
9. The sign means 'stop' (Foley and Hall, 1988: 47)
say that something has happened, we are thinking about the past
and the present at the same time.
.I con not go on holiday because I have broken my leg .53
(Swan, 1994: 419)
The simple Present perfect is the most normal tense for giving
.news of recent events
And here are the main points of the news again. The
pound has fallen against the dollar. The Prime Minister has
said that the government's economic policies are working.
The number of unemployed has reached five million. There
has been a fire…. (ibid: 420)
We often use the simple present perfect for past events when
we are thinking of a period of time continuing up to now the
present- for example when we use indefinite time adverbs that
mean 'at some/any time to now', like ever, before, never, yet,
already.
54. Have you ever seen a ghost?
(ibid: 420)
1.4.3.4. Repetition and continuation to now
We can use the simple present prefect to say that something has
happened several times up to the present.
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2.5.3. The Use of the Present Perfect Continuous
Chapter Two
The Present Tense in Arabic
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2.1. Introduction:
The verb 'َ 'رَسَمin Arabic conjugates into the first person -5-
singular 'ُسمُ ْ 'أرlike the form ' I do' in English. We add the prefix '
'أat the first present singular to have the verb 'ُ'أرْسُم, which
Submitted by:Abed Al-Baseer Jamal Eid | abedaed85@yahoo.com
December 1, 2006 THE PRESENT TENSE BETWEEN ENGLISH AND ARABIC: ACOMPARTIVE STUDY
means in English 'I draw'. This rule applies to the trilateral verbs
fro example ' 'رسمthe three consonant are unchanged. (ibid)
We add the prefix ' 'أfor the first person singular, ' 'تfor the
second person singular and so on… and the most important is
the vowels or symbols on the top of each consonant. (ibid)
Singular
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Dual
Plural
If the Arabic verbs are proceeded by the Jussive articles: ', لم
ْ إن, ' ل الناهية, in this case there is no vowels at the end but it
ends with consonant sound. (ibid: 55)
The First Case: When we add the suffix ' ن ' 'نون التوكيدّ ' and the
prefix ' 'لَ ' ' لم القسمto the present form.
We add ' ّ ' نand ' َ ' لto make emphasis. (ibid: 116)
18. ٍ' يحتاجُ أحم ٌد إلى مئةِ دولرAhmad needs a hundred dollars.'
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Further, we use the Arabic Present Tense to express a
situation that began in the past and continues to the present.
(ibid: 68)
Submitted by:Abed Al-Baseer Jamal Eid | abedaed85@yahoo.com
December 1, 2006 THE PRESENT TENSE BETWEEN ENGLISH AND ARABIC: ACOMPARTIVE STUDY
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Chapter three
3.1. Introduction
E.g. 'Ali is a student' this sentence has the copula 'is' which
calls linking verb; this verb is in the surface structure. When we
translate this sentence into Arabic, we have 'ٌ "عليٌ طاِلبin this
sentence there is no verb 'it's verbless', the verb does not in the
surface structure but in the deep structure, the verb is ''يكون.
However, it will be 'ٌ'يكون عليٌ طالب. (Farghal & Shunnaq: 1999,
39) & (Alkhuli: 1999, 24)
6. It is raining.
.ُ يَنزِلُ المطر.6
7. The pigeon flies.
.ُ تطيرُ الحمامة.7
(ibid: 73)
P
partake partook partaken
pay paid paid
plead pleaded / pled pleaded / pled
prebuild prebuilt prebuilt
predo predid predone
premake premade premade
prepay prepaid prepaid
presell presold presold
preset preset preset
preshrink preshrank preshrunk
proofread proofread proofread
prove proved proven / proved
put put put
Q
quick-freeze quick-froze quick-frozen
quit quit / quitted quit / quitted
R
read read (sounds like "red") read (sounds like "red")
reawake reawoke reawaken
rebid rebid rebid
rebind rebound rebound
rebroadcast rebroadcast / rebroadcasted rebroadcast / rebroadcasted
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt
recast recast recast
recut recut recut
redeal redealt redealt
redo redid redone
redraw redrew redrawn
refit (replace parts) refit / refitted refit / refitted
refit (retailor) refitted / refit refitted / refit
regrind reground reground
regrow regrew regrown
rehang rehung rehung
rehear reheard reheard
reknit reknitted / reknit reknitted / reknit
relay (for example tiles) relaid relaid
relay (pass along) REGULAR relayed relayed
relearn relearned / relearnt relearned / relearnt
relight relit / relighted relit / relighted
remake remade remade
repay repaid repaid
reread reread reread
rerun reran rerun
resell resold resold
resend resent resent -5-
reset reset reset
resew resewed resewn / resewed
retake retook retaken
Englishpage.com (1998-2005)
English Bibliographies
Arabic References
المصادر العربية -5-
.2عبد الحميد ،محي الدين :التحفة السنية بشرح المقدمة الجرومية /
بيروت – المكتبة العصرية ).(2000
الخلصة
الدف من هذا البحث هو توضيح الزمن الضارع من إختلفاتٍ
وتشاباتٍ بي كلتا اللغتي العربية والنليزية .لتيسر على الطلبة تعلمَ اللغة -5-
الـمـضـارع الـزمـن
فـ ـي
:اللغة العربية والنج ليز ية
دراسة مقارنة
:إعداد
عبد البصير جمال أحمد عيد
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