Formulas from

plane analytic
geometry
DISTANCE d BETWEEN
TWO POINTS

P1(x1,y1) AND P2(x2,y2)

 SLOPE m OF LINE
JOINING TWO POINTS
P1(x1,y1) AND P2(x2,y2)
 EQUATION OF LINE
JOINING TWO POINTS
P1(x1,y1) AND P2(x2,y2)
 y = mx + b

where is the intercept on

the y axis, i.e. the y
intercept.
 EQUATION OF LINE IN
TERMS OF x INTERCEPT

a≠0 AND y INTERCEPT b≠O

NORMAL FORM FOR
EQUATION OF LINE
 xcosα + ysinα = p
where p = perpendicular distance from origin O to line
and   
      α = angle of inclination of perpendicular with
positive x axis.
GENERAL EQUATION
OF LINE

Ax + By + C = 0
 DISTANCE FROM POINT
(x1, y1) TO LINE Ax + By + C = 0

where the sign is chosen so that

the distance is nonnegative.
ANGLE ψ BETWEEN
TWO LINES HAVING
SLOPES m1, AND m2
 Lines are parallel or coincident if and
only if mx = m2.

Lines are perpendicular if and only if m2

= -1/m1.
AREA OF TRIANGLE
WITH VERTICES
@ (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3)
Area =

= ± ½ (x1y2 + y1x3 + y3x2 - y2x3 - y1x2 - x1y3)

where the sign is chosen so that the

area is nonnegative. If the area is zero
the points all lie on a line.
 
 Transformation of
Coordinates Involving
Pure Translation