Straight Line Notes.

notebook February 01, 2011

Unit 1 The Straight Line

Distance Formula

AB = √ (x - x )2 + (y - y )22 1 2 1

Ex. 1 Triangle PQR has vertices P( -3, 5 ),

Q( 7, 3 ) and R( -1, -5 ) as shown.
y

P
Q

Find the distances PQ, QR and PR.

P( -3, 5 ) Q( 7 , 3 )
x1 y1 x2 y2

2 2
PQ = √ (x - x ) + (y - y )
2 1 2 1

Q( 7 , 3 ) R( -3, 5 )
x1 y1 x2 y2

QR = √ (x - x )2 + (y - y )2
2 1 2 1

R( -1, -5 ) P( -3, 5 )
x1 y1 x2 y2

RP = √ (x - x )2 + (y - y )2 2 1 2 1

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Ex 2. Show that the triangle ABC with vertices

A ( -1, 4 ), B( 3, 5 ) and C ( 4, 1 ) is isosceles.

A( -1, 4 ) B( 3, 5 ) AB =√ (x - x )2 + (y - y )2
x1 y1 x2 y2 2 1 2 1

B( 3, 5 ) C ( 4, 1 ) 2
BC = √ (x - x ) + (y - y )
2
x2 y2
2 1 2 1
x1 y1

Hence 2 sides are equal AB = BC

Triangle is Isosceles
Copy of S5_Unit_1_Outcome_1 (2).ppt

Midpoint of a line
The midpoint of the line AB is
B( x2 , y2 )
given by
A( x1 , y1 )
M

M ½(A+B)

M ½( x1 +x ,
2
y1 +y ) 2

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Ex 3 Find the midpoints of the

lines
(a) AB A ( 2, 4 ), B( 10, -6 )
x1 y1 x2 y2

½ ( x +x , 1 2
y1 +y ) 2

(b) CD C ( -1, 4 ), D( -3, 10 )

x1 y1 x2 y2

½ ( x +x , 1 2
y1 +y )2

Ex 1 Page 2

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Gradient
If A is the point ( x1, y1) and B is the point ( x , y )
2 2

1 the gradient of the line through A

and B is given by
y
B
MAB -
= x -x
yy2 1
A ( x , y2 )
2

2 1
( x1 , y1 )
x1 = x2
o x

Alternatively, if ∅ is the angle which the y B

line makes with OX then, from the diagram y2 - y1
A
∅
x2 - x1

∅
o x

2 tan∅ =
y2
-y 1

x2 -x 1

So that MAB = tan∅ =

y2
-y
1

x2 -x
1

*1* For a line sloping up from left to right ∅ is an acute

angle and the gradient of the line is positive.

∅ x

*2* For a line sloping down from left to right ∅ is an

obtuse angle and the gradient of the line is negative.

∅
x

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4 possible gradients

positive negative
gradient gradient

zero
gradient
undefined
gradient

Ex. 1 Find the gradients of the lines joining

(a) A( 2,4 ) and B( 5,6 ) (b) C( -3,6 ) and D(-2,-3 )

(c) E( 1,5 ) and F( 1,7 )

(a) A( 2,4 ) and B( 5,6 )

x1 y1 x2 y2

(b) C( -3,6 ) and D(-2,-3 )

x1 y1 x2 y2

(c) E( 1,5 ) and F( 1,7 )

x1 y1 x2 y2

*** Two lines are parallel when they have the same gradient

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. ( -1, 5 )

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Exercise 7A Page 15 Q 5 to 8

End of Unit 1.1 straight Line

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Attachments

S5_Int2_Straight_Line.pps

S5_Unit_1_Outcome_1.pps

Distance Formula.ppt

Copy of S5_Unit_1_Outcome_1 ﴾2﴿.ppt