MEMRISTOR

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 Contents
 Introduction
 History
 Theory
 An analogy
 Construction
 Working
 Possible applications
 Conclusion
 References

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 WHAT IS MEMRISTOR?
 Fourth fundamental circuit element
 Two terminal device
 Passive device
 Its resistance depends on the amount of
charge passed through it
 That’s why it is called “memristor”(memory
resistor)

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 The beginning
v

Resistor Capacitor
dv=Rdi dq=Cdv

i q

Inductor Memristor
Leon
In 2008Chua
d=Ldi by Stanley
a teamproposed
leadd =Mdq Williams
the existence of memristor in 1971
created the first
memristor

φ
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Theory

Or

Or

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 An analogy
Memristor Pipe
Charge Water
Conductance Cross sectional area
Potential Pressure

When water flows When water flows in

in one direction opposite direction
the diameter the diameter
increases decreases (resistance
(resistance increases)
decreases)

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 Construction of TiO2 memristor
Pt TiO2-x TiO2

Equivalent circuit

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Working

Tio2-x Ron

Roff
Tio2

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 Applications
 As a switch
 As a non volatile memory
 Can perform logic operations
 In artificial neural networks

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 As a switch

Off state (high resistance) On state (low resistance)

0 1
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 As a memory unit

1 cm3 memristor = 1 terabit

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 Logical operations
• Naturally suited for performing implication
operation

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In artificial neural networks

Memristive systems

Synapse=memristor
The Hodgkin-Huxley circuit model of a neuron axon membrane.

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 How is it going to change the future?

POSSIBLE INVENTIONS UTILIZING MEMRISTORS TIME

•memory for cameras, cell phones, iPods, iPads, etc. 1 to 5 years

•universal memory replacing hard drives, RAM, flash, etc. in all computer devices 5 to 10 years
•complex self learning neural networks and hybrid transistor/memristor circuits 5 to 15 years
•memristic logic circuits on par with CPUs and other transistor circuits 15 to 20 years
•advanced artificial thinking brains 20 to 30 years?
•artificial conscious brains ?
•memory and brains capable of living millions of years ?
•artificial conscious beings capable of interstellar travel ?

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 Conclusion
 Memristor will change circuit design in the
21st century as radically as the transistor
changed it in the 20th.

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 References
 How We Found the Missing Memristor by Stanley Williams, IEEE
Spectrum December 2008.
 L.O, Chua, Memristor-missing circuit clement, IEEE Tans . Circuit
Theory, Vol. 18, 1971, pp. 507-519.
 Memristor and Memristive Systems Symposium, University of California,
Berkeley, November 21,2008.
 Stateful Implication Logic with Memristors by Eero Lehtonen, Mika Laiho
2009 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures

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THANK YOU

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MEMRISTOR

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