Chapter 4

Section 2
Page 104-109
 Sexual Reproduction
• Two sex cell come together
• Sex cells are only produced in reproductive
organs
– Sperm – formed in male reproductive organs
– Egg – formed in female reproductive organs
• Fertilization is the joining of these two cells
– The result of fertilization is a zygote
– Cell division begins after fertilization
 Mitosis
• Cells every where in your body that have 23
pairs of chromosomes
• Each chromosome has a match, when cells
have similar chromosomes they are called
diploid (2n)
 Meiosis
• Cells produced in the reproductive organs do
not have pairs of chromosome
• They are called haploid (n)
• Human sex cells are haploid – they have only
23 chromosomes (n)
 Meiosis
• Ensures that offspring have the same diploid
number of chromosomes as their parents.
• After two haploid cells are joined, a diploid
zygote is formed
• This zygote develops into a new organism
 Meiosis occurs into two stages
• Meiosis I – two cells form
• Interphase ii II
• Each chromosome is duplicated ii ii II II
• Each pair of chromosome lines up near each
similar duplicate mate.
• Methaphase – the centromere do not split in two
• Anaphase the whole chromatid is pulled two
cells are formed ii II – ii II
 Meiosis II
• ii II – ii II These two cells divide forming 4 cells
with half the original information
• The two cells resulted from Meiosis I undergo
Meiosis II
• ii II – ii II ProphaseII
• Methaphase II – lined up
• Anaphase II – Pull apart
• Telophase II – four cells
 Mistakes in Meiosis
• Organisms with the wrong number of
chromosomes may not grow normally or
survive.
• http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N10
0/2K2humancsomaldisorders.html