m NUCLEUS

Proton + Neutron
Electron moves around it in its orbit
No. of protons = No. of electrons
Remove electron implies +ve charge
Supply electron implies -ve charge
Unit of charge is coulomb
1 coulomb = charge on 6.26x1018 electrons
m RESISTER

Resist the flow of current

Passive Device

Mostly Linear Device

m TYPES OF RESISTER

Wire Wound Register

Grid Register
Carbon Composition Register ( low inductance )
Carbon Film Register
Metal Film Register
Metal Oxide Film Register
Light Dependent Register (LDR)
Voltage Dependent Register (VDR)
m RESISTOR IN SERIES
m VOLTAGE DIVIDER
m RESISTOR IN PARALLEL
m ALTERNATING CURRENT

In a DIRECT CURRENT (dc) circuit
the current flows in one direction
only.

In an ALTERNATING CURRENT
(ac) circuit the direction of current
flow through the circuit changes at a
particular frequency (f).
m ALTERNATING CURRENT (CONT.)

The emf produced by an ac ELECTRIC GENERATOR is
SINUSOIDAL. The current produced in a closed circuit
connected to the generator is also sinusoidal.
m ALTERNATING CURRENT (CONT.)

Since the current oscillates between positive and negative
values, the average current in an AC circuit is ZERO.

Electrons do move back and forth in the circuit so heat and
power are produced

The power delivered to a resistor at any instant is:

Since sin2 2ÿft varies

between 0 and 1, its
average value is 1/2.
Thus the average
power developed is
equal to the dotted
line in figure 18-15
m ALTERNATING CURRENT (CONT.)

Consider a circuit
consisting of an AC
source and a resistor

The graph shows the
current through and the
voltage across the
resistor

The current and the
voltage reach their
maximum values at the
same time

The current and the
voltage are said to be u


m RMS CURRENT AND VOLTAGE

The     is the direct current that would
dissipate the same amount of energy in a resistor
as is actually dissipated by the AC current
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Alternating voltages can also be discussed in terms
of rms values
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