CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL

Solar Water Heating System

Group Member:
Muhammad Hashrul MEC 097081
Mohd Nidzam Shafiq MEC 097058
Muhammad Salihin MEC 097088
 WHAT IS CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM?
 A process which the variable to be control is continuously
measured with the set value and corrected.
 A signal path which includes a forward path, a feedback path
and form a closed circuit.
Summing Point
Input Output

process

Feedback
EXAMPLE OF CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL
 Solar Water Heating System
HOW IT WORK?
 The temperature inside the tank is sensed and measured
by temperature sensor.
 Intelligent controller receive a signal from temperature
sensor.
 Intelligent controller compares this measurement with
set point and adjust the circulating pump so the cold
water will flow and will be heated by solar water heater.
 Difference between intelligent controller and set point is
the error signal.
 When the error is not zero, the intelligent controller open
or close the circulating pump to return the temperature to
the set point
7 PRECAUTION STEP IN THIS SYSTEM

 Safety:
 Pressure/temperature valve always monitored to make sure the temperature
and pressure inside the tank always in the safety condition.
 Environment Protection:
 Add sensor that specifically used to detect any impurities that may harm the
quality of the hot water.
 Equipment Protection:
 To make sure the tank is not over flow we should add one flow valve before
the water entering the tank.
 This will ensure the water that enter the tank will maintain the pressure and
temperature of the tank.
 Smooth Operation Production Rate:
 Make sure the cold water at the constant rate so the solar temperature heater
will not overheat or slowing the heating process of water.
 Product Quality:
 To make sure the water temperature in the tank always at the desire
temperature level and stay at it longer, the tank should modified using hot
water thermos method.
 High Profit:
 Add sensor that will calculate the optimum water flow at the input to make
sure there is no water wasted.
 Monitoring And Diagnosis:
 Send person to check the circulating pump and solar temperature monthly to
make sure both equipment well function.
SIGNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Set Point

Cold water Controller Final Control Element Process Hot Water

Intelligent controller Circulating pump Temperature of water

Temperature sensor

Feedback
The End…