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 Zefe0g&Dv? 2011 tifwmAsL; pmrsufESm (9)

a&'D,kd av#mh/ wDAD wd;k csJrΠnfh DVB

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ðyvkyfrnfjzpfonf? “usaemfw@kd xrJ mS qdk Donor wckxJ &Sw d ,f/ 3 ESppf m oabmwlnD usaemfjrifwm 'D jyifyrD', D mawG&ŒJ tcef;u¾u t&rf;udk ta&;}u;D
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jyifqifrr_ sm; vkyv f su&f odS nf? 'DEpS jf ynfah wmh igw@kd ray;awmhb;l aygq h w kd hJ tJ'v
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&yfqidk ;f r_EiS fh oufa&mufr/_ tvSL&Sirf sm; rl0g' tajymif;tvJ/ b¾maiG awGvnf; wu,fwrf; ajym&&if jzpfEidk w f mayg?h olw@kd Beyond control tvSL&Sif awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u jrefrmjynfxu J kd OD;pm;ay;
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xG e f ; xG e f ; u DVB tr_ a qmif n$ e f = um;a&;rS L ; OD ; at;csrf ; Ek d i f u d k wcsed af ygah emf? usaemfw@kd pOf;pm;zd@k vw dk muawmh tJ'v D ókd uvH mwJt h cgrmS tJ'geJUywfoufNyD; b,fvrkd sm; rSwcf suaf y;csio f vJ/
qufoG,far;jref;xm;ygonf? b,fvkd Recover vkyrf vJqw kd hJ [mudak wmh usaemfw@dk Plan vkyzf @dk awmh “aumvm[vvnf; ygygw,f? wcsKŒd wu,fjzpfaewJh [mawG
axmufyrhH x I uJ b,favmuf&mcdik Ef eI ;f avmuf avQmch sc&H ovJ/ vd k w maygh ? pOf ; pm;zd k @ vd k w ,f ? óud w if u muG , f x m;zk d @ vd k r ,f vnf; &Syd gw,f? 'gayrJh usaemf jrifwmuawmh txl;ojzifh usaemfw@kd ukd
yrmPtm;jzifh b,favmuf&ydS gvJ cifAs/ tJ'Dtydkif;awG”? axmufyahH ewJh tzG@J tpnf;awGaygah emf? Europe wd@k / tar&dum;wd@k ? [dk
“usaemfw@kd 15 &mcdik Ef e_ ;f avmuf &Syd gw,f? 5 ode;f (tar&duef wu,f v d k U aemuf x yf a vQmh c srI a wG &S d v mcJ h r ,f q d k & if olw@kd txJrmS 0if+y;D awmh txJrmS vkyaf ewJh vkyif ef;awGvnf; &Syd gw,f?
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'Dv&kd yfqidk ;f oGm;wJt h wGuf yHrk eS v f nfywfrx I uJ b,fu@awG “usaemfwkd@awmh trsKd;pHkawmh jyifxm;ygw,f? aemufwcku vkyfief;awGudk quf+yD;awmh axmufyHhaew,fqdkwJh olwdk@bufu
xdcu kd o f mG ;rvJ/ av#mw h ,fqw kd mu wu,fuawmh usaemfw@kd ukd av#mv h ukd w f mawmh Commitment awGvnf; &Sw d m jrifygw,f”?
“usaemfwdk@ twdtusuawmh a&'D,dktcsdefav#mhzdk@ &Sdygw,f? r[kwfbl;/ ajym&&ifawmh? b,fvdkajymrvJ? usaemfwkd@udk ay;aewJh “'gayrJh wzufu jyef=unfh&ifawmh olwdk@udk rif;wdk@ txJ0if&
aemuf+y;D awmh usaemfw@kd Entertainment (azsmaf jza&;) eJ@ ywfoufwhJ tzG@J tpnf;awGrmS olw@kd &ŒJ rjrifEidk w f hJ jy\emawGaygah emf? tJ'grsK;d eJ@ aumif;vm;/ rif;wk@d igw@dk ukd jzwf&aumif;vm; qd+k y;D awmh tjypfyckH sv@kd
Program (tpDtpOf) udk usaemfw@kd av#mz h @kd &ydS gw,f? aemufwcku &Sw d hJ oGm;+y;D awmh jzpfwu hJ pd aP yg?h usaemfw@kd DVB &JΠvkyif ef;udik if ef;awGudk &ygw,f? 'gayrJh wzufu jyefpOf;pm;zdk@ vdkwmu olwdk@ bmvdk@
atmfya&;&Si;f wcsKŒd udk av#mzh @kd &ydS gw,f”? oabmrusvkd@ usaemfwdk@udk Budget Cut vkyfw,f? tJ'Dvdk yHkpHrsKd; txJ0ifomG ;ovJ? +y;D awmh wcsKŒd tzG@J tpnf;awGukd bmvd@k jzwfovJ?
avQmch s&r,ft h wGuf b,fvx kd cd ukd rf aI wG &So d mG ;rvJ/ r[k w f y gbl ; ? r[k w f b J e J @ ol w d k @ ud k , f w k d i f u d k Control rvkyfEkdifwJh Oyrm usaemfw@kd ukd bmvd@k jzwfovJ? Oyrm jzwfcw hJ ,f qk&d ifawmifrS
“t"duu usaemfxifwm a&'D,rkd mS a&'D,&kd ŒJ tcsed f av#mv h udk w f hJ jy\emawG jzpfvmvd@k 'g jzpfomG ;wJh jy\emyJ”? Oyrmajymwmaemf? usaemfwkd@ tukefvHk;udk òcH+yD;awmh pOf;pm;zdk@awmh
tydik ;f aygah emf? tJ'rD mS awmh awmfawmfav; xdr,f? 'gayrJh wzufuvnf; “qkdawmh wydkif;uvnf; usaemfwdk@u a&&SnftwGufudkawmh vdkwmaygh? bmvdk@qdkawmh 'DtzGJŒtpnf;awG tukefvHk;u jrefrmjynf
usaemfwdk@taeeJ@ jynfwGif;&JΠImpact (oufa&mufr_) udk/ usaemfwdk@ pOf;pm;&r,fqdkwmu usaemfwdk@ rD'D,m vkyfief;awGu wESpfudk 'D r d k u a&pD v_ y f & S m ;r_ u d k vG e f c J h w J h tES p f 20 awmuf a v#muf
tckvkyfaewJh tvkyfrSm jynfwGif;rSm&SdwJh aomw&SifawGtwGuf (ESpfpOfayghaemf) bwf*sufu jyefoGm;ae&wmqdkawmh tJ'Dtwkdif; axmufccH w hJ ,f/ axmufychH w hJ ,f? tck tcsed rf mS olw@kd &ŒJ Ideology awG/
rxdcu kd Ef idk af tmifaygah emf? xdcu kd rf _ tenf;qH;k jzpfatmif t"duxm;+y;D oGm;vd@k awmh r&bl;”? ol w d k @ &J Œ tawG;tac:awG/ olwdk@&JŒ enf;AsL[mawG wjznf;jznf;
usew f t hJ ydik ;f udk usaemfw@dk av#mEh idk o f r# av#mrh ,f? Oyrm apmapmuvdk BBC jrefrmydi k ;f vnf; avQmch sc&H wmrsK;d &Sad eygw,f/ wcsKUd ajymif;oGm;w,f’’?
atmfpvdk¶Hk;&JŒ Operation av#mhwJh[mrsKd;? tJ'grsKd;qdk&if usaemfwdk@ tifwmeuf tGev f ikd ;f owif;Xme wcsKUd t*Fvyd b f momeJU xkww f hJ “qkdawmh tJ'Dhajymif;oGm;wJh[mu bmvdk@ ajymif;oGm;ovJ
Program tydi k ;f rSm usaemfw@kd rxdb;l ? 'gayrJh 'Dbuf*sut f ydik ;f rSmawmh r*¾Zif;? *sme,f &yfqidk ;f vdu k w f mrsK;d vnf; &Syd gw,f/ qdak wmh qd k w J h [ mud k a wmh usaemf w k d @ tm;vH k ; pOf ; pm;zd k @ awmh vd k w ,f ?
usaemf w d k @ Cut vk y f v d k @ &w,f ? tJ ' D v d k [ mrsKd ; awG u d k usaemf w d k @ 'DtajctaeawGaMumifh jynfytajcpdkuf jrefrmrD'D,mawG olw@kd uckd sn;f yJ rif;wd@k ajymif;&aumif;vm; qk+d y;D awmh tjypfyckH sv@kd awmh
t"duxm;+y;D vkyrf ,f”? yHpk aH jymif;vJvmr,fh taetxm;rsK;d &Sv d m;As/ r&bl;? txl;ojzifh ydkqdk;wmuawmh usaemfwkd@tjrift& txJrSm
tpDtpOfwcsKUd avQmch s&vkUd jynfwiG ;f y&dowfawGtwGuf “usaemfjrifwmuawmh usaemfwdk@ aocsmawmhpOf;pm;zdk@vdkw,f wu,fwrf; vufawG@t& ajymif;wmr[kwfbl;? tay:,Hajymif;wJh
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“usaemf j rif w mawmh trsm;}uD ; awmh rxd c d k u f E d k i f y gbl ; ? rD', D mqkad yr,fh usaemfw@dk ukd ay;aewJh Donor awG&ŒJ &nf&, G cf suu f t&yfom;tpd;k & xGuv f mr,fqw kd hJ tay:,H tajymif;tvJav;eJ@ olw@kd
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ywfouf+yD;awmh xdcdkufr_awG &SdEdkifygw,f? 'gayrJh wcsdefwnf;rSmyJ qdkawmh ajym&&if EkdifiHa&;ay:vpDt& oGm;=uwm? jyifyEkdifiHawGu usaemfw@kd p+y;D awmh tpDtpOfawG qGaJ eyg+y?D Oyrm xm;ygawmh ckeuvdk
usaemfwdk@ a&'D,dkav#mhw,fqdkayr,fh wDADydkif;rSm usaemfwdk@ jyefcsJŒzdk@ Ekid if aH &;ay:vpD ajymif;r,fq&kd if usaemfw@dk rmS vnf; Effect jzpfrmS yJ”? Income Generate aygh? Alliance yHkpHrsKd; udk,fh[mudk,f &yfwnfEkdifzdk@
&Syd gw,f? wDAu D kd 'Dxufy+kd y;D awmhayg?h tckawmh usaemfw@kd wae@ukd 3/ “tEœ&m,fuawmh &Sdw,f? &Sdw,fqdkwm pdefac:r_u usaemfwkd@ ud,
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tcsd e f a wmf a wmf r sm;rsm; v$ i f h o G m ;zd k @ &S d y gw,f ? t"d u uawmh 'Dr'D , D mvkyif ef; vky+f yq D u kd wnf;uku d 'Dae@ toHvi$ rhf ,fq&dk if v$iu hf kd ptaumiftxnfazmfaewJh tydik ;f awG &Sad eygw,f? 'gayrJh usaemfw@kd
'Dowif;u¾aygh”? v$i&hf r,f? 7 em&Dvi$ rhf ,f v$i&hf r,f? 8 em&Dvi$ rhf ,fqkd v$i&hf r,f? wae@ taeeJ@ ajym&&ifawmh tck axmufyHhaewJh tzGJ@tpnf;awGtay:rSm
“usaemfwkd@ wDADu 24 em&D &xm;wJhtwGufa=umifh wDADrSm 2 em&Dvi$ &hf r,fqkd 2 em&D v$i&hf r,f? 'Daumifu &yfv@dk r&bl;? qdak wmh t,Hkt=unf tjynfh&Sdygw,f? &Sdw,fqkdwmu olwdk@udk,fwkdifvnf;
usaemfw@kd awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk csŒJ oGm;r,f? csŒJ oGm;wJh tydik ;f rSmqd&k if usaemfw@kd taeeJ@u a&&Snu f kd pDru H ed ;f qG+J y;D vky&f r,fh tvkyu f ;kd ? tJ'rD mS usaemf w d k @ vk y f a ewJ h vk y f i ef ; ud k atmif j rif w ,f q k d w mud k ol w d k @
aomw&Siaf wGu jrefrmjynfxrJ mS jzpfysuaf ewJh ta=umif;t&mawGukd 'D Funding udk aocsmtcdik t f rm rwnfaqmufEidk b f ;l qd&k if usaemfw@kd axmufcw H ,f? ta&;}u;D w,f qkw d mudv k nf; olw@kd todtrSwðf yw,f/
tckxufukd yd+k y;D awmh odvmrSmyg”? twGuf tEœ&m,f awmfawmfav; }uD;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@qdkwmav ,Hkvnf; ,Hk=unfw,f? qdkawmh a&SŒvmr,fhESpf 4/ 5/ 6 ESpfuawmh
bwf*sut f avQmch &H wmu bmaMumifv h AJ s/ jyifyrD'D,mawG tukefvHk;aygh? rZÆdryJjzpfjzpf/ {&m0wDyJajymajym/ usaemfw@dk vH;k 0 pdwrf yl&bl;? rylb;l qkw d m jrefrmjynfxrJ mS ajymif;vJr_
“Funding av#mhcscH&wm r[kwfbl;? r[kwfbl;qkdwmu ckeu 'DAb D yD aJ jymajym tukev f ;kH u 'Dvykd pkH yH ”J ? r&Sdoa&G@/ tckvdk tpdk;& ydwfqdk@xm;oa&G@ ckeu tukefvHk;ayghaemf/
usaemfajymovdkyJ usaemfwdk@udk ay;aewJh Donors (tvSL&Sif) awG “aemufwcku ydq k ;kd wmuawmh jrefrmjynfxrJ mS tcktcsed x f u d kd jynfyrD', D mawG ta&;}u;D wJh tcef;u¾ ta&;}u;D aeOD;rSmayg”h ?
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2011 ckep
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of narcotic drugs and
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olrmS vnf; tuJjzwftzG@J 0g&if'h g¶u kd w f m yef;cspD ;kd rd;k yif jzpfonf? 0g&if h o ¶k y f a qmif tu,f ' rD r if ; orD ; }uD ; a':aqG Z if x k d u f v nf ; Zmwfaqmifa&m/ Zmwfydk@a&m ay;apcsifwmaygh&Sif? tckvdk ray;awmh
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um;wum;vH k ; tuk e f v H k ; aumif ; rS Zmwf u m;qk ay;wm? tck 'gayrJh qkay;&r,fholawG pHkatmifray;wmawmh pdwfraumif;bl;? ,ckESpf tu,f'rDay;yGJwGif yHkrSef 11 qkteufrS trsKd;om;
Zmwfum;qk oufoufay;xm;awmh usaemfwdk@vnf; em;rvnfbl;? trsKd;orD; Zmwfaqmifqkqdkwm [dk;uwnf;u txifu& &SdcJhwm? Zmwfy@kd qEk iS hf trsK;d orD;Zmwfaqmifqu k kd csevf yS x f m;cJjh cif; jzpfonf?
vl } uD ; awG & J Œ tawG ; tac:u od y f j rif h a eawmh usaemf w d k @ vnf ; 'DEpS vf nf; ay;r,fq&dk if ay;vd@k &wmyJ” [k 1977 wGif “rde;f uav;&Si&f ŒJ tpdk;&ay:vpDrsm;udk taxmuftulðyaprnfh Zmwfum;rsm;udk
vku d rf rDawmhb;l ? 'guawmh ygqife,f ygcsiyf grmS ayg”h qEN”Zmwfum;jzifh Zmwfy@kd q&k cJo h l rif;orD;}u;D u qdo k nf? zdtm;ay; ¶dkuful;cdkif;jcif;u ¶kyf&Sifavmutay: tm%mydkifrsm;.
2002 ckESpfwGif “igolwpfyg; a,musfm; rdef;r” Zmwfum;jzifh ,ck E S p f w G i f o¶k y f a qmif td ¹ EN m ausmf Z if E S i f h eEN m v_ d i f w d k @ . v$r;f rd;k r_ukd jyaeouJo h @kd ,if;od@k tpd;k &apcdik ;f r_jzifh wzufowf ¶du k u f ;l
tu,f'rD&cJo h nfh 'g¶u kd w f m yef;cspD ;kd rd;k . pum;wGif ¶ky&f iS af vmutwGuf o¶kyfaqmifr_rsm;onf trsKd;orD; ZmwfaqmifqktwGuf tu,f'rD xm;onfh Zmwfum;rsm;udkvnf; jrefrmy&dowfrsm; vufrcHa=umif;
&wufrat;onfh tEkynmorm;wOD;. cHpm;r_rsm; awG@ae&onf? ay;Edik af vmufa=umif; a':aqGZifxu kd uf ,H=k unfxm;onf? jrifawG@&qJ jzpfonf? tpd;k &rl0g' ay:vpD Zmwfum; ¶du k u f ;l ol 'g¶u kd w f m/
wu,fwrf; tu,f'rDyGJwGif trsKd;orD; t"duZmwfaqmifqk qk a y;jcif ; ray;jcif ; onf wES p f w mtwG i f ; xk w f v k y f o nf h yg0ifol o¶kyfaqmifrsm; tu,f'rD qk&&Sdr_ taetxm;udk tcsKdŒu
ray;jcif;rsKd; ,cifuvnf; &SdcJhzl;onf? twdtusqdkv#if tu,f'rD Zmwfum;yrm%/ a&G;cs,af &; tuJjzwftzG‹J . pHEe_ ;f owfrw S rf t_ ay: axmufjyonf?
ordkif;wav#muf trsKd;orD;ynmonfqk (odk@) trsKd;orD; t"du t"du rlwnfaomfvnf; ay:vpDum; t¶dkufrsm;olwdk@ r=umc% ¶k y f & S i f x k w f v k y f a &; vk y f i ef ; rsm; tjrwf t pG e f ; enf ; yg;+yD ;
Zmwfaqmifqk ray;jcif;rSm ,ckEpS f tygt0if 6 }urd f &S+d yD jzpfonf? rqv atmifyGJcHjcif;ESifh tjcm;wzufwGif bufrvdkuf tEkynmonfrsm; t&nftaoG;ydkif; tm;enf;vm&jcif;rSm aps;uGuftaetxm;udk
tpd;k &vufxufY 4 }urd /f etzvufxufwiG f 2007 ESihf ,ckw}urd f &oif h & xd k u f a om qk r &jcif ; rsm;a=umif h ¶k y f & S i f a vmuom;rsm; csed q f ¶du k uf ;l &jcif;a=umifh jzpfa=umif; u|r;f usio f rl sm;u oH;k oyfonf?
jzpfonf? pdwrf csr;f rom jzpf&onfh t}urd u f rsm;aeonf? “rudkufbl;&,fvdk@awmh r[kwfbl;? Zmwfwckcs&if aps;uGuf
pifppf tu,f'rDay;yGJ ordik ;f wGif trsK;d om; t"duZmwfaqmifqk ,ckESpfwGif “rdk;ntdrfrufjrL” Zmwfum; ¶kduful;jzifh aewdk;u óudufr,fh Zmwfvrf;rsKd; OD;wnfpOf;pm;&w,f? qifqmcGifhðyEdkifr,fh
ray;onfh t}urd u f ydI k yif rsm;onfukd awG@&onf? 1954 ckEpS rf S 1992 taumif ; qH k ; Zmwf a qmif q k &cJ h o uJ h o d k @ ,if ; Zmwf u m;jzif h y if Zmwfvrf;jzpf&if ukefusp&dwfenf;enf;/ tcsdefenf;enf;eJ@ vl0ifr,fh
ckEpS t f =um; tu,f'rDay;yGJ 35 }urd w f iG f trsK;d om;t"du Zmwfaqmifqk o¶kyfaqmifopf pdk;jynfhoZifudk trsKd;orD;Zmwfydk@qk csD;jr‡ifhcJhonf? um;jzpf z d k @ OD ; pm;ay; &wmaygh ? aps;uG u f r S m [moum;ayguf & if
ray;onfh t}urd f 14 }urd t f xd &Scd o hJ nfukd rSww f rf;rsm;wGif awG@&onf? Zmwfum; wum;xJrS tu,f'rD 2 qk qGwfcl;ay;EdkifcJhaomfvnf; [moawGyJ vdkuf¶dkuf=uwJh oabm&Sdw,f? aps;uGufudk csdef&awmh
jref r mEd k i f i H w G i f 1920 jynh f Y ¶k y f ¶ S i f x k w f v k y f a &;vk y f i ef ; ¶dkuful;ol 'g¶dkufwm =unfjzLo#if udk,fwdkifurl qka&G;cs,fr_tay: t&nftaoG; uswmayg”h [k xkwv f yk of l wOD;u qdo k nf?
pwifay:aygufvmcJh+yD; yxrqHk; tu,f'rD xl;c|efqkudk 1952 wGif tm;rvdt k m;r& jzpfaeqJyif jzpfonf? oufwrf; ESpf 90 pGe;f pGe;f ,ae@jrefrmh¶yk &f iS af vmu. xkwv f yk rf _
pay;onf? xdrk S pwifco hJ nfh jrefrmh¶yk &f iS f xl;c|eq f ak y;yGu J kd 1963/ 1986/ “rd;k ntdrrf ufjrLrSmqk&d if oifZm0ihaf usmu f kd t&rf;óuu d =f uw,f? t&nftaoG;onf wcsed u f aiG&wkacwf acwfa[mif; ¶ky&f iS rf sm;xufyif
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pwif c sd e f u taumif ; qH k ; Zmwf u m;qk u d k y/ 'k / w oH k ; qk / wu,fvnf; oifZm0ihaf usmu f t&rf;aumif;ygw,f? y&dowfuvnf; rnf o d k @ a0zef a jymqd k = uapumrl jref r mh ¶ k y f & S i f a vmuES i f h
trsK;d om;ynmonf 1 qk ESihf trsK;d orD; ynmonf 1 qk aygi;f 5 qkom ol@udk &apcsifw,f? bma=umihf r&vJ qdkwmawmh trwdk@vnf; avmuom;wd@k onf a&SŒqufcsw D uf=uOD;rnfom jzpfonf? wESpw f cg
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1954 ckEpS w f iG f 'g¶u kd w f mqk xyfw;kd ay;onf? 1955 wGif Zmwfum; xdkZmwfum;jzifh 'g¶dkufwm=unfjzLo#if 'g¶dkufwmqk&rnf[k qufvuf usif;yaeOD;rnfom jzpfonf? ewf}uD;onf[k wifpm;avh
1 um;wnf ; qk a y;onf h pepf u d k pajymif ; cJ h + yD ; ,if ; ES p f w G i f ¶ky&f iS af vmuom;rsm; xifa=u; ay;cJah omfvnf; wu,fwrf; ,if;qk &Sdonfh tu,f'rDqktwGuf ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; ¶kyf&Sifavmuom;wdk@
zd;k òy;H csKZd mwfum;wGif o¶kyaf qmifco hJ nfh 0if;rmudk “txl;qk” ay;cJo h nf? &oGm;olrmS “aZmfu uaeonf” Zmwfum;¶du k u f ;l ol oufwrf;&ifh &ifckefae=uOD;rnfjzpfovdk/ zefom;jyiftoD;oD;wGifvnf; y&dowfrsm;
1956 wGif ¶kyf&Sif"mwfyHkqk/ 1962-ckESpfwGif trsKd;om; trsKd;orD; 'g¶d k u f w m rD ; yG m ; jzpf o nf ? “td r f ” oD c sif ; jzif h emrnf } uD ; cJ h o l apmifah r#maf e=uOD;rnfom jzpfonf?
Zmwf y d k @ qk r sm; (,if ; ES p f w G i f ynmonf t pm; Zmwf a qmif [ k "d&mrd&k rf mS vnf; xdZk mwfum;jzifyh if aw;*Dwqk &&Scd o hJ nf? xd k @ twl rqH k ; Ed k i f a om tjiif ; yG m ;r_ E S i f h a0zef r _ r sm;rS m vnf ;
pwif a jymif ; oH k ; onf ) / 1977 wG i f uav;o¶k y f a qmif t jzpf taumif;qHk; Zmwfum;qkudk 'g¶dkufwm pifa&mfarmifarmifu quf I quf I &S d a eOD ; rnf j zpf + yD ; wcsd e f w G i f Tta=umif ; t&m
atmifxGef;av;/ 1978 wGif txl;qkudk t*Fvefpdefwdk@ &onfrSty “óud;=umawmifyHcwfoH” Zmwfum;jzifh &cJh+yD; xdkZmwfum;jzifhyif tm;vH;k wd@k onf “tu,f'rDyjkH yif” rsm; tjzpfom usecf rhJ nfjzpfonf?
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l nf tar&duef jynfaxmifpk qefz&efppPuòkd rŒd rS pufb;D jzifh urBmwywf ,if;tpnf;ta0;wGif 2011 qD;*dr;f Y tm;pm;enf; 42 rsK;d xnfo h iG ;f usi;f y&ef twnfðycJ+h y;D aemufq;kH
(21700 uDvrkd w D m) yxrqH;k ywfEikd cf o hJ nf? yg0ifvmonfh tm;upm;enf;rSm a*guo f ;D ¶du k f jzpfonf? od@k aomf yGu J si;f ya&;aumfrwDu xnfo h iG ;f usi;f y&ef
(1709 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D 5 &uf) tqkðd yonfh a[mfuED iS hf um,Av tm;upm;enf;rsm;udrk l &efyakH iG tajctaea=umifh xnfo h iG ;f &ef acwW
&moDOwk ¶kww f &uf tvGeaf t;vmojzifh Oa&myEdik if o H m;rsm; axmifcsu D m aoqH;k cJo h nf? qdkif;iHhcJhonf?
òrdŒwòrdŒpDwGif tm;upm;enf; 21 rsKd;pD usif;yrnfjzpf+yD; abmvHk;òydifyGJ aemufqHk;AdkvfvkyGJtm;
(1896 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D 5 &uf)
yvrfbef;wGio f m usi;f yrnf jzpfonf?
*smref ¶lyaA' ynm&Sif Wilhelm Roentgen onf X-rays udk &SmazGawG@&cdS o hJ nf?
xk@d jyif ,if;tpnf;ta0;wGif 2013 ckEpS t f wGuf usi;f yrnfh 27 }urd af jrmuf qD;*dr;f òyid yf u JG kd jrefrmEkid if H
(1789 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D 7 &uf) aejynfawmfY usif;y&ef twnfðycJhonf? jrefrmEkdifiHonf 1969 ckESpf qD;*drf; (xdkpOfu u|ef;qG,f
tar&duefwiG f Edik if aH wmf orRwudk a&G;aumufyjJG zifh yxrqH;k a&G;cs,w f ifajrm‡ ufco hJ nf? tm;upm;yGaJ wmf) udk tdr&f iS t f jzpf aemufq;kH usi;f ycJzh ;l onf?
(1955 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D 7 &uf)
Marian Anderson onf e,l;a,mufp;D wD;wGif azsma

(1989 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D 8 &uf)

f jzaom yxrqH;k vlrnf;tqdak wmf jzpfvmcJo h nf?
aygvfpcdk;ESifh pmcsKyfopf csKyfvdka-umif; zm*lqef ajym
"mwkaA' vufeufrsm; pkaqmif;r_ukd tqH;k owfrnf[k qdAk , D uf,el , D u H uwday;cJo h nf? (The Sun) Zefe0g&D 25 ajymcJh+yD;/ +yD;cJhonfhvwGif tjcm; toif ; ES i f h t+yD ; owf pmcsKyf
(1994 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D 8 &uf) 0g&ifuh pm;orm; ¶GKd if,ef*pf (Ryan csKyfqkd&ef aqG;aEG;aeqJjzpfonf?
±k&mS ;vkyf tmumo,mOf wDtrf-18 udk tmumovrf;a=umif;xJo‹kd armif;ESiEf ikd cf o hJ nf? o&Jet D oif;[k trnfajymif; Giggs) udk tvm;wl oufwrf;wd;k od@k aomf qmtJvufpf zm*lqefu
(1987 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D 9 &uf) tac:cH & onf h ref c suf p wm pmcsKyfopf csKyfqEkd idk cf +hJ y;D jzpfonf? aemuf u surf ; vS r f ; r_ taejzif h
w±kw/f AD,uferf e,fjcm;ppf jzpfymG ;&m vl 1500 aoqH;k cJo h nf? ,lEu
dk wf uftoif;u upm;orm; aygvfpcdk;onf +yD;cJhonfhESpf ,ck v d k urf ; vS r f ; cJ h a =umif ;
(1944 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D 10 &uf) aygvf p cd k ; (Paul Scholes) ud k Ekd0ifbmvtwGif; '%f&ma=umifh onfqef;wGif azmfjyxm;onf?
+Awd o d #wyfrsm;onf &cdik jf ynfe,f armif;awmòrŒd udk odrf ;f ydu k cf o
hJ nf? toif;wGif qufupm;rnfqydk gu tem;,laecJh&oljzpf+yD; ,cktcg “zm*l q ef t aeeJ @ uawmh
pmcsKyf o pf xyf c sKyf v d k a =umif ; oufomvm+yD[k od&onf? ol urf;vSr;f xm;ygw,f? 'Duv kd mzd@k u
(1966 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D 10 &uf)
toif ; ref a e*sm qmtJ v uf p f onf refcsufpwm ,lEdkufwuf awmh upm;orm;eJ@ ol@ro d m;pkuyJ
tdE, dN ESihf ygupPwef +ird ;f csr;f a&; oabmwlpmcsKyf csKyfqckd o hJ nf?
zm*l q ef . tqk d u d k ud k ; um;I toif;twGuf yGaJ ygi;f 600 ausmf qHk;jzwf&awmhr,f? ,lEkdufwuf
(1874 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D 13 &uf) onfqef; (The Sun) owif;pm upm;cJ+h y;D *d;k aygi;f 150 oGi;f ,lxm; toif;u upm;orm;awGtwGuf
tar&duef jynfaxmifpk e,l;a,mufòrdŒwGif tvkyfvufrJhrsm;ESifh &Jrsm; wdkufcdkufr_ jzpfyGm;&m vl wGif azmfjyxm;onf? aom 0g&ifu h pm;orm; jzpfonf? y,fcszdk@cufwJh uvyf}uD;yg” [k
&maygi;f rsm;pGm xdcu kd 'f %f&m &&Scd o hJ nf? 36 ESpt f &G,f 0g&ifu
h iG ;f v,f ref,lonf aqmuforfwef ref c suf p wm ,l E k d u f t oif ; u
(1958 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D 13 &uf) upm;orm;taejzifh aemufxyf toif;rS tmqife,ftoif;odk@ ajymonf?
43 Edik if rH S odyy`H nm&Sif 9000 u EsLuvD;,m; prf;oyfr_ wm;jrpf&ef ukvor*~o@kd av#mufxm;cJo
h nf? w&moD quf u pm;Ek d i f r nf [ k ajymif ; a&$ Π&ef jyif q if a eonf h csef b mvd e f o nf 'k w d ,
ar#mf v if h a =umif ; zm*l q ef u vli,fupm;orm; cseb f mvdeu f dk oD,kda0gvfaumh[k emrnf}uD;ae
ajymif;a&$Œa=u; aygif 10 oef;jzifh oljzpf+yD; upm;orm;. zcifurl
urf;vSrf;xm;onf? ‚if;. om;onf a0gvaf umhxuf
Mizzima u m wG ef ; 17 ESpt f &G,f ‚if;upm;orm; oma=umif;ESifh uGif;v,fupm;
ud k y&D ; rD ; ,m;vd * f toif ; }uD ; orm;taejzifhyg upm;Ekdifoljzpf
rsm;u tvdk&Sdae+yD; tmqife,f a=umif; ajymqdkonf?

2010 xdyw
f ef;upm;orm; rSæ 10? vif'ef (=uufawmif/
9? ¶d G K if ; pwD A if vd k @ csf w D w¶kwf)
Ryan Steven Lochte (a&ul ; / y&dowfrsm;u “qlyg 'ef”
tar&duef) [k ac:avh&Sdonfh vif'efonf
pwD A if o nf tar&d u ef w¶k w f t rsKd ; om; =uuf a wmif
a&ul;tm;upm;orm; wOD;jzpf+y;D upm;orm; jzpf+y;D 2008 ab*si;f
tdv k yH pfòyid yf rJG sm;wGif a&$ 3 qk/ aiG tdkvHypfwGif trsKd;om;wOD;csif;
2 qkESifh a=u; 1 qk &&SdcJhonf? òydifyGJY a&$wHqdyfqk &&SdcJhonf?
,if;onf tar&duef trsKd;om; olonf 2006/ 2007 ESihf 2009
toif;0ifjzpf+y;D 4»200 z&D;pwdik f ckESpfwGif 3 ESpfqufwkduf urBmh
a&ul ; òyd i f y G J w G i f urB m h p H c sd e f w if csefyD,Htjzpf orkdif;0ifcJhzl;onf?
xm;onf? urBmha&ul;orm;rsm; England Open òyd i f y G J w G i f v nf ;
u ay;tyf o nf h ES p f t vd k u f 2004/ 2006/ 2007 ESifh 2009
taumif ; qH k ; qk E S i f h tar&d u ef ckEpS w
f iG f cseyf , D H jzpfco hJ nf?
a&ul;orm;rsm;u ay;tyfonfh urBmEh idk if rH sm;tqifh Thomas
ES p f t vd k u f taumif ; qH k ; qk u d k Cup òyd i f y G J w G i f v nf ; w¶k w f
vnf; w}urd f &&Scd o hJ nf? trsKd;om;toif;twGuf 2004/
olonf Ekid if w H um òyid yf rJG sm; 2006/ 2008 ESihf 2010 ckEpS w f @kd wiG f
jzpfonfh tdv k yH pf/ urBmt h qif/h Pan tEk d i f & &S d & ef pG r f ; aqmif a y;cJ h + yD ;
American ESihf Pan Pacific òyi d yf rJG sm; 2005/ 2007 ESihf 2009 ckEpS w f iG f
wGif qkwq H yd f 51 ck &&Scd &hJ m a&$ 32 Sudirman zvm; qG w f c l ; Ed k i f & ef
ck/ aiG 11 ckEiS hf a=u; 8 ck jzpfonf? yg0ifupm;cJhonf?
pmrsufESm (20) Zefe0g&Dv? 2011

2010 xdyfwef;upm;orm; 10 OD;udk qif[Gm a&G;

(qif[Gm) Zefe0g&D 1
tm;upm;pHrk S xdyw f ef;upm;orm; 10 OD;udk 2010 ckEpS t f wGuf w¶kwEf idk if H qif[mG owif;Xmeu
a&G;cs,fvdkufonf?
1? &maz;em',fvf (wif;epf/ pyde)f
em',fvfonf pydefEdkifiHom; a=u;pm;wif;epform;jzpf+yD; vuf&Sd urBmhtqifh 1 ae&mudk
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f k
&&SdcJhonf?
2? pDbmpwde;f ADwv J f Sebastian Vettel (F1 òydiu f m;armif;csefy,D /H *smr%D)
ADwJvfonf *smref azmfjrLvm0rf; òydifum;armif;orm;jzpf+yD; vuf&Sd csefyD,Hjzpfonf? touf
19 ESpf 53 &ufjzifh urBmhtoufti,fqHk; azmfjrLvm0rf; òydifum;armif;orm; jzpfonf?
3? 'D*kd azmfvef (abmvH;k / O¶ka*G;)
ref,l upm;orm;a[mif; 'D*dkazmfvefonf vuf&Sd pydefuvyf tufovufwDudk ruf'&pfESifh
O¶ka*G; Ekid if t H oif;wGif upm;aeonf? 2010 urBmzh vm;twGuf taumif;qH;k abmvH;k orm;qk &&Scd +hJ y;D /
Oa&my a&$zdeyfqkESifh Pichichi Trophy u csD;jr‡ifhonfh qkrsm;udkyg &&SdcJhonf?
4? udb k D bm;&ef@ (bwfpuufabm/ tar&duef)
udkbDbm;&ef@onf tar&duef a=u;pm;bwfpuufabm upm;orm;jzpf+yD;/ Los Angeles Lakers
toif;wGif upm;aeonf? 2006 ckESpf wOD;csif;òydifyGJwGif wOD;csif;&rSwf 81 rSwfjzifh upm;orm;
wd k & ef w d k & uf y f w m +yD ; v#if tar&d u ef NBA toif ; . trS w f t rsm;qH k ; upm;orm;tjzpf
ordkif;0ifcJhonf?
2007-08 &moDtwGuf tzdk;wefqHk; upm;orm; Most Valuable Player Award qkudk &&SdcJh+yD;
Los Angeles Lakers toif;udk 2009/ 2010 &moDESpfrsm;twGuf csefyD,Hjzpf&ef OD;aqmifcJh+yD; NBA .
tzd k ; wef q H k ; upm;orm; pm&if ; wG i f yg0if c J h o nf ? 2008 td k v H y pf w G i f tar&d u ef
trsKd;om;toif;ESifhtwl 0ifòydifcJh+yD; a&$wHqdyfqk &&SdcJhonf?
5? vifaq;vf brf; Lindsey Vonn (pudw/f tar&duef)
vifaq;vfbrf;onf tar&duef pudwt f oif;. t,fvyf ikd ;f pudwf òydiyf cJG seyf , D H jzpfonf? 2008/
2009/ 2010 twGuf 3 ESpfqufwkduf urBmhcsefyD,H tygt0if a'gif;a[;vfcsefyD,Hvnf; jzpfonf?
xdk@jyif 2010 aqmif;&moD tkdvHypfwGif a&$wHqdyfqk &&SdcJh+yD; ,if;rSm tar&duef trsKd;orD;xJwGif
yxrqHk; jzpfonf?
olonf pudwfpD;upm;enf; 4 rsKd;twGuf 39 }udrfwdkif urBmhzvm;qk&cJh+yD; tar&duef
trsKd;orD;pudwfr,f &mZ0ifwGif tatmifjrifqHk; jzpfcJhonf?
6? um¶dv k if; a0ghcef pD uD Caroline Wozniacki (wif;epf/ 'de;f rwf)
um¶dkvif;onf 'def;rwf wif;epfr,f wOD;jzpf+yD; WTA Tour . urBmhtqifh 1 jzpfonf? ,if;rSm
'def;rwf wif;epform;rsm;teuf tjrifhqHk;&&Sdonfh tqifhjzpfonf? 2006 ckESpfwGif 0ifb,fvf'ef
trsK;d orD; wOD;csi;f òydiyf w JG iG f tEkid &f chaJ omfvnf; trsK;d orD; Grand Slam yGw
J iG rf l ¶_;H edrchf zhJ ;l onf? olonf
2009 US Open ESifh 2010 WTA Tour . csefyD,Hvnf; jzpfonf?
7? uifr, f el m (a&cJjyifav#mpD; tur,f/ awmifu&kd ;D ,m;)
uifrf,lemonf awmifudk&D;,m;EkdifiH. a&cJjyifav#mpD; tur,fjzpf+yD; 2010 tkdvHypf
tm;upm;yG J w G i f trsKd ; orD ; wOD ; csif ; csef y D , H j zpf o nf ? xd k @ jyif 2009 urB m h c sef y D , H / 2009
urBmhwkduf}uD;rsm; csefyD,H/ Grand Prix Final òydiyf t JG wGuf 2006-07/ 2007-08 ESihf 2009-10 ckEpS w f iG f
3 ESpfqufwkduf csefyD,Hvnf; jzpfonf?
2006 ckESpfwGif urBmhoufi,fwrf; csefyD,HESifh 2005-06 oufi,fwrf; Grand Prix Final csefyD,H
jzpfcJhonf? 2002 rS 2005 txd awmifudk&D;,m;. 4 ESpfqufwdkuf csefyD,HjzpfcJh+yD; EkdifiHwum
a&cJjyifpudwfor*~rS urBmhtqifh 1 tjzpf owfrSwfcJhonf?
8? atvD,m zm*gawmhAef m rlpwmzDem Aliya Fargatovna Mustafina (u|rf;bm;/ ¶k&mS ;)
atvD,monf ¶k&mS ;u|r;f bm;r,fjzpf+y;D 2010 urBmch seyf , D H jzpfonf? xd@k jyif ¶k&mS ;Ekid if t H oif;wGif
upm;cJh+yD; 2009 ¶k&Sm;trsKd;om; csefyD,HòydifyGJwGifvnf; csefyD,H jzpfcJhonf?

pmrsufESm (19) aumfvH (3) odk‹