2.

1
ANALYSING
LINEAR MOTION
 INTRODUCTION

Information required:

How far does it

travel ?
(distance/displacement)

How fast ?
(Speed / velocity)
How would you
describe the Does it change
motion in word ? its speed ?
(Acceleration / deceleration)
LINEAR MOTION NON LINEAR MOTION

• A straight line • Not a straight line

motion motion

• Total path • Total path

travelled in a travelled in a given
given time is the time is different
same as the from the shortest
shortest path path
 Learning area

• DISTANCE AND
DISPLACEMENT

• SPEED AND
VELOCITY

• ACCELERATION AND
DECELERATION
 DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT

Ayer Mawai How far is it

Hitam
Kota Tinggi from Johor
Benut Senai Bahru to
Pontian
Desaru ?
Pontian Desaru
Kecil Johor
Kecil
Bahru

SCALA
Distance = total path length R
=JB to Desaru via Kota Tinggi
Displacement = shortest path length VECTOR

= JB direct to Desaru
 SPEED AND VELOCITY

end

path

start

Time taken =

Distance = Average Speed =

Displacement = Average Velocity =

 ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION

Velocity Constant Velocity

increases velocity decreases

Acceleration = Rate of change of velocity

ms-2 = Change of velocity
Time
vector = final velocity – Initial velocity
Time
a=v–u Velocity increases = acceleration
t Velocity decreases = deceleration
 Carry out Hands-on Activity 2.2
( page 11 of the practical book)
Aim : To differentiate between acceleration
and deceleration
Discussion :
1. (a) The speed of the trolley increases .
(b) The speed of the trolley decreases.

2. Acceleration is the rate of increasing

speed in a specified direction.

Deceleration is the rate of decreasing

speed in a specified direction.
Lesson 2
 Learning area

RELATING DISPLACEMENT,
VELOCITY , ACCELERATION
AND TIME
a. Using ticker tape

b. Using Equations
of Motion
 ticker timer
Carbon disc

A.C. 50 Hz

ticker tape 50 dots made in 1 second

Time interval between two
adjacent dots = 1/50 s
= 0.02 s

1 tick = 0.02 s
dots

1 tick

Slow movement
faster movement
fastest movement
PREPARING A TAPE CHART (5 -TICKS STRIP)

0 5 10

First 5-tick 2nd 5-tick strip

strip

Velocity, v
(cm /s)

Time / s
 INFERENCE FROM TICKER TAPE AND CHART

•Zero • Constant • Constant

acceleration acceleration deceleration
•constant
velocity
 Carry out Hands-on Activity 2.3
( page 13 of the practical book)
Aim : To use a ticker timer to identify the
types of motion

Discussion 2.3(A):
2. Spacing of the dots is further
means a higher speed.

Spacing of the dots is closer

means a slower speed.
 Discussion Hands-on Activity 2.3(B)
( page 13 of the practical book)
Aim : To determine displacement, average
velocity and acceleration
Discussion 2.3(B):
1. Prepare a tape chart.
2. Determine average velocity using
v = Total displacement
time
3. Determine acceleration using
a = final velocity – initial velocity
time
Lesson 3
 TO DETETMINE THE AVERAGE VELOCITY
EXAMPLE
The time for each 5-tick strip = 5 x 0.02 s

Length / cm = 0.1 s
Total displacement
22
= (7 +10 +14 +15 +22 +14 +10) cm
15 = 92 cm
14
10 Total time taken
7
= 7 strips = 0.7 s
Average velocity = displacement
0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 Time taken
0.2 0.4 0.6

Time / s
= 92 / 0.7
= 131.4 cm s-1
 TO DETETMINE THE ACCELERATION
EXAMPLE The time for each 10-tick strip = 10 x 0.02 s
Length / cm

27.3 = 0.2 s
Initial velocity, u Time taken
5.8 / 0.2 =28 cm s-1 =(7-1 )strips
Final velocity, v = 6 x 0.2 s
= 1.2 s
27.3 / 0.2 = 136.5
5.8
acceleration = v-u

= (136.5 – 28) tcm s-1

0 0.2 0.6 1 1.4
0.4 0.8 1.2
Time / s
1.2 s
= 90.42 cm s-2
Lesson 4
 THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION

v  u  at s = Displacement
1 2
s  ut  at u = Initial velocity
v = Final velocity
2 a = Constant
v  u  2as
2 2
acceleration
 uv  t = Time interval
s   t
 2 
EXAMPLE

A car travelling at a velocity 10 m s-1 due

north speeds up uniformly to a velocity of
25 m s-1 in 5 s. Calculate the acceleration
of the car during these five seconds

u = 10 m s-1 , v = 25 m s-1, t = 5 s, a=?

Using v = u + at v = u + at
s = ut + ½ at2
25 = 10 + a(5)
v2 = u2 + 2as
Don’t forget
5 a = 15 the unit s = ½ (u + v) t
a = 3 m s-2
EXAMPLE

A rocket is uniformly accelerated from

rest to a speed of 960 m s-1 in 1.5 minutes.
Calculate the distance travelled.

u = 0 m s-1 , v = 960 m s-1,

t = 1.5 x 60 = 90 s, s = ?
Using s = ½ (u + v)t v = u + at
s = ut + ½ at2
s = ½ (0 + 960) 90
v2 = u2 + 2as
= 43 200 m s = ½ (u + v) t
What is the
unit ?
EXAMPLE

A particle travelling due east at 2 m s-1 is

uniformly accelerated at 5 m s-2 for 4 s.
Calculate the displacement of the particle.

u = 2 m s-1 , a = 5 m s-2, t = 4 s, s= ?

Using s = ut + ½ at2 v = u + at
s = ut + ½ at2
s = 2(4) + ½ (5)(4) 2
v2 = u2 + 2as
= 8 + 40 s = ½ (u + v) t
What is the
= 48 m unit ?
EXAMPLE

A trolley travelling with a velocity 2 m s-1

slides 10 m down a slope with a uniform
acceleration. The final velocity is 8 m s-1.
Calculate the acceleration.
u =2 m s-1 , v = 8 m s-1 , s = 10 m , a = ?
Using v2 = u2 + 2as
v = u + at
82 = 22 + 2 a (10) s = ut + ½ at2
20 a = 64 – 4 v2 = u2 + 2as
s = ½ (u + v) t
= 60 What is the
unit ?

a = 3 m s-2
EXAMPLE teks book pg 27

u =0 m s-1, a = 2.5 m s-2 , t = 10 s v = ? , s = ?

Using v = u + at v = u + at
s = ut + ½ at2
= 0 + (2.5)(10)
v2 = u2 + 2as
= 25 m s-1 s = ½ (u + v) t

Using s = ut + ½ at2
= 0(10) + ½ (2.5)(10)2
= 125 m
EXAMPLE teks book pg 27

u = 25m s-1, v = 0 m s-1 , s = 50 m , a = ?

Using v 2 = u2 + 2as
v = u + at
0 = 25 + 2a (50)
2
s = ut + ½ at2
0 = 625 + 100a v2 = u2 + 2as
a = - 625 s = ½ (u + v) t
100
= - 6.25 m s-2
The negative sign shows
deceleration.