Motion

Content

Tips on Speed
Speed Distance Acceleration Free fall
graphs time
time
graph graph

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Speed
Speed: (measured in meters per second) is the distance moved by an
:
object each second. Unit is m/s
Velocity
Velocity is a similar quantity to speed, but includes a direction (the direction of travel) as
well as its value (its magnitude)

TOTAL DISTANCE MOVED

TOTAL TIME

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OR

Average Speed = (initial speed + final speed) / 2

Pay attention
The average speed in this case is the average of the initial speed and the
final speed NOT the highest speed and the lowest speed during the journey.

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Example 1

m/s
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Example 2

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Answer : D
Note that the unit in the answer is in km/h so we have to change the unit of the time
30 min = 0.5 h

Total distance / time = (10 + 5 + 10 + 5) / 0.5 = 60 km/hour

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Answer: B
Speed = distance / time = 100/ 2 = 50 km/ h
The average speed is the average of the initial speed and the final speed
OR the total distance / total time NOT the highest speed and the lowest
speed during the journey.

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Answer: B

Speed :
distance/ time= (end point-start point)/time
= (20- 12) / 20 cm/s

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a) Distance using measuring tape or meter wheel
Time using a stopwatch

b) Speed = distance / time

c) The average speed = (the initial speed + the final speed ) / 2

d) The speed unit is in km/h
the time should be in hours
Time = 20/60 = 1/3 h
speed = distance / time
Distance = speed x time = 66 x 1/3 = 22 km

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Tips on
graphs
 Slope
Slope:
Is the measure of
steepness of a line

Slope = rise /run

= Y/ X
= Y2-Y1/ X2-X1

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 Gradient method: using two points on the line, calculate y2-y1/x2-x1

Y2=5
Y2 –Y1

Y1=2
X2 – X1

X1=3 X2=7 17
Rise and run method: Using two points on the line, calculate the rise
and the run and express it as a fraction (rise over run).

Slope = Rise / Run = 2 / 3

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2

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Distance – time
graph
 Distance-time graph or displacement-time graph or position-time graph
1.Object at rest 2. Uniform motion
Slope= zero Speed= zero Slope = constant Speed = constant

3. Non-uniform motion 4. Non-uniform motion (speed decreases)

(speed increases) gets steeper gets less steeper

Acceleration
Deceleration

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 a) Slope= zero speed is zero (not moving)

b) Slope is positive speed is constant c) Slope is negative speed is constant

Object is moving away Object is moving backwards

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• A is faster (at higher speed ) than B
• A is steeper

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A distance-time graph shows how the distance of an object (from a point)
varies over time:
Accelerating Decelerating A
Speeding up D Speeding down
B
C

• A) A horizontal line means stationary

• B) A straight line means constant speed
• C) If the line is going down, the object is moving backwards
• D)If the gradient increases the object is speeding up (accelerating)
• If the gradient decreases the object is slowing down (decelerating)
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B AS THE DISTANCE DID NOT CHAnGE OVER TIME

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Answer is D
As the slope is constant and positive and the graph is a
straight line

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a. From 0.5 h to 2.5 then from 3 to 4 then
from 5 to 6

Total = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4 hours

B I ) 300

ii) 20 km in the first half an hour and 10

km in the last half an hour

iii) On major roads : from 20 to 290

km = 270 km

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a. 6 km

b. 8 MINUTES
but the unit required has to be in hours
=8/60 = 0.133 hours

c. speed = distance / time = 6 / 0.133= 45.11 km /h

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C I) 3 villages Distance from the football depot Football depot
ii) the nearest village from the
football ground is (village 1) which Distance Village 1
from
is 6-5= 1 km far village 1
Village 2

Village 3

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 2 m 40 s= 160 s

Distance /time =
5000/160 =
31.3 m/s
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 Time between camera b and c=

* 4m 3s till 8:50
4m 20s till 8:54:20 total 8m 23 s
Total time = 503 s

Speed = 5000/503=9.94 m/s

Lower

As if we calculate the average speed between A and C IS total= total distance/total time
(5000 +5000)/ (160 + 503)=10000/ 663 = = 15 m/s

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Acceleration
Acceleration
Acceleration is the rate of change of speed (velocity):
In other words, how much the speed (velocity) of an object Extended
changes by every second unit is m/s2

Acceleration is given by the equation:

(Where u is the initial velocity of an object and v is its

final velocity)
You can rearrange this equation with the help of the
formula triangle:

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Velocity – time
graph

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Uniform constant acceleration Uniform constant deceleration Zero acceleration

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 Acceleration =zero Acceleration =zero

Zero velocity Constant velocity

Velocity is increasing Velocity is decreasing

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Velocity is increasing Velocity is decreasing
 A Velocity-time graph shows how the velocity (or speed) of an object changes over
time

• If the line is horizontal, the velocity is constant (no acceleration slope=zero)

• If the line slopes upwards then the object is accelerating (speeding up
slope positive)
• If the line goes down then the object is decelerating (slowing down
slope negative)
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ANSWER: C

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Answer : D
AS THE SPEED IS ZERO FROM X TO Y

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Answer C as this is the steepest part
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Calculating Distance travelled
The distance travelled by an object can be found by determining the area beneath the
graph
• If the area beneath the graph forms a
triangle (the object is accelerating or
decelerating) then the area can be VELOCITY
determined using the formula:

area = ½ x base x height

• If the area beneath the graph is a

rectangle (constant velocity) then the
area can be determined using the
formula:
area = base x height TIME

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 (a)

1 (h) 2

Distance travelled = area(b)under the curve

Area of trapezium = ½ ( b + a ) x h or
Area of triangle 1 (distance when speeding up) + area of rectangle R
(distance at constant speed)+ area of triangle 2 (area when
decelerating)
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Answer: A

Distance travelled at constant speed is the area of the rectangle

Length x width = 10 X 10 = 100 m

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ANSWER : C
THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED IS THE AREA UNDER THE CURVE (THE AREA UNDER
THE TRIANGLE)

= 24 X 14 /2 m

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WX is steeper than YZ so the acceleration value (WX slope) is higher than the
deceleration value (slope of YZ)

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Speed= distance/ time
Distance = time x speed=80 x 0.5 = 40 km

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30

0.5

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Free fall
• In the absence of air resistance, all objects fall with the same
acceleration, regardless of their mass
• This acceleration is equal to the gravitational field strength and is
approximately 10 m/s2 near the Earth’s surface
• So long as air resistance remains insignificant,
1. the speed of a falling object will increase at a steady rate, getting
closer to ground.
2. Acceleration is constant equals 10 m/s2

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 In air In vacuum

A tube that will be eliminated of all air, then a feather and penny will
fall at the same rate 57
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ANSWER: A

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The speed is increasing in a steady
way(constant acceleration)

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Answer: B

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 Earth gravity

Ignoring the air resistance the acceleration will always be

constant which is the gravity
*
y

x Measuring the area under the curve

The area of the triangle 63
Thanks!
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✗ @username
✗ user@mail.me

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