Probability Sampling

Techniques
BY

SADAQUAT HUSAIN
SANKET YERANDE
 Sample

Population:
It is finite of infinite group of elements or individuals which are to be
studied.
It is also called as ‘Universe’.
Total number of elements are denoted by ‘N’ or ‘W‘
No. of workers in a factory
No. of customers in a locality

Sample:
It is a sub-group of population selected to estimate the different
parameters about population.
The elements are called as ‘sample points’
The no. of elements i.e. sample size is denoted by ‘s’
For estimating avg. age of a country, we select people from some
specific cities forming a sample. Then we calculate avg. age of this sample.
 Probability Sampling

Probability sampling:
It is technique of drawing samples from a population
in which each and every unit of population has a
known, non-zero or an equal chance of being
included in sample.
 Drawing chits from a well shuffled box
 Simple Random Sampling

Simple Random Sampling:

This technique gives each element have an equal and
independent chance of being selected in sample.
 SRSWR
 SRSWOR
 Stratified Random Sample

Stratified Random Sampling:

In this method, the whole population is
divided/stratified into different mutually exclusive
strata or sub-groups and then a simple random
sample is drawn from each of these strata. All these
random samples contribute a Stratified Random
Sample.
N1 N2 N3 ….. ….. ….. Nr

n1 n2 n3 …. …. …. nr

N = N1 + N2 + N3 + …….. + N4
n = n1 + n2 + n3 + …….. + n4
 Systematic Sample

Systematic Sampling:
In this technique, in selecting a sample of n unit
from population of N units, only the first element is
selected randomly and thereafter every (N/n)th
element is selected for inclusion in the sample.
N/n=K is called sampling fraction

1 2 3 …….. k
k+1 k+2 k+3 …….. 2k
2k+1 2k+2 2k+3 …….. 3k
: : : :
: : : :
(n-1)k+1 (n-1)k+2 (n-1)k+3 …….. nk=N
 Multi-stage Sampling

Multi-stage sampling:
Selecting the sample elements in more than one
stage is called as multi-stage sampling.
Population is divided into primary sampling units, called as
first stage sampling units. These are further divided into
secondary or second stage sampling units. The process is
repeated till final sampling unit is reached. Finally from this
last unit a random sample can be drawn by SRS or Stratifies
Sampling.
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