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1. 'Am) tirv «'Qoi) moUe; KaQUtOLWtE~» tOU I. M . 'A Q ~ a v L t n: eUQEa.tL~ Hi, EitO. IIvEUlilltLitOU Ksvrpou ~AatQou~', 'IoQullatO~ «MviJlln ·AYYE).,Litfi~ AEOlV. ZacpEL(ln», 'A8fivm 1981, o, 422.

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twv onf.tEQLvwV il8wv xaL EeLf.tWV tOV ltaQ$AA0f.tEVWV ltQoe; ta twv ALYLVntwv, bELXV EL OtL EX tWV aQxaLwv xatuyovtm AtYLVntwv, tWV E:n:L toii IIEAOltOVVnOLaxoii ltOAEf.t( EV 01!QEa uercorcvrcov xaL on EVExa ltELQatLxwv E:n:LbQOf.twv ilvayxuoSnoav vi: acpnow t";v ltaQaALav UltEQ tae; tQEte; f.taxQav autfie; wQae; uerocetocvre;». KaL Xata to 801m bwn (B' , 27): «Knta to 8EQOe; (431 rt.X) ol 'A8nvatoL EsEbtwsav BLma tOUe; AtYLVfi't l:t:n:o tt'lv AtYLva, f.tal;L JA.E 'tLe; yvvatxEe; xaL ta ltmOLU roue, acpoii tOUe; xamyoQnoav Il xatEsoxt'lv autoL ultfiQsav ol atnoL toii ltOAEJA.OV svovnov roix .•. ~' autoUe; AOLltOV to eXlta'tQLof.tEVOVe; AtYLVfi'tEe; ot AaxEOOLf.t0VLOL ltaQClxwQnoav tt'l 8vQEa YLa va xatOLXO' xaL va VEJA.Wvtm tfi yfi, YLa tt'lv ExSQa tOVe; ltQ6e; toUe; 'A8nvaLove; ... - 'EXltwoiiOL tote; AtYLVTltme; ot AaxEOOLf.t0VLOL Eoooav 8VQEUV OtXEtV xaL rnv yfiv vEJA.w8m». '0 II oavbQoe; to 404 E:n:ava:n:UtQLOE ltOAAOUe; l:t:n:o toUe; At YLVfitEe; (EEVOcp. B' 2, 9), aAAa q OLXO fltav, JA.Eta l:t:n:o JA.LU 6A6xAnQn YEVLU, aQxEtoL va ltaQClJ-lELVOVV JA.OVLf.ta oti] 01!Qi ~EtOL, ot AtYLVfitEe; autoL Sa oLatilQnoav Oti] vEa tOVe; ltatQLoa xaL to E8vLXO rou; 0 JA.a we; ta XQovLa toii ExXQLOtLClVL0f.t0ii tOVe;, 6ltOtE to «At yL vfjtEe;» Sa toUe; fltClV axCll vonro, xa8we; Sa dXE JtLa sExao'tfi fr ltQOEAEvon tOV, xaL 8a JA.EtatQ<l:itnxE OtO 6JA.onxo t «'A'CYLaVVLtEe; - 'Avurvvtre;».

3. BA. ' I wu vvn M. 'A QBa v L rn, «'Alto tLe; ltnyEe; ron Aaoii J-lCle;», toJA.. A

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4. 'AQClYWVLXt'l ltaQClAAayi] toii «XQOvLxoii toii MOQEWe;».

5. K. A. PWf.taLOV, MLXQa MEAEtilJ-lClta, 8w/xn 1955,0. 165.

6. 801JXvotone; (B' 22): «'R bE 8vQEO,ne; yfi JA.E80QLa tfie; 'AQYELae; xaL tfie; Aa~ vLxfie; EotLV E:n:L 8uAaooav xaSnxovoa».

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7. '0 'I. 'A. Ko uo xo uvn c , oto1iQ6QO tOU «To ~AOlQOe; xtvtQov :rcvEulumxiie; xLvnoEWe;», OtO: Ko uo xo uve 'I. - Xaoa:rcoYLuvvn KUQ. B., - Kaxa~ouA.La I. I'.; 9uQEatLe; fii, O:rc. ixv., o, 174-5, avacpEQEL Mo IUlQtUQLEe;: a) 2:e ~~A.LoYQacpLxo onI.l.ELWIUl tOU EtOUe; 1372 OlOV IIaQLOLvo x<OOLxa, !.I.E tirv 'IOloQLa tOU 'RQOootou, Evae; Krovorcvrtvoc, LEQtae; xui. xaQtocpuA.a~, YQ<lCPEL: ,,'R :rcaQOuoa ~1.f3A.Oe; EV tQ> W AOlQ<l> OLU xELQ6e; EI.I.OU 'tou ElltEA.OUe; Kurvctuvrtvou, LEQEWe; xui. XaQtocpUA.aXOe; moone; u:rcnQEtOUvtOe; tv tQ> ~aOLA.L)iQ> xMQq.J xatu !.I.iiva 'IOUVLOV tOU 6880 £tOUe; (OnA.. 1372 u.X), ~) ~Ano ~L~A.LOYQacpLxo on!.l.ELw!.l.a orov 'A~QOOLaxo X<OOLXU tiie; 'A!-$QooLaviie; BL~A.L06irxne; tOU MLA.UVOU, !.I.e tirv "KuQou 'AV~OLV» tOU :::EvocpWvta, MEL: ,,'R :rcaQouoa ~L~A.oe; EtEA.ELW6n EV ~AotQq.J xatu !.I.iiva MUQtLOV tOU EtOUe; 6882 (onA.. 1374 '~.:X»). 'Yrto'IQacp'il !.I.E ouoavuyvwato !.I.ovoYQa!.l.lUl.

8. IIQwtoon!.l.oOLEutnXE <'l1to tov 'Iwaxd!.l. <l>oQo:rcOUA.O, «'AVaa'llotaOLe; tiie; EV tii XWQc;t 'AyLq.J 'Ioxrvvn tOU Nau:rcA.LoU 2:XOA.nc;», 'EXXA.nOLaonxi) 'AMBELa, 20, 1900, o, 517-8. BA.. mLane; T'n o o u fQLtOO:rcOUA.OU, «'IotoQLa tiie; TQL1tOALtaae;», rou. A',. 'ABnva 1972, o. 521, xai. tOU to LOU «R xatu Kuvouptov Movn tiie; Aouxoo;», IlsxonovVl\OW,iLU,. to)l.. n', 1968, 0.170 X.E;., NLXOAUOU <l>A.ouoa, "~LaxooLaEmQLe; 2:x0A.iie; 'AYLOU 'Ioxrvvou - ~AotQoue; KuvouQLae;», 'A6iivaL 1965, o. 57, KUQ. B. Xu o c n oY L(l v v n, ,,'R Ete; eUQEav :rcaLoELa», eUQECine; fii, O:rc. ixv., c. 299-312, xai. X Q LOt t v a e; KovAou(ln, «'R BL~AL06irxn tiie; 2:xoAiie; KaQutoLWm, orov &AyLO 'Iwawn KuvouQLaC;», 'IOQVIUl A. ZacpELQn, 1991.

9. ~LOLxnnxu n :rcEQLOX'il u:rcayotav oro Nau:rcALO xai. ·EXXA.nOLaOnXu Olav 'E:rctoxono 'A!.I.UXAWV xui. TQL1tOALtOae;.

to. TQucpwva EuaYYEALon, ,,'R:rcaLOELa mL TouQxoxQUttae;», top; A', 1936, 0.295.

372

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'R uJtaQ!;n LXoA.dou orov "AyLO 'Ioxrvvn OnA.WVE"tm xat o"tn oUVEXELa "tou LLYLA.A.LOU, !-lE OE!-la: <nOov.arraQuA.A.ax"tov ron EXOOOEV"tO; LLYLA.A.LWOOU; YQu!-l!-la"tO; OLo. "to YEVEoOm oxoA.iJv "to !-lE"t0XLOV "tou Movcornotou "tou 'AYLou 'Iuxrvvou tv "tfj 'EJ'taQXL<;t NaUJtA.Lou». TLVE"tm A.oyo;, OnA.aon YLo. A.EL"tOUQYLa LX0A.fi; 0"t0 ME"tOXL roe 'AYLOU ~n!-ln"tQLou, XWQt; vi: On!-laLVEL on "to ME"t0XL eYLVE LXOA.i], <lA.M !-laA.A.OV on "to ME"tOXL JtEQLfiA.OE orn LX0A.iJ n eYLVE x"tfi!-la tn;. ~EV arrOXA.ELE"tm xat XMOLO; xaMYEQO; va OLoaoxE "to. O"tOLXELwon YQu!-l!-la"ta, <lA.M LXOA.ELO XMW; mo Ouotn!-lanXO bE 00. A.EL"tOUQYOUOE, xaOw; OEV UJtUQXEL eo"tw xat futA.iJ uveto 0"t0 XEL!-lEVO "tOu LLYLA.A.LOU.

'R !-lEyUA.n onl-taOLa 1tOU eOLvav ornv Jtmoda YLVE"tm E!-lcpavn; xat ornv EV Myc.p IIal"QLaQXLxn arrocpaon, xaOw; "tOVL~E"tm rnaVELA.n!-l!-lEVW; 0"t0 xet!-lEVO tn; on iJ A.EL"tOUQyLa ron LXoA.dou arrO"tEA.EL: «OEUQEO"tOV EYXELQn!-la», «<lyaOov xat OEUQEO"tOV eQYov», «OEUQEO"tOV OX01tov». Kat <lXQL~W; "to LLyLA.A.LO !-la; CPEQVEL ern OU!-lnOn "to. MYLa arro "to xnQ1JY!-la ron Ilntpoxoouc:

11. '0 8AyLO~ t.l1lliJtQLO~ 13QLoxEtaL Ota. I3oQELOavatOA.Lxa. toii 'AyUIVVll, Xalll1A.o. oro QElla. 'Avi'ixE atO MovaomQL toii «LWtfiQO~ XQLotoii, btLA.EyOJ.LEVOlJ A01JXoii~». 'Alto trw EXXA.110La oW~ovtav uovo EQdma xat IlEXQL ltQ6mpata Eva IlLXQO bLWQO<pO OLXl1J,ta. 'R Ol1- IlEQLvtl ExxA.l1oLa XtLOtl]XE to 1956 mlvw ata. EQELma.

373

«Kat ttc; EXXA.TlOLEC; va XUV€t€ OXOA.LU, YLatt auto. So. ctooouv xat to Eevoe; xat tte; LCh€C; ttc; EXXA.TlOLEe;». 'Bti.one;, ol f)YOUfl€VOL tmv Movov Aouxoue;, TIaA.aLOnavaYLcle; xat 9wA.6you, to 1832, Uq>L€QwVOvtae; Xnlflata Otte; IXOA.EC; KaQutOLWtT] unoYQuflflLl;av OtO uq>L€QwtLx6 tOUe; eYYQaq>o: « ... XQEo; flae; xat nQoe; rnv natQLOa anaQaLtT]tOV xat nQoe; to Eevoe; flae; OOq>EA.Luov, VOflLl;ofl€V va ouvtQEsWfl€V de; ttiv eveoroocv A.UnnQav n€QWttwOLV tmv IxoA.dwv, to. 6noLa ouOtuxme; xetvrcc nUQLq>A.€xta EQ€WtLa xat to. onotc towc; OEV SEA.OUV taXUV€L ttiv UVEY€QOLV rorv».

IIaA.aL6t€Qa ux6fla, xata rov 'Avcvvoxrrn Kovrcxn", UYWVLOtti xat noA.LtLXO ano rov ~ AyLO IIEtQo KuvouQLae;, A.€LtOUQYOUO€ orov ~ AyLO 'IWUVVTl xatwt€Qo IXOA.€LO, xaQaxtT]QLl;6fl€VO we; «xowo», tou KUQLaxou 'Ii IlcnoxuQLaxou, OtO onoto OLouOXOvtav OtOLX€LWOme; uvuYVWOTl, YQaq>ti xat uQLSflTltLxn. I' auto dX€ q>OLnlOtL xat 6 tOLOe; 6 Kovmxnc. A€LtOUQYOUO€ we; llnwtLxti IxoAi) ornv olxlc roo nA.A.ot€ LlWUQXOU BaOLA.€Lou KaA.afll3oXLOTl, orov 'Avicvvn (nuvw ano tti SEan Koixpopouvo), flEXQL nou LOQuSTlxav ol IXOA.Ee; KaQutOLWtT], Otte; 6nOL€e; eyw€ xat 6 nQmtOe; IXoMQXTle;. IIaQuA.A.TlA.a A.€LtouQYOUO€ xat uvwt€Qo OXOA.€LO xat nQtv to 1638, XQOVOA.0yLa nou ol NnunA.L€Le; l;Tltouoav uno to Olxouuevixo IIatQLaQX€Lo «onwe; naQaflEVTl -f) xwQa toU 'AYLOU 'Icxrvvou-c- otauQonnyLOv, XUQLV (3€(3aLwe; ttie; IxoAtie; 'AYLOU 'Ioxrvvou, A.tLtOuQyouone; nOAAou naA.aL6t€Qov»13. ME oLaSitxTl rou" 6 Baa. MaQouone; (9-8-1786), 'AYLavvL tT]e;' u<pnvtL to n€QL(36A.L tOU OtO MOvaOnlQL ttie; Aouxoue;, UA.M to. n€Qt to. 70-80 YQ60La, uno tte; EnlOL€e; donQusHe;, OtO we; nvw «<l>QOVtLOnlQLOV xat IX0A.€LOV ... » IS. Kat flttasU tmv flaQtuQwv unoYQU<P€L we; «YQa<p€Ue; xat flUQtUe;» 6 OLOUOXaA.Oe; LlTlflntQLOe; KUQLaxou, flclA.A.OV OLOUOXaA.Oe; ,.tat tOLOXnltT]e; tOU nQoava<p€QSEvtOe; «XOLVOU» IxoA.dou KUQLaxou 'Ii IIanaxuQLaxou.

To nV€ufla ttie; OLOaOXaA.Lae; tOU IIMtwva, or« XQ6vLa tOU xLVnflatOe; tOU oLaq>WtL0flOU ornv EUQwnTl, «f) naLoda nQuYflatL <PEQV€L xat tti VLXTl - IIaLoda flEV ouv <PEQH xat VLXTlV»16, So. <PMYLl;€ xat to. OnlSTl tOU s€VLt€flE-

12. ,,'AnoflVTlflovEUfWtU Kovocxn, KovMxTl9>, ~Ex6EOLe; KuvouQwxfie; 'Em6EwQnOEWe;, 1938, xuL NLX. <l>A.OU~U, 0UQEUtLXa., rou, I'", 1983, cr. 140.

13. T'n o o u [QLtcronOUA.ou, ,,'R xUta titv KuvouQLuv Movn IIaA.ULOnavuYUle;», mQw~. 0wA.oyLu, t. KB', 1951, cr. 15-16, xuL Kwv. ~a.6a, MWULwvLxiJ BL(3AW6nxTl, tOfl. I" , cr. 572 (EntatOflTl, 1872-1894).

14. To fYYQuqJO tiie; ~La6nxTle; ~TlI.lOcrLEUcrE 6 T. [QLtcronOUA.Oe;, <<'Rxata Kuvouptcv Movn Aouxove;», cr. 185-6. BA.. xuL XQLcrtLvue; KOUA.ouQTl, ,,'R BL(3A.w6n)(11 ... », on. ixv., cr. 14, xuL 0. BUYEva, «'E6vLxoL aywVEe; tWV ·EA.Aitvwv», 1959, cr. 21. 15. 'AnuyoQEUOtaV ano tOile; TouQxoue; v' acpnVWvtUL flE ~Lu6nxTl xtitflUta crta ~XOAEi:U.

16. IIA.atwvoe;, «NOflOL», 641 B.

374

vou ornv tore auOtgLaxit TEgYEOTrl, tou ~l1ll11tgLOU KagutOLooTrl, MO tov ~ AyLO 'Ioxrvvn tiiS; eugEas;-KuvougLas;, WOtE va JtgoocpEg8ii JtAouoLOmlgoxa YLa titv uvaYEwl1ol1 tiiS; Jtatgtoas; tOU xat ron YE8vouS; YEVLxootEga, IlE tit t)1JIlLOugYLa UJtOOOllfi~ YLa u~L6AOYl1 JtaLOEi.a.

<0 ~l1lli)tgLO~ KagutOLootl1~ YEwi)811xE OtOV UAyLO 'IwUVVl1 to 1741.

Ot yOVEL~ rou, 'IwUVVl1S; xat KavEAAa, xatuyovtav, xata titv JtgocpogLxil Jtaguoool1, MO titv Kcputou tiiS; AaxEoaLllovos;, uAM Elxav IlEtOLxi)OEL ornv JtEgLOXit tOU Y AotgouS;. LtOV <AYLUVVl1, xEcpaAoxoogL rote, UJtUgXEL to IlLxgotomovUllLo Kagutaa, ornv uJtEvavn JtAaYLu tOU KaAoYEgo~ouvLOu, oJtou etVaL m8av6, xata titv Em~Loovouoa Jtuvta JtgOcpOgLxit Jtaguoool1, va etxE UQXLXa Eyxataota8ii n uygOtOJtOLIlEVLXit otxoveveic tOU Kuouroufrrn xal va Eowoav EtaL Otit vee tOU~ EyxatUOtaOl1 to ovouo tou JtatgoyovLxou tOUS; XWgLOUI1•

'Avi)ouxo lluaM Me to. JtaLOLXa tOU Xg6vLa 6 ~l1lli)tgLOS;, 15EtitS; ~EVLtEUTrlXE Otit Lllugvl1, xuvl1yooVtas; IlLa XaMtEgl1 tUXl1. <H Jtaguoool1 AEEL JtooS; IlLa IlEga Jtoil ~o118ouOE tOV JtatEQa tou OtO ogywlla, £lUXE va JtEgvul1 gvas; OUYYEvi)S; roix, Jtl1yalvovta~ otil LxuAa (0i)1l. IIaguALo Y Aorooc) va !lJtaQxuQl1 YLa til Lllugvl1, xal JtQ6tELVE va rov Jtugl1 llatL rou, TO. Iluna tou JtaLOLOU aotga'\jlav xaL, xwgls; va 000011 aAAl1 UJtuvt11011, JtagUt110E to ~LVLUgL xal EtgE~E va Jtugl1 to. toagouXLa tOU YLa va CPUyl1. 'Axo tit ~LaOUVl1 rou xal uJtO cp6~o Ili)JtWS; to uemvuoooov 6 8ELOS; li 6 JtatEgas; tOU, ~giixE to gva uovo taagouXL xal £laL £cpUYE18.

Ltit Lllugvl1 EgYUOTrlXE 0' gvav IlEyaAE!lJtogo, 6 6JtOLOS; ExtLllrioE t600 titv EgyatLx6Tr1ta xat uXEgaL6Tr1tu tOU, Jtoil rov ExavE cuvsrctoo tou, MeALOta, tou Jtg6tELvE xat YLa outuyo titv X6Ql1 tOU, uAM 6 ~l1lli)tgLOS; EXOVtas; aAAE~, IlEYUAE~ CPLAooo~LES; va JtgaYllatoJtOLi)ol1, OE MXTrlXE, IlE titv nlnoAoyla mils; Titav UVU~LO~ YLa IlLa yuvalxa UvootEgl1S; JtaLoEi.as;.

rugw oro 1772 xat oe nALxLa JtEgLJtou 30 Etwv, cptUVEL ornv auOtgLaxit TEgyEOTrl. <H E!lJtELgLa rrou etXE uJtoxti)OEL Otit Lllugvl1, UAAa xat to EIlCPutO EAAl1VLXO OaLIl6vLO OUVtEAWav oro vi: OLaJtgE'\jIl1, va UJtoxti)Ol1 . IlEYUAl1 JtEgLouoLa, uAM xal ovolla EuuJt6Al1JttO ornv EXEL xorveovtc. Matt IlE toil~ aAAou~ <OIlOYEVELS; ornv TEgYEOtl1 toguoav titv KOL vornrc <EAA.iJvorv 'Og8006;wv TEgYEOTrl~, tiiS; 6JtoLa~ EXAEXTrlXE xat BOUAEuti)S;. 'AAAa

17. Kat OnJAEQa 'to btwv1lJA.O KaQlJ'tOLW't'I1\; EtVaL ouxvo onlv ltEQLoxn 'ti'i\; ~XUAU\; AUXWVLa\; xut ltEQLoo6LEQo mllv ltEQLoxn tffiv MoMwv. MaAAov ltQ6XEL'taL YLfJ. ltU'tQLowvuJALx6, ano 'to ltU'tQOYOVLXO XWQLO KUQu'tou, to 6ltOLO Sa OUVWOEUE tOU£ JAE'tOLxOVvtE\; W\; OLXOYEVELux6 tOU\; btWVUJAO.

18. K. B. XUOUlt0YLUVVTl, rEV. 'EmS. M.E., «EuEQYEtUL LOU "Acrpou;», EluQEatL\; yi'i\;, 5lt. av., o. 192.

375

xat ern LlWLxnon 'tfi~ TEQyto'tn~ rrQoocpEQE 'tt~ iJJtnQEOLE~ rou w~ EXAEY!ltVO~ 'to 1812 Lln!lO'tLxo~ ~U!l130'UAO~'9.

~'to mo rrEQLj3AEJt'tO, !laALo'ta, xut aQLo'toxQanxo On!lELO 'tfi~ rruQUA.i.a~ tfi~ TEQytO'tl)~ avnYELQE !lEyuAorrQrnto'tU'to !ltyuQo, 'to Palazzo Carciottf", oro onoto, 'tL!lnnXa YLa rnv rrU'tQL6a rou, EeEOE 'til Aa!lJtQil EmYQacpil «AUPO}:);. 'R rrQo 'to'u MEyaQo'U rraQaALaxil 6M~ ovouotorov, !ltXQL 'tilv avax'tl)on 'tfi~ TEQyto'tl)~ roto' 'toUr; 'ltuAou~, Via dei Greci xaL n rruQuALu Riva Cartsiotti.

'0 Lln!ln'tQLo~ axoAo'U8wv'ta~ 'ta cpAOYEQa xnQuY!lu'tU 'trov KOO!la.

AhooAOU, Pnyu <l>EQULO'U xaL 'A6a!lavno'U KOQafi YLa o.vOLwa ~XOAELOOV ornv urro60'UAn 'EAA<i6a, xaL YEvLxa 'to EUQoorra'Cxo-avuYEvvnnxo rrvEu!lu tfi~ Erroxfi~ YLa rraL6da, acpLEQw8nxE orov LEQO nirro oxono 6La8t'tov'tu~ OAO 'to arraL'toU!lEVO XQn!lunxo rtooo YLa 'tilv t6Q'Uon, 'to 1798, !lLa.~ urro-· 6ELY!lanxfi~ 'EHnVLXfi~ ~xoA.fi~ o'til YEvt'tELQa rou, orov "AyLO 'Ioxivvn e'UQta~-K'UvollQLa~. 'R ~xoAil Kcpurouotn, rrAnQto'tEQn, avw'tEQn xuL reAELo'tEQn, !lE EUQoorra'CxE~ rrQ06LaYQucpt~, xat !lE ErrLAEx'tO'U~ Emo'tn!lOVE~ ExrraL6EllnXOu~, EQXE'taL o'til O'UvtXELa v' avtarroxQL8fi rotO'tEAEO!lU'tLXW'tEQa ornv avuj3a8!lLOn 'tfi~ rraL6ELa~ 'tOU ronou, va E!l'ljJ'Uxwon xaL va aVEj3aon 'to cpQovn!la 'trov urr060uAoov, rrQorruQaoxE'Uaonxa YLa 'tilv n!ltQu 'tfi~ EAE'U8EQLa~ rtou Mn urrocpoooxE, !lOQCPwvov'tu~ rov EAEU8EQO xaL a;w 'tfi~ rrQoyovLxfi~ rraQuMOEoo~ "EHnva rroAL'tn.

~'tov ErraLVEnXO rrQoAoyo oro «BLj3ALov XUAOU!lEVOV 'Ovouccnxov IIavaywv ... » (BEvE'tLa, fA.'Uxn~, 1808), AtYE'taL YLa 'to XOQnyo 'tfi~ ExMoEW~ rou, rov «'tL!lLw'tatO xaL XQwnavLxw'tU'tO K uQw Lln!ln'tQw KUQ'U'tOLW'tl)>>, on: «EtVaL UrrOXd!lEvOV 'tOWUtoV, 6rrou rov rrAou'tov, rov onotov rroHoL oorpol OVO!la~OllOL 't'UcpA.6, n EUyEvLa rou rov EXUttO'tl)OE va j3Atrrn, oxoQrrL~ov'ta~ 'tOY 6nAa6n, 0XL WtAro~ orro'U 't'IJxn, aAA' d~ XQnOL!lo'U~ urr08tOEL~»21.

'R Emj3Annxn, rrQaY!lun, xut XaAAL!laQ!laQo~ ~xoM xU'taoxE'Uao'tnXE oro rots xEcpaAOXWQL "Ayw~ 'Iooavvn~, o'til 8ton «KO'UtQL»22, !lOAL~ aVmj!ou!lEVO AOCPLOXO, 6E;La 'tfi~ On!lEQLVfi~ XllQLU~ eloooou oro XOOQLO, roto tov aVEQX0!lEVO roto 'to ~ Aorpo; 6n!loow 6Qo!l0 (elx. 1). II'UQrroA.i)8nxE roto 'tL~ OQ6E~ tou 'I!lJtQail!l o'tt~ 30 'IOllALO'U 'tou 182623, xata 'tilv Em6Qo!ln tou ornv

19. K. B. Xc o c xovrcvvn, «'H totoQLu twv KUQUtOLWtWV», on. av., o. 202.

20. ~tO unEQWov tou MEyaQou UUtOU dxuv yL<l IlfivEe; xQucptfi ot ()Luow8EvtEe; 'IEQOAoXLtEe;, XUL bttO'lJe; to 1798 6 Piwue; <I>EQutoe;, 6 6notoe;, xcromv nQoOooLue; OUVEA.ti<p8'lJ Uno tOile; AuotQLuxoile; XUL nUQEM8'lJ otOUc; TouQxoue;, ot onotoi tOY OtQUYYUALOUV XUL tOV nEtu1;uv OtO t.OUVU~'lJ.

21. XQLo1'Lvue; KOUAOUQ'lJ, «'H~L~Ato8nx'lJ ... », on. av., 0.17-18.

22. 'Ano til AUtLV. AE;'lJ scutra = XOUtQu: IlEtWrtO, XE<p<lAL.

23. M. [LOtOUALt'lJ, «'OA.Lyu nEQL tfie; xuta tfie; ~uvouQLue; XUt' 'loUAtov 1826

376

K'UVO'UQLa, YLa va EXOLX118Ti tOll~ KUVO'UQLUtE~, ol 61tOLOL U1tO tOV 'AytaVVLrn ~tQa"tl1Yo Ilovcvuorn ZaqJELQ61to'UA.o, to vvoxrro w~ ~ Axo'UQo, dxav E~OVtOOOEL OtO XOOQLO MEXf.,lEt 'Aya tTi~ TEYEa~ (onf.,lEQa faQEa), Mvaf.,ll1 tQLOOV MXOOV, ol1A.aoiJ 1tEQLn:O'U 400 otQanootE~ "to'U24• '0 'If.,l1tQaiJf.,l1t'UQ1t6A.110E to. 1tUVtn OtO 1tEQUOf.,lU rotr uovo OtO Kcotpo ron naQaA.i,o'U ~ AOtQo'U~ futoxQOuOtl]XE fJ en:i.8eon tou,

OL XUtOLXOL 1tQOE{3110aV OE XU8E EvEQYELa xal 1tQo~ OA.o'U~ to~ CtQf.,lOOLO'U~ YLa va ;avaxnotTi fJ ~xoA.iJ, xooQl~ Of.,loo~ futOtEA.EOf.,la. TEA.LXU, XQ110Lf.,l0- 1tOL110aV tl~ OOOQLaOf.,lEvE~ 1tMXE~ xal f.,luQf.,laQa tTi~ ~XOA.Ti~ YLa tl~ VEE~ olxoOOf.,lE~ to'U~. XaMof.,lata OOO~Ovtav f.,lEXQL xal rov Ef.,lqJUA.LO, 61t6tE, 1tEQl to 1945, too1tEooo811XE 6 roxo; xal qJ'UtEUtl]XE to Ol1f.,lEQLVO UA.OUA.A.LO 1tEUxOOV. ~ta vonocvorosix« tOU UA.oo'U~ Xti,Otl]XE to VEO ~l1f.,lonxo ~XOA.ELO "tOU 'AYLUVVl1, 1tOll Of.,loo~ xai. auto EXA.ELOE.

'Ano rov EQELmoova tTi~ ~xoA.Ti~ qxnvorcv OA.l1 fJ UQXLtEX"tOVLxiJ xai.

EOOOtEQLXiJ oLaQQu8f.,lLOn tl]~. ·E1tQ6XEL"tO YLa OLOOQOqJO xnQLaxo ouyxQ6tl]f.,la f.,lE O'UVEXiJ otxnf.,la-ca OE tEtQMA.E'UQO oxTif.,la xal EOootEQLXiJ 1tA.ax6otQootl] au).iJ (28 x 27 = 756 r.u.), ~tO Lo6YELO u1tTiQxav 8oA.oota xa-caA.uf.,lata YLa tO~ f.,la8l1"tE~, to f.,laYELQELO xal ol {3011811nxol XOOQOL. ~tOV oQoqJo, 01to'U wOl1YOUOE EOOOtEQLXiJ oxuA.a, u1tTiQxav ol ateo'UoE~ OLOaOXaA.i,a~, xa8oo~ xal to. Ooof.,luna toov oaoxuA.oov. 'E1tQ6XEL"tO ol1A.aoiJ YLa 1tA.TiQE~ oLOaxtilQLO-otxOtQ0qJELO, xu- 86n qJOL ronoov xai. f.,la811tE~ futo f.,laxQL va f.,lEQl1, ux6f.,la xal futo tiJ AEL{3aoLu. HOA.E~ ol A.ELtO'UQYLXE~ Oan:UVE~ xa8oo~ xal ol f.,lL08ol tOOV 'EX1tULoE'Unxoov xal toU f.,l6VLf.,lO'U LatQOU xata{3uA.A.ovtav futo rov LOQ'Util tl]~.

'R f.,lEyUA.l1 1tMxa f.,lE uvuyA.'UqJl1 tirv Xtl]"tOQLXiJ En:LYQaqJiJ tTi~ ~xoA.Ti~ (1,49 x l , 15 - 1tUXo'U~ 0,10 u.), 1tOll OOO~EtUL xooQi.~ xaf.,lf.,li,a qJ80Qa f.,lEXQL onf.,lEQa, f.,la~ Oi,VEL 1tA.l1QOqJOQLE~ YLa 'tiJ XQovoMYl1ol1, "tO~ OX01tO~ tTi~ ~XOA.Ti~ xal 'to~ tOQ'U'tE~ tl]~ (etx. 2). 'AQXLXa TJ'tav uvaQtl]f.,lEVl1 OtO u1tEQ8uQo "tOU xnQi,o'U f.,lE tOX'UQo~ OLOl1QOll~ xQi,xo'U~, w~ 811A.LE~, 1tOll ux6f.,la oLaxQLvov'tUL ornv o1tLo8La En:LqJUVELU rnc, BQE8l']XE to 1874, Oxmaof.,lEVl'] futa to. xaMeucre, xal to 1965 f.,lEtaqJEQ811XE, futo to YUVULXOOVLtl] tTi~ EXXA.l1oi,a~ tOU 'Ayi,o'U fEOOQYi,O'U (otiJ Ol1f.,lEQWiJ XEvtQLXiJ 1tA.atEi.a tOU XOOQLOU), 01to'U (jJ'UA.aoo6tav, oro Ko'UtQi" 01to'U xal EvtOLXi,Otl']XE OE {3uOl1 oro mo 1tEQi,01ttO Ol1- f.,lELO, oro xooQo ol1A.aoiJ 01to'U UA.A.OtE {njJoov6tav fJ 1tEQi,qJl1f.,ll1 ~xoA.iJ25.

E3tLc5QOIli'i~ 'If.l3tQanll», ~EA.ttOV 'ImoQLxi'i~ xuL 'E8vo).OYLXi'i~ 'EtULQdu~ ti'i~ 'E)'Moo~, 7, 1918, a. 159, xuL XQLattvu~ Kou).ouQn, «'R BLj3).L08itxn ... », on. b».

24. B)'. Kuiv/vo u A. Ko r o orvn, «·O'If.l3tQunll mnv IIE).on6vvnao», 'Emorn- 1l0VLxn BLj3).L08itxn ti'i~ 'EtULQdu~ IIE).onownaLUXWV l:nouc5wv, r, 8, 1999, a. 218.

25. 'R IlEtUqx>Q<l ~YLVE IlE nQWtoj30u)'ta tOU l:u).Myou euQEUtWv 'A8nvwv. l:tL~ 7- 11-1965 EYLVE iJ nuvnyuQLxn 6.:rtox6.).'U\IIn ti'i~ XtTJtOQLXi'i~ E3tLYQ<l~i'i~ xuL Ex~an tOU xoVnyUQLXOU Myou 6.:rt6 ro A uXEL6.QXn N LX. ' I. <I> ). 0 U c5 c , IlE 8t!J.U: «~L(lxoaLUEtTJQL~ l:xo).i'i~ 'Aytou 'Iuxrvvou - ~ AmQOu~ KuvouQtu~».

377

'H Ktll10QLXn btLYQa<pn JtQo<pavw~ OUvtUXtllXE f.lEta tnv 2011 'Iouvtou 1817, nf.lEQof.lnvLa tii~ a<pU;Ew~ tou Ilpoxomou, 6.vL'IjJLOU 10'0 ~nf.lntQLou, orov 'AYLUWn. '0 Ilpoxomo; So. ntav xaL 6 OUvtuxtll~ tn~, oJtw~ OUVUYEtat xcromv oUYXQLOEW~ f.lE tllV XatwtEQw iOLoXELQn btLOtOA.i) tou JtQo~ rov Kwv/vo 'Aooimo, YQaf.lf.lEVn f.lE ooQLOf.lEVa 0QSOYQa<PLXa o<puAf.lata xaL X<l:rtW~ MyLO v<po~.

'H btLYQa<pn elvci xE<paAaLOYQUf.lf.latll xaL aQxLsEL oo~ E!;ii~:

1798

EN MHN! lOY AIQ

H LXOAH IIPOL TON <l>IAOSEAMONA

'AJtEUSUVEtat JtQo~ rov OJtOLO «<pLAOSEUf.l0va», xatuJtAnxto ano to SEaf.la tOU SaUf.laOtou YLa tnv EJtOxn otxoOof.lnf.la1O~ tii~ LxoM~. 'AXOAOUS~L to xetuevo tii~ btLYQa<pii~ OE 25 OEXaJtEvtaOunaj3ou~ otLxou~:

Ti tatmax; f)al1f3ovf.levo~, epiAe ep£Aof)eaf.l0v; ME anoolav f.lvanxirv t;rm:L~ ro ovof.la uo» ...

Lta MYLa tii~ btLYQa<pii~ JtQOOWJtOJtOLE'ttat n tOLa n LxoM, n 6JtoLa a:rtavtUEL OE JtQwtO JtQoowJto JtQo~ to «<pLAOSEUf.l0va». 'Emonpntve; Jt(il~ JtQOXEL tat YLa «olxia rwv Movawv», xaSott ol MOUOE~ SEwQoUvtav OeorntE~ twv YQaf.lf.lUtwv xaL YEVLXa tii~ JtatOEi.a~, Jt(il~ oo~ «oxoAeLov» btaYYEAAEtat «ootpiav ... aep' n~ oMEv YAvxiov, rOL~ vtou; X(!TJa£f.ldJrarov rep avayxauo {3icp». 'Of.lLAEL YLa rov xtiltoQa-LOQutn tii~ LxoM~, to ~nf.lntQLO, JtQooOLoQi.sOvta~ rtcvrc OE JtQwtO JtQoowJto n LxoAn Ott:

'0 iono; onov {3(!iaxof.laL ely' n airtoi) nar(!ifJa, Ka(!rt;uiJrTJ~ AtyeraL navtoi) n oirtoi) qJaf.liAta.

'H EmYQa<pn OtaXQLVEtat OE ovo f.lEQn: OtO JtQwto xaL XUQLO f.lEQO~, JtOl) xataMYEL f.lE to «'Af.lnv», UJtUQXEL JtaQuxAnon OtOU~ EtOEQXOf.lEVOU~ otn LX0A.i) va JtQOOEUxwvtat YLa tOV tOQutn tn~ ~nf.lntQLO xaL tOU~ yOVEL~ xai. anoyovou~ YEVLXa twv Kcptotornov, LtO OEUtEQO f.lEQO~, OtOU~ tEAEUrctou; 4 Oti.xou~, «6f.lLAE't» n LX0A.i) JtEQL tou Ilpoxontou, OO~ tou «xv(!iov toi: ~XOAeiOV», onAaon oo~ tOU iOtoxtiJtll xaL Mvtii tii~ LXOAii~: KaL j3Ej3ai.w~ 6 IIQoxomo~, OUVSEtll~ tii~ EmYQa<pii~, xataAtlYEL f.lE 6.va<poQa xaL otil OLXn tOU rcuromrc xaL JtQoo<poQu. Toirro f.laQtuQEL xaL ytatL n xrnroQLxil JtMxa OEV ntav E!;aQxii~ htOLXLOf.lEVn, JtaQa EX tWV UOtEQWV 6.vaQtllf.lEvn OtO UJtEQSUQO.

'0 IIQoxomo~, 6 ayaJtnf.lEvO~ avt'ljJLo~ tOU ~nf.lntQLou, UJtiiQ!;E, JtQuYf.lan, 6 «oEUtEQaywvLotil~» otnv JtQaYf.lutwon 10'0 ESVW<PEAOU~ EQYOU rou SEtou tOU. '0 ~nf.lntQLO~ rov XUAEOE to 1812 ornv TEQYEotn, tOV EOtEtAE ornv 'AxaOnf.lLa tii~ IIaj3i.a~, oJtou oJtouOaoE <l>LAooo<pLa, MaSnf.lattXa xaL IloioaYWYLxu, f.lE JtQOOQLOf.lO tOU va avaxatVLOn til LXOAil 'AYLOU '!WUWOU, va tnv btavoQooon f.lE XatUnnAO EXJtatOEUtLXO JtQoowmxo xaL j3Ej3aLw~ va OL-

378

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E!.tELVaV OQ8LOL ot tOLXOL Trl£. ..

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26. '0 MtxanA. nOtaa;UtTI~, <'mo tOV IIMtavo KuvouQta~, ntav LxoMQxn~ xuta ta EtTI 1880-2 xaL 1884-5 oro 'EAJ..nvtxo LX0A.ELO • Am;Qou~. BA.. M t X a n A. r LOt U a A.trn, (<'OA.Lya JtEQL tfi~ ... », OJt. av., o. ISS ..

OL ~XOA.EC;; tOu LlTl!J.T1tQt01J KUQ1Jtou.orn

379

tOU YLUtQOU tne; ~xoAiie;, OtOV onOLO 0 ~Tl!!i)tQLOe; anEOtEA.A.E xuL ta qJUQ!lUxu, XUA.UJttOvtUv ano rov tOLO xuL !lEta 'to OUVaLO 'tOU 'to 1819, ano tov XA.TJQOVO!lO rou Ilpoxomo.

fLa 'ttl A.EL'tOUQytu 'tne; ~xoAiie; aqJLEQlOOE 6 KUQu'tOLW'tTle; xuL 'to. elooonunrc ano 'to we; aVlO unoo'ta'tLxo-'AYQoxi)mo: «Ete; OL'tTlQEOLOV ron 0X0A.ELOU 't<1e; nQo06ooue; unoo'tU'tLXOU al;LOMyou nOA.UOEvOQOU xuL EimuQnou»27. To 'AYQoxi)mo n'tuv unoOELY!lU'tLXO YLa TnV EUQU'tEQTJ nEQLoxn !lEXQL rov nOA.Euo 'tOU 1940. ~'to XWQo rou Oi)!lEQU ~Qtoxov'taL 'ta ~XOA.ELU, 'to IIVEWU'tLXO KEV'tQO xuL 'to fi)nEoo ~ AO'tQoue;. ~TnV aVaLOALXit nAEUQa 'tOU nEQL~OAOU 'tfiC; ~xoA.'iie; KUQu'tOLW'tTl v AotQoue; unuQXEL OUQu btLXOLvlOvtue; !lE tov nEQL!luv'tQlO!lEVO 'IEQO XWQo 'tne; B' 'EOVLXfie; ~1JVEAEUOTJe; 'tWV 'EA.A.t1VlOV (30 MUQ'tLOU - 18 'AnQLA.LOU 1823), onou xuL n EV'tOLXLO!lEVTJ aVU!lVTJO'tLxit nMxu (elx. 4, 5). ME 'titv nEQu'tlOoL 'tWV EQYUOLWV 'tTle;, orn ~xoAit ouv'tUX'tTJXE ano rov . 'AQXLYQU!l!laLEU 'tTle;, e. NEYQTJ, n nEQLqJTJ!lTJ ~LUXi)QUSTJ nQoe; tnv 'YqJi)ALO, unoYEYQU!l!lEVTJ ano 127 nA.TJQEI;OUOLOUe;, !lE'tUI;U 'tWV onouov xuL 0 e. KoA.OxOtQWVTJe; xut 0 'AYLUWL'tTlC; onAuQXTJyoe; KlOV/VOe; ZUqJELQonOUA.Oe;. '0 'IEQOe; XWQoe; EXEL EX'tUOL 422 r.u, xuL 6vo!lus0'tuv «IIEQL~oMxL» ti «IIEQL~OMXL 'tWV OUOXUA.lOV», 0' aV'tLOEOTJ !lE 'to !lEYUA.O nEQL~OA.L twv 47 o'tQE!l!lU'tlOV, !lE 'to onoto EnLXOLVlOVEL !lE 'titv xUQLa nQoe; vorov etoooo. TO. nQo'(ovrc rou 'ta VE!lOvtUV, XaLa XA.TJQOVO!lLXO 'tQonov 'tLVa OLXULlO!lU, ol EXUO'tO'tE OLOUOXUAOL 'tne; ~xoA.fie;, ElOe; 'to 1899, onore OAO 'to nEQL~oAL 'tOU KnQUtOLW'tTl nEQLfiA.OE oro KQu'tOe;, we; ~TJ!lOOLO 'AYQoxi)mo28.

'H EnuvwQuoTJ 'tne; IxoA.'iie; 'tOU 'AYLOU 'IlOUWOU, nUQa tLe; EI;UV'tA.TJ'tLXEe; EVEQYELEe; 'tWV XaLOLXlOV, we; nQodnU!lE, oEv EUlOOWOTJXE. 'EmOxEUuO'tTlXE O!llOe; aQYO'tEQU n ~xoAit 'tOU ~ Aorpou; xuL EnUVUA.EL'tOUQYTJOE 'to 1829, !lE titv aQXaLOnQEJtTJ EnOVO!lUOLU «MOUOELOV KUQ1J'tOLW'tTl», xuOwe; ol MOUOEe; OElOQOUvtUv nQoo'tU'tQLEe; OEO'tTJ'tEC; 'tWV YQU!l!lU'tlOV. fLO. 'titv aVUXULVTJOTJ 'tfie; ~xoAnc; XUVEL Myo xuL 0 <l>UlOlOv KOUXOUAEC;: «Tov Ilpoxornov ... EnUVEUQlOX0!lEV we; aVUXaLVLO'titv 'tne; ~xoA.ne; !lELa rnv EnL 'I~Quit!l XaLa 'to 1826 nUQnOA.TJOLV uU'tfiC; ... »29. '0 N. <l>A.OUOUe; OTJ!lOOLEUEL xuL 'tit OLUOi)XTJ 'tOU IIQoxoztou", nou OUvtUXOTJXE ornv «TEQYEO'tTl, 20-6-1822», xuL OTJ!lOOLEU'tTJXE otLc; «26-1-1836»31, At yEe; !lEQEe; !lE'ta 'to OUVaLO 'tOU, !lE'tUqJQUO!lEVTJ ano 'to. 'IreA.LXU, onou YQUqJEL 0XE'tLXa !lE 'tit YEVE'tELQU 'tOU, 'tOV ~ Avio 'IlOUVVTJ: «'AqJi)-

27. «'EQ!J.fic;; 6 A6yLOC;;», 1812.

28. N. <111..oubu, E>uQEatLXU, t6!J.. B', 0.346-7.

29. <11uLbwvoc;; K01JX01J1..E,«Ta ~X01..Eta tfiC;; K1JV01JQLaC;;», 'A8nvu, t6!J.. 39, o, 143.

30. N. <111.. 0 U() U, E>uQEUtLXU, t6!J.. B' , o. 326-330.

31. Xp t o r t vu c K01J1..ouQTI, «'R BL(31..L08ilxTI ... », Ort. av., a. 34.

380

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32. F = cpLoeLvw: xeuau n aeyuea voutoucrc,

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381

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BaOLXa 6LMoxovtav n YAwooa xat oroe; ltQoxwQn!!EVOU£ !!aSntE£ ol 'AQxalOL "EAAnVE£ oUYYQacpEI£ Mo Eva LX0AaQxn xat Evav 'Ylt06LMoxaAo, ol <IlUOLXE£ Emotii!!E£, n Xnaeto, to. MaSn!!atLXa xat Mo r;EVE£ YAWOOEC;, 'ItaALxa xaL faAALxu. 'R LxoAn ntav Ecpo6LaO!!EVl) xaL !!E oQyava <IluOLxii£ xat X n!!Ei.ac;, YLa tnV ltQaXtLXn Er;UOx11On rov !!aSntwv xaL CPUOLXa xat !!E !!La ltAOUOLa BL~ALOSnxri, %aSoo£: «LXOAEIOV XWQL£ ~L~Ai.a xat to. aAAa MaQai.tnta oQyava !!aSnOEW£ ELVaL OtQatoltE60 XWQL£ OltAa»15. Lti] 6n!!LouQYLa, ltQuy!!atL twv EvtUltWOLaXWV YLa EXEIva to. XQovLa BL~ALoSnXwV ornv UltO- 60uAn 'EAAa6a So. ouvE~aAE xaL n orevn 0XEOn xat ouvEQyaoi.a twv Knpurcuorov !!E rov K. 'Aocomo, a alt010C; tOVL~E ltoo£: «rooov ltEQLOOOtEQOV SEAO!!EV ltQOXO'\jJEL, OOOV tEAELOtEQa£ ~L~ALOSnxa£ ouornotouev-". ~EtOL, xaL ol Mo LXOAE£ twv KaQULOLwtwv, !!E tL£ ltAOUOLE£ ~L~ALOSiiXE£, ntav Ecpo6LaO!!EVEC; xaL !!E to. MaQai. tntn EltOlttLXa !!EOa 6L6aoxaALa£, rtou OltUVL~aV aXo!!a xat orn avuAoya LxoAEIa-KoAf...Eyw tii£ EUQooltn£. IIQocpavnc; ntav n rni,6Qaon tii£ ~wii£ tii£ 'O!!oYEvELa£ tii£ TEQYEOtnc; ornv EltLAOyi] twv ~L~Ai.WV: ~L~Ai.a avacpEQO!!EVa orn ~wn tii£ 'EAAnVLxii£ KOLVOtnta£ tii£ TEQYEOtn£, ern AELtoUQyi.a tOU LXOAEi.OU tnc;, ~L~ALa tVltW!!EVa ornv TEQYEOtn 0XEtLXa !!E rnv 'Iorootc YEVLXa tiiC; ltOAEW£, XtA.

'QOtOOO alto to. 4 74 OW~O!!EVa xaL xataYQa!!!!Eva37 EVtUlta ~L~Ai.a (xaL XUltOLa XELQoYQacpa), !!OVO to. 99 ElVaL ~L~Ai.a SEtLXWV EmOtn!!Wv (MaSn!!atLxu, <IlvOLXE£ xaL <IlvoLOyvWOtLXE£ Emotii!!E£, fEwYQacpLxu), noQOtL a ~n!!ntQLOC; EmSV!!OUOE tt£ LXOAE£ !!E ltQaxtLxn xatEUSVVOn. IlcvtW£, av 6EV 6cpEi.AEtaL OE tVxaIo YEYOVO£ n 6LUoWOn twv EvtUltWV tii£ SEwQntLxii£ xatEVSuvOEW£, !!aQtvQEItaL, ornv ouotc, xf...i.on twv LXOAWV ltQOC; tnv avSQwmotLxn ltaL6Ei.a: altaQattntn xaL ornv avamEQwon ron nSLxou twv UltO 6ovAEi.a !!aSntwv. Ilporreuouv to. EvtUlta twv 'AQxai.wv 'EAt..nVWV LVYYQacpEwv, OVVOALXa 133. LUYXQLtLXa !!EYUAO ELVaL xat to nooooro twv

35. «·EQf.liiC; 6 A6ywC;», 1812.

36. «·EQf.liiC; 6 A6ywC;», 1817.

37. XQLotLvac; KouA.ouQn, «'R BLf)A.w6i)xn ... », on. avo

382

LIlUQuyon I. 'AQj3avLtn

8QlJOXEUtLXWV ~L~AtroV, OUVOALXa 89 (,Ayta fQacpn, 'EQlllJVELEe; xat LxoALa Ota 'IEQa Ketuevo, IIatEQEe; tTie; EXXAlJotae;, 8WAOYLXU, AELtOUQYLXU, 'I'uxrocpEM). 'H avaAoyta aim; cpavEQooVEL acpEVOe; tnv dlEQYEtLxn rrvon tOU aQxmOEAAlJVLXOU nVEullatoe; OtO l;UnvlJlla tTie; EAAlJVLxTie; ouvw3noEroe; tou «QaYL<l» xat acpEtEQoU tn oromQLa nQoonAroOlJ ornv 'OQSoool;ta. 'Emounxorov olJAaM n naQoxn nmodae; IlE SEIlEAtroon tl}e; otn l;doroQlJ tAAlJVOXQLOtLaVLXn naQMoon.

TO. I3Lf3Ata 'tTie; ~L~ALOSnXne;, oUIlCProva IlE tnv nQocpoQLxn naQMoolJ, ot XU'tOLXOL tou 'AYLuVVn nQ6~AE'ljJav, nQtv tnv EmOQolln tou 'I!l3tQanll, xat to. tXQU'ljJav OE YEL'tOVLXEe; onnALEe;, oool;ovtae; ru <'l3to rnv nUQn6AlJOn. Feyovoe; nou odxvEL OtL 6 X601l0e; £IXE oUVELOntOnOLnoEL n600 onunvnxo onAO T)'tav 'to ~LI3AtO or« XQ6vLa 'tTie; oxAal3L<le;. To 1827 'to. I3LI3Ata cpl-'Mooovrnv ornv olxtc twv 'AYLavvLtwv nOAElluQXrov ZacpELQonouArov xat IlE tnv EnaVaAEL'touQyta tTie; LXoATie; tou ~ AotQoue; IlEtacpEQSlJXaV 0' autnv. LnllEQa ~Qtoxov'tm OtO IIvE'UllatLXO KEvtQO tou ~ Aorpop; xat elvot nQoaLta OtOUe; IlEAEtlJtEe;.

flO. roo; 1lnnQEmOavtEC; Otte; LXOAEe; twv KaQUtOLrotwv 'Exmnoeunxoue; OEV 1lnuQXEL ax61la Evae; oAoxAnQrollEvoe; Xa'tUAoyoe;. at nEQL006tEQOL Titav vromoi, xat YLa rov A6yo OtL avtrnEl;EQXOvtaV xaAiltEQa Ota OLXOVOIlLXU roue. 'A vacpEQOUIlE 'toile; mo yvroo'tOue;:

1. KaAalll3oxtOlJe; BaotAELOe;, ano tOV "AyLO 'Ioxivvn. 'AvacpEQEtm Ota «'AnOIlVlJIlOVEUlla'ta» rou 'Avovvoxrrn Kovooxn we; 0 nQwtOe; LxoMQxne; Otte; LxoMe; KaQU'tOLOOtl}, OnA. to 1798.

2. MallUxne; 'Irocvvnc, futo rov & AyLO 'Ioxrvvn. Kntn nAlJQocpoQLEe; KovMxn. To 1800-1801 otn LXOAti 'Avtou 'Icocvvou, to. ttl} 1804-1806 o'tn L~UQvn xat to 1809 nUAL orn LXOAti 'Avtou 'Irouvvo'U, oreou ot6al;E Eroe; to 1816. ~toaoxE 'AQxaLoue; "EAAlJVEe; oUYYQacpELe; xat XQLOtLaVLXa xdllEva.

3. ALXVOe; MLxanA, IlE OEOOIlEVO OtL 6 N. <l>Aouoae;38 avacpEQEL we; 'Avurvvttn rov Korv. MaQouon fJ ALxv6, xat 6 Ev A6yro o LMoxaAOe; , Xata nAnQOcpoQtEe; tou Kovocxn", So. Titav 'AYLavvttl}e;. ~LaOEXtl}XE 'to 1801 tOV 'I. Mcuoxn.

4. Malluxne; IIavaYLootlJe; (llovaXOe; IIaQSEvLOe;), <'l3to rov 'AYLuVVn. ~toal;E we; oLMoxoe; tOU nQonyoullEvOU ALXVOU, xat l;ava 'to 1829-183Q4°.

5. 'Icxrvvou fJ IIAatavLtl}e; ~nllntQLOe;, <'l3to tnV IIMtavo. Ilpootomxotnrc IlE IlEYUAn EXnmOEUtLXn, ayrovLOtLXn xat nOALtLXn oQuon. To 1790 So. otoaoxE OtO avacpEQ61lEVO, OtO avrotEQro IIatQLaQXLxo LLytAALO, «<l>QOVtL-

38. EhlQEatLXU, I" , O. 634.

39. 5:rt. a.v.

40. 'EqJ/ou «'AQXUOLXU», NOEI-$QLO<; 1957.

383

ornQLOv xat LXOAeLOV 'En'YJVLXWV !-la9'YJI-.uhwv», xat to 1814 oni LXOA.t1 KcQUtOLc.lJtr]. IIA'YJQo<poQLe~ KovMx'YJ.

6. BOOUVLCbtYJ~ 'IeQa9w£ 'Ito., teQOOL(lXOVO£-!-lovaxa£, t'mo ttiv 'BtLOXO:ltti Tey£a£. L:ltOUOaOe t'mo to 1816 EW£ to 1821 otn LxoM ~AQYou£ xat OtO «MOUOeLO KaQUtOLOOtOU» tOU 'AYLOU 'Ioxivvou tii£ KuvouQLa~, OtO onoto 0UYXQavw£ EO LOaoxe4I.

7. KaQutOLootYJ~ Ilooxomoc, <mo rov 'AYLUVV'YJ, aVL'IjnO£ tOU d'YJ!-l'YJtQLOU, d/vtti~ tii~ LXOAii£ 'AYLOU 'Icxrvvou, 1817-1819, xat to onucvnxorepo :ltQaow:lto, f-leta to geLo tOU, Otti OLOQYUVWO'YJ twv LXOAWV KaQUtOLOOt'YJ orov ~ AyLO 'IwuvV'YJ xat to ~ AotQo£.

'O:ltWOOn:ltOte YeVVL£taL orov xa9£va xat f] a:n:oQta, :ltW£ ta ouo aina £:n:L~A'YJnxa OLoaxtilQLa !-lE ttiv EyyeLa tOLOxtYJoLa roix, !-lE :ltaQexa!-lev'YJ nmoei.a aX!-lusouoa YLa ttiv E:ltOXti xat f-lE <pnf-l'YJ eUQutat'YJ, AeLtOuQyouoav a:ltQOoxozrc xata ta MoxoAa XQavLa tii£ TouQxoxQatta£ xat of-v ta xat£otQeqxrv ti xat WtAW£ Mv ta ExAeLVav. 'H AeLtOuQYLa twv Mo !-leYUAWV autwv LXOAWV wqJELA.6tav :ltQo<pavw~ Ott£ xaAE£ 0X£OeL£ twv tomxwv aQxavtwv:ltQOWtwv !-lE roo; TouQxou£, ESayoQusovta~ xat tti <pLAta tou£ !-lE :ltAOUOLa oWQa. L'YJ!-lavtLxOOteQO£ t'mo tou<; :ltQouxovte£ ntav 6 :ltU!-l:ltAOUtO£ 'AYLavVLtYJ£ youvaQa£ 'AvayvoootYJ£ IIa:n:usoYAou, oUyXQovo~ twv KaQutOLWtWV, ol 6:ltoLOL xat tOV OU~OUAeuOvtav oXenxa !-lE ti~ d)eQYWLe£ roix. Kat :ltQuyurrn E:n:'YJQ£ase OWQoooxoovta£ tOU£ TouQxou£ ~LOLXntE£ tii£ TQL:rtOALtOa£ xat tOU Nau:ltA.i.ou, EtOL :ltOU dXe EsaoqJaALoeL YLa rnv :lteQLOXti ron ~ Aorpoo; on!-lavnxa :ltQovaf-lLa xat xUQtw£ rnv :lteQLqJQOUQnon tii£ 8Qnoxei.a£ xat tii£ IIaLoei.a£42. "Hrnv !-lUALOta rooo OteVE£ ol OX£OEL~ rou !-lE tOU£ TouQxou£ :ltOU E8ewQeLto ro~ xat tOuQxa<pLAo£ xat Mv Ev£:n:Vee xat rooo E!-l:ltLOtoOuvn. BQLoxouevoc ornv Kcovorcvnvowroxn !-lun9'YJxe ern <l>LALxti 'EtaLQei.a, ana ol LOLOL ol <l>LALxOt rov OnA'YJtYJQtaoav t'mo <pa~o YLa tUXov :ltQoOooLa.

'A:lton!-loovta~ yevLxa to EQYO twv LXOAWV KaQUtOLootYJ: :ltQaoqJeQav ta !-l£YLOta ro£ .J'tvEU!-lanxot qJUQOL ornv ava~8f-lLon tOU J'tvEU!-lanxou E:n:LJ't£OOU tOU avayevvoo!-leVOU E9vou£, OU~uAAOVta£ onucvnx« xat ornv xaAAL£QyeLa tOU aywvLonxou <pQovn!-lato£ twv !-la8ntwv xata ta J'tQoe:n:avaotanxa XQaVLa tii£ xuoqJoQta£ tOU '21. at LXOAE£ AeLtOuQyouoav uJ'toOELY!-lanxa YLa tnv E:n:Oxn tOU£, f] :ltaQax!-lti tOU~ aQXLOe 6!-lw~ !-lE to 8uvato tOU LOQutii tOU£, to 1819, !-lwoMB'YJoe f] taQaY!-l£v'YJ J'teQLOOO£ tii£ 'Encvcorcoeox, axoAou8noe f]

384

ltUQlt6A.llOll futo tOV 'If.tJtQanf,l to 1826, WOltOU to 1830 1i a.vaXaLVWSELOa ~xoM tOU ~AotQou~ ltEQLtiA.SE oro ~1lf,l60LO.

ME rnv a.vaOUOtaOll tou 'EA.A.llVLXOU KQutou~ 1i ~XOA.n A.ELtOUQYllOE w~ 'EA.A.llVLXO ~XOA.ELO, f,lE otXOVOf,lLXO':'~ lt6Qou~ futo to xA.llQoMtllf,la Kcpurouorn, &~ to 1899. Ltn ouvEXELa w~ 'EA.A.llVLXO ~XOA.ELO-~XOA.aQXELo (1899- 1929), w~ 'Hf,lLYUf,lVUOLO (1929-1940), w~ 'AotLXO ~XOA.ELO (1935), w~ rUf,lVUoLo-AUxELO (1939-1971), xat Onf,lEQa avaXaLVWf,lEVO to XtLQLO OtEYU~EL to 'AQXaLOA.0YLXO MOUOELO. ~LaOW~EtaL ltQooOOlt0YQa<pLa tou ~llf,llltQLOU, tnv 6ltOLa elXE futOOtdA.EL /.tyo ltQtv to Suvat6 rou, xat ornv OltOLa EXEL a.vaYQu\j!EL tOLOXdQw~: «IIaQaL too tti~ ltatQwo~ uou to XtLQLOV tou ~xoA.dou xat to ultootatLxov roo ~ AOtQou~ f,lE oA.a ta Ouf.tJtEQLA.af.L(3av6f,lEva d~ to xovtQuta Xaf,lWf,lEvO ltaQ' Ef,lOU a.<pnvw tti~ ltatQLOO~ uou oLa to xaMv tti~ KOLvornn«; MULO~ 1819»43 (dx. 7).'

'0 Ilooxomoc, f,lEta to Suvato tOU Sdou tOU, EltEotQE\j!E ornv TEQYEOtll yL6. va oLExOLXnOll tiJv XA.llQOVOf,lLU. ~Uf,l<pwva f.lE tn owSiJxll tOu ~llf,llltQtou 6 Ilpoxomo; XA.llQoVOf,lOUOE 01.11 tnV ltEQLOUOta, EaV, f,lE tnv MELa ron IIatQLUQXll, futooXllf,latL~6tav futo ~LUXOVO~, ltavtQw6tav xat futoxtaUOE YL6. ~EtOL xat EYLVE. "'OA.a a.XOA.OuSnOav xata tiJv EltLSUf,lLa-Ei!xn tou ~nf,llltQLoU xat 0 Ilpoxomo; xcreorn 6 YEVLXO~ XAllQov6f,l0~ tii~ tEQuOtLa~ ltEQLOuoLa~ ron Betou tau.

To 1912 6 ~UAAOYO~ toov 'Of,lOYEVooV f,la~ eUQeatoov tOU ~LXUYOU, nf,lwvta~ tn f,lVnf,lll tou ESvLXti~ aXtLVO~OALa~ EUEQYEtll, ronoeernoe ornv ltAateta tou ~ Aorooo; xaAALf,luQf,laQo a.VoQLuvta tOU, YLa va OtExEL EXEL w~ Aaf.tJtQO ltaQUOELYf,la <PLA.OltatQLa~ xat f,lLf,lnOEW~ YLa tt~ EltEQX6f,lEVE~ YEVLE~, f,lE xaQaWEVll tn ALtn EltLYQa<pn:

~HMHTPIQ KAPYT~IQTH ~AIIANAI~ TOY EN ~IKArQ ~Y MOrOY eYPEA~

o KAPYT~IQTH~ .

30 MAPTIOY 1912

'0 a.VOQLuvta~ rou ~QLox6tav orn SEan autn &~ to 1997, lto':' a.vaJtt..aO'tllXE 1i ltAatda, xat to NOEf.L(3QLO tou 2000 a.VaOtllAWSnXE OE ltEQLOlttll SEan OtO XOOQo tou aAAOtE 'AYQoxnltLOU rou (elx, 8).

IIaQatLSEtaL EOoo xat to EltLYQaf,lf,la taU 'AOtQLVOU <I>LAoMyou N. FeWQYLUOll, lto':' ltEQLAaf.L(3uvEtaL oro ~L~ALO rou «MEtu<PQaoL~ roo ~aAAOUtOLOU, I1EQt ouveouootcc; tau KatLALVa, 1914», 6 6ltOLO~ ltQoej3AEJtE ltQotof,ln

43. rEVLX<l YL<l tilv xAnQoboata tOU xaL UiLmteQ(J)~ 6aa CL<pogovv til IXOAiI xaL tiJv nEQLouata tOU oro 'AatQo~ nEQLAaJ.$<lvOVtm haALatL atil bLa8nxn tOU, TEQyeatn 27-2- 1819, naQ. 5.

385

toil l111ftntQLOU KaQutOLwt11 oro JtQOaUAlO tfi£ ~xoM£ «Mouostov KcoutGLWt11»:

'Hvioe Ka(J'WWTn~ .1nfJ.nT(Jto~, ·o~ T06e [(Jov fD(Jvae Movatuov, lraT(Ji& :rrOU' OcpeAO~.

CIOou 0 KaQtOLwt11£ l1.11ftntQlO£, JtOU tonto to teQo twv Moixxov tOQuae, ornv JtatQLoa fteyaA11 WcpEAHa).

'OOUYXQOVO£ rou XQWtOCPOQO£ <PLA11ta£, ftetEmLta Ka811Y11tn£ OtO IIav/ftLo 'A811vWV, ErcLo11ftaLveL ornv Emtuf.t(3La EJtLYQacpn ornv TeQYEOt'Yl, Jtou 6 tOLO£ eYQa1jJe, O,tL to uSLOextLft11tO ornv JtQooWJtLxOt11ta rou:

'EveCt6e xeitai / .1nfJ.nT(Jto~ Ka(JTSLWTn~ / ex toi) iv A.axwvivc 'Ayiov 'Iwawov / ef1JTo(Jo~ / o~ evaef3eia inuixeu: / xai Tfj :rrE(Ji Ta aVfJ.f3oAma TLIlLOTnTL / a:rramv &EUr/ai TE xai l;tvOL~ / fJ.eX(JL TEAEvraia~ fJfJ.e(Ja~ fjv alDecuux; / o~ TE Tfi~ lr5ia~ avrov :rraT(JiDo~ OVDe:rrOTE e:rrtAnafJ.WV / cp(JOVTWTn(JLOV ev aVTfj / ono»; (Xv VEOTn~ ivocxo; e:rrian~ xai :rrE(JioLXO~ / n1v natodxxv eXOL avaxmoaana: Cl(JEn1v / ex nov loiow [D(JvaaTo / ef3iw waEi eTn on " el; mvev TE(JyeaTn fJ.S' / ... /tTEAeVTnaE Tfj LE' C/JEf3(Jova(Jiov, eTEL .caou)' / ... 44_

«'Eow xeItaL 6 l111ftntQLo£ KOQttLWtlJ£, eftltoQo£, 0 oJtoIo£ xatu tnV eiJoE~Ha, rnv ErcLetxeLa xal xata Lnv tuuotntc otl£ OUft~OAaLoYQacpLxE£ JtQaSH£ OE OAOU£ tou£ &En11ve£ xal toU£ SEVOU£ nLav oe~aoLo£ w£ LnV reAeUtaLa TJftEQa Lfi£ twfi£ tOU, xal 0 oxoto; OUOEJtOLe A11Oft0V110e tnv LOLaLtegn LOU JtaLQtoa, xal 'CoQuoe 0' autn ~xoAei:o ~E OLXE£ rou oaJtave£, YLa v' uvaxtiJo11 TJ veOL11La toil LOJtOU xal tWV YUQw mQLOXwv tnv JtaLQoJtaQCtOoL11 UQetn».

~uftlteQaoftanxa, 8a eAeye xavd£ YLa to EXAeXtO aULo LEXVO LOl) 'AYLavv11- ~ AOLQOU£, to l1.'YlftntQLO KaQUtoLWtlJ, on exave JtQaS11 to ooco AOyo LOl) IIAaLwva (8eaY11£ 122B): «OU yaQ eon mQt OtoU 8HOtEQOU av uv8QwJto£ ~OUAeUOaLtO, n JteQl JtaLoeta£ xaL autol) xal LWV a1)1:0l) olxetorv. - Mv uJtaQXH, JtQaYftan, xan UAAO mo 8e'Cxo uJto to va oxecpLfi 0 uv8QwJtO£ YLa rnv JtaLoeta xal Lil OLXn LOU xal yevLxa tWV OLXWV tou».

'Ev XaLaXAei:oL Emo11ftatvOUfte mb£ UQXELOL, oJtw£ otOLXHWOW£ avacpeQ8nxafte, exouv xaLa XaLQou£ <'WXOA118fi ftE to EevLxa-JtoALLWftLXa mQLonouocoro 8Efta twv KaQutOLwtWV. 'Erd tOl) JtQOXHftEVOU, ftE Lilv JtaQoiloa donY11011 uJto~M\jJafte tbLaLtEQW£ ornv xata to ouvatov txavoJtOL'YlnXn rmgouoLao11 tfi£ JtQoocpoQCi£ tWV Kcputouonrrv ornv JtaLOeLa Lfi£ UJtOOOUA'Yl£ yevELHQa£ roix, Kci bLXaLa, YL' autnv rnv JtQoocpoQa LOU£, ftE LnV eueQye-

44. 'H wL't1JI!f:ku EJtLygUqlll ExM8nxE xuL Of I!OV6CPUAAO, 'toii onotou qxotoruntc 0't6: Xp ro t t vc ; K01JA01Jgn. ,,'H BL(3A.L08ilxn ... », oJt, txv,

386

LIlUQuycSl1 I. 'AQ(3UVLtl1

nxi) xaL YOVLl1ll nVEUl1anxi) amlXllO'll "Clle;; ornv uno tuyo OOUAElae;; na"CQLoa, ol KaQU"COLonEe;;, xaL XaLEsoxi)v a i1lll1n"CQLOe;;, XaLaAEYOV"CaL ornv XOQELa "Cwv MeyaArov 'E8vLXWV EUEQYE"CWV.

IIAPAPTHMA

'AAAllAOYQacpLa Ilpoxomou xat i1lll1ll"CQLou KaQ"COLonll I1E tov Korv/vo 'AoWJtLo.

Ol KaQU"COLW"CEe;;, [3E[3alroe;;, OLaLllQouoav xaL cpLALXEe;;-OLanQooromxEe;; 0XEOELe;; I1E oUYXQovoue;; roue OLaXEXQLI1EVOUe;; &EAAllVEe;; OLaVOOUI1EVOUe;; rtou [3Qloxov"Cav ornv EUQwnll, "Coue;; onoLoue;; xaL OUI1[3oUAEuov"Cav oXEnxa I1E "Ci) OQaO"CllQLo"Cll"Ca roue YLa tnv '(OQUOll xaL AEL"CouQyLa LXOAWV ornv unoOOUAll na"CQlOa.

'0 EyxaQOLOe;; OWI10e;; "COUe;; l1aQ"CuQEL"CaL xaL OE acpLEQconxi) EmO"COAi) ron 'Aotomou, «nQU"Cavll "Cwv 'EAAllVLXWV rQal1l1a"Crov» YLa tnv Enoxn "COU xaL «i1aoxaAo "Cou Fevouc», I1E lJl1EQOl1llvla 17-11-1817, nQoe;; rov Ilooxomo O"COV & AyLO 'Ioxrvvn, nou nEQLAal1[3aVE"CaL oro [3L[3ALo "COU «Ma8nl1aLa "Cne;; rQaLxLxne;; nwooae;; OLa "Co LXOAELOV "Cwv EV TEQYEO"Cll XaLOLxlll1Evrov rQaLXwv» (1818). '0 'Aororno; EnaLVEL tov Ilpoxorno YLa "CLe;; CPQOV"CLOEe;; xaL rou; xonoue;; rou YLa rnv "CEAEwnoLlloll "Cne;; LxoAne;; O"COV "AyLO 'kocvvn, xaL YQacpEL: « ... 'AAA.a OU. xaM Ilpoxorue, OUOE '\j!UXQoe;;, OiJ()E MLacpoQOe;; EI1ELVEe;; xaL rnv mQa "CaU"CllV aOXOAELOaL de;; rnv EmoxEui)v xaL EnL "Co XQEL"C"COV l1E"Ca[3oAi)v wu de;; "Ci)v naLQLoa uno Tne;; otxLae;; oou (OllA. otxovsvetc; OOU) ouo"Ca8EV"COe;; LXOAElOU».

LE tOLoYQacpll Emo"CoM "COu Ilpoxorttou I1E "ConoXQovoAoyLa «1818 Ma'Cou 20 ana" AyLOv 'Ioxivvnv» nQoe;; rov Kurv/vo 'Aowm04S, cpaLvE"CaL nwe;; a 'Aotomo; OE 8a' dXE A.6.[3EL anav"CnoHe;; OE Emo"COAEe;; rou nQoe;; rov IlpoxonLO xaL "Co EsEAa[3E we;; MLacpoQla. '0 Ilpoxomo; anav"CCt ana "COV 'AYLawll O"COV 'Aoromo nou [3QLoXE"CaL ornv TEQyEO"Cll. onou OLOaoxE ornv EXEL LXOAi) "Cne;; Kowornrc; 'EAMvrov 'OQ80Msrov, we;; Esne;;: «KUQLE 'Aotoms, OE aonatOl1aL. ~ AOLXOV EXHe;; va naQanovnOaL xa"C' El10ii OVELoLtrov I1E EmMol1ova "Cne;; ayanlle;; oou, 'Eyw OEV EAEL'\j!a de;; xa8E oou YQal111a ana "Co va oOL anoxQLvol1aL AaxovLXWe;; ... ». LUVEXLtEL "COvLtov"Cae;; "Ci)v acpLEQroon "COU xaL rnv ESav"CAlloll OAroV rou "Cwv OUVaI1Erov, YLa va CPEQll OE nEQae;; "Co AEL"COUQYlll1a rrou "COii dXE ava8Eoll a 8ELOe;; "COU i1lll1n"CQWe;;, ana rov osroto EsaQno"Cav lJ avaxAllOn "COU ornv LXOAi) "Cne;; TEQYEO"Clle;;, acpou nQro"CLo'troe;; 80. EXll oQyavro8n

45. Ol avucpEQ6IlEVEC; btWtOAEe; (3QLoXOVtm ornv 'E6vLxn BL(3AL06i)xl1 tfie; 'EAAUcSUe;.

Tilfillu XELQOYQUcpwv. 'AQXELO 'Aotontou. BA. xui X Q LOt L vue; K01JAOU Ql1. «'H BL(3I.L06i)xl1 ... », on. av. - Tc 0Q60YQucpLxa 0CPUAIlUtU oE xElIlEvu tWV EJtLOtOI.WV cSt bLOQ- 6cbvovtm.

387

n ~xoA:ti 'tOU 'Aytou 'Ioxrvvou, wa'tE va AEL'toUQyii Cmooonxa xai. CmQoaxomu: «llw~, ilYan:TJ'tE, btaQ<ln:wav 'ta rooo 1l0U YQalllla'ta OEV ouvallm va 'to xa'taMBw lli]'tE eyw. To n:aQov OIlW~ col el;an:oa'tEAAE'tm an:o 'tQta IlEQTJ ... , OLa va ooi £AS1I 'tauMXLa'tov 'to EV, OLa va lluSTJ~ on ~w, xat on uYLatvw eow d~ rnv JtmQtoa, Jtuaxwv oAm~ OUVUIlWL OLa va 'tEAELWaW 'to EQYOV uou, xat va btLa'tQEtjJw aiJ'toaE VLXTJ'til~, 'to JtO'tE M, eQwmaov rov SELOV 1l0U xuQLOV OTJllil'tQLOv ... ».

ZTJ'tUEL aXOIlTJ 6 Ilooxomo; va 'tou-Cmoa'tELATJ xai. auYYQulllla'tu 'tOU, n:ou CmoxaAEL «JtaU>a~» 'tOU, YLa 'to LXOAELO 'tOU, IlE JtQoSwil 'tau va 'ta yvworonornon n xat JtQowSilaTJ xat aE uAAa LxoAELa 'tii~ Ilsxonovvnoou; «Ilpoouevco xai. 'tou~ dOLXOU~ oou n:aLoa~, n'toL aUYYQullllmu oou, oLa va 'to~ xowoxovncco xai. eOw d~ 'to axoAELoV uou xai. d~ uAAa IlEQTJ 'tii~ llEAOJtOVvnoou ... 'Yvtmvs, xaAE cptAE, uytmvE xat JtUALV uytmvE. 1818 Motou 20 Cmo N AyLOv 'Icorrvvnv: '0 cptAO~ oou Ilpoxomo; KaQ't~Lw'tTJ~».

LW~E'tm bttaTJ~ tOLoYQacpTJ btW'tOATt 'tou ~TJIlTJ'tQLOU Kcpurouorn JtQo~ rov Kurv/vo 'Aawmo, IlE 'toJt0XQovoA6YTJaTJ «TEQYEam 'tfj 12 'OX'tWBQLOU 1818», ornv oJtoLa cpatvE'tm Jt(b~ 0 'Aawmo~, IlE'ta 'tTtV uJtTJQwta rou oro ~XOAELO 'tii~ Koworntuc 'EAAi]vwv 'OQSoMl;wv 'tii~ TEQYEa'tT}~, dXE IlE'taBfi a'tTt ro'ttYYTJ 'tii~ rEQllavta~. 'R ex'ttllTJaTJ JtQo~ 'to IlEYUAO A6yLO xa'tacpatvE'tm xct Cmo 'tTtV daaywYLXTt n:QoacpwvTJaTJ:

«T(p aocpoAoYLw'tunp KUQttp KUQttp Krovorcvrtvo 'Aaomtp aaJtUsollm aiJ't(p ... », MLAwv'ta~ YLa 'ta IlEATJ 'tii~ otxoYEVELa~ KaQU'taLw'twv xai. LOLat'tEQa YLa «to xOQil't~TJa Ila~» -6 tOLO~ n'tav U'tEXVO~~, YLa 'ti.~ xaAE~ avallvilaEL~ 'tOU~, w~ YQUCPEL, rov JtATJQOCPOQEL IlE X<ln:OLa ouacpoQta, Jtw~ «'toQa Mv aJtouM~ouv 'tTtV YQEXTJxilv, uovov 'ta fEQllaVTJXa xai. <PQav't~E~TJxa, ... xat n:EvaUQoIlE xai. OLa yaIlJtQou~».

L'tTt aUVEXELa, rou YQUCPEL YLa 'tTtV xa'tua'taaTJ 'tou LXOAELOU 'tii~ Koivo'tTJ'ta~ 'EAAi]vwv 'OQSoMl;wv ornv TEQYEam, oJtOU emaTJllaLvE'tm xai..ft aVTJauxta 'tOU YLa tnv allEAELa xat OOLacpoQta 'twv llaSTJ'twv xai. 'tTtV i)SLXirY n:aQaAuata toix: «aQTJBUQTJaEV xat 6 OTJMo'xaAo~ 'tOU JtaQTJatou, 'tau 6JtotOU 'tau xovoevnconornxsv ... 'to axoAELoV xat n llaSTJ'tI~~ xui. XOV'tLVOUUQ'to· o~ nxouaa, xai. UIlJtO'tE~ va dvm OLa 'tTtV rCQoxonTtv 'tOV JtEoLov, tHon EL~ OAUYOV xmQov uQXTJaav va JtaQaATJoV'tm a'ta ooxcxin XWQt~ va xmayi]vovtm a'tu llaSilllmu 'tOU~ Ila OEV EXOUV xEcpaM lla'toQa 6QJtil~0Ilm». Kat xa'taAi]YEL, avacpEQollEVO~ orov Ilooxomo xai. a' Eva ouaxaAo, JtQocpavw~ YLa tnv JtQoaATJtjJil rou ornv w~ UVW LXOAi]: «'AJto rov aLoQ JtQoxoJtTJ EAaBa YQuIllla rou xai. aa~ aaJtu~E'tE ex 'tii~ cpLAta~ xai. xaQoLa~, Ila OEV 'tOU elvci vvooro; 0 IlLaEIlO~ oou xai. llavSuvoV'tu~ 'to SEATJ Aun:TJSii, 'tTtV KUQTJaxTtv nXallEV oro YEuIla rov OTJMaXaAOv N: 6 6JtOLO~ 1l0U UQWEV, xat ~ rov OOEACPTJXOV aan:aallov IlEVW oLa rtcvru. EL~ rou; oQTJaIlOU~ oou, ~TJllil'tQLO~ KaQ'tl;TJwm~».

388

LXOALaaf.A.0e; xat :TtaQa'tl]QlJaELe; atte; Mo E3natoAEe;:

1. 'Y:Tt0YQacpo'UV f.A.E to btwvuf.A.6 tOUe; we; «KaQt~LW'tl]c;», :TtOV <'WcpaAWe; :TtQ6xELtaL YLo. :TtQocpoQa tOU ornv 'ItaALxlJ.

2. Ol btLatOAEe; OELXvo'UV to orevo CPLALXO oWf.A.O twv :TtAOUaLWv 'Of.A.OYEVWV, twv KaQUtaLWtWv eow, f.A.E tOUc; OLaxExQLf.A.EVOUC;· o.vBQw:TtouC; twv YQaf.A.f.A.atwv, O:TtWe; f.A.E tOV K. 'Aoromo. 'Ano tn aXEan roix amn EvLOXUEtaL to Ef.A.:TtQaxtO evoLacpEQov YLo. tnV :TtaLoEta, rooo twv '0f.A.0YEVWV tiie; TEQYEa'tl]e;, oao xat tWV U:TtOOOUAWV auf.A.:TtatQLwtwv tiiC; YEVEtELQae; tou ~nf.A.ntQLou Kupuroubtn (xat twv aAAWV f.A.EAWV tiie; otxoYEvEtac;), 6 6:TtOLOe; 8EAEL tn 1:xoAil tOU orov & Ayw 'Icxivvn xato. to :TtQ6tu:Tt0 tiiC; 1:xoA'iie; tiiC; Koworntnc twv 'EAAilVWV 'OQ80M;wv tiiC; TEQyEa'tl]C;.

3. 'R LOL6XELQn ematOAn tou ~nf.A.ntQLou EtVaL e;aLQEtLXo. ouocvcvvo» orn, uvoQ86YQacpn, :TtOAV cl:TtAlJ, liwe; xat cl:TtAO'CXlJ, vonurmx« xat excpQaatLxa. XQTlaLf.A.O:TtOLEL xat EAAnVO:TtOLTlf.A.EVEC; ttaALxEC; AE;ELC;, xaL, uacpaAwc;, 1..6- yw tiiC; YAwoaLxfiC; tOU uvmaQxELae; ore 'EAATlVLXa, O:TtWC;: «v« :TtEVoaQOf.A.E» (= va OXEcptOUf.A.E), «uQl1f3aQnaEV» (= ecptaOE), «xovcevncpnornxev» (= owQLa'tl]XE), «xEcpaAi]v f.A.at6Qa» (= xEcpaAL OOQLf.A.O) x.a. <l>aLVEtaL :TtWC; to. 'EAAnVLxa tOU :TtEQLOQL~Ovtav aE ooc 8uf.A.6tav <l:rtO to. :TtaLOLXa tOU XQ6vLa orov 'Avurvvn. Kat UXQLf3we; xat autn n UOtEQTlalJ rou or« &EAAnVLXo. rov m8noe OtO va emf.A.EVTl atn oLoaaxaALa roue; f.A.aALOta xat twv 'AQxaLWV 'EAAnVLXWV, <l:rtO lxavovc; OLOaaxaAouc;. &000 YLo. tnv tOL6XELQn, bti,onc;, ematoAi] ron IIQoxO:TtLOU, Mv EtVaL xat autn rooo Euavayvwatn, f.A.E ucpOC; xa:TtWe; 1..6- yLO xat Xa:TtOLa oQ80YQacpLXo. ocpaAf.A.ata, O:TtWC; xat otnv xtntOQLxn emYQacpn tiie; LXOAiiC; orov ~ Ayw 'Icxrvvn, :TtOV OLXaLOAOYOUVtaL Myw twv rore MoxOAwv 0'UV8nxwv YLo. YAWaaLXn :TtaLoEta.

BIBAIOrPA4>IA

'AQ(3avt'taxl1 r. 'A., 'R LxoAn lOii 'AY(Oll 'Ioxrvvou, Ecp/oa «IIQwLa», cp. 12207/31-5-1937.

, A Q(3a v L rn 'I wa VVl1 M., 'QOiJ orou; KaQlltOLUltE~, oro: Ko u OXOllVo. ' I. - Xn o c n o v ruvvn Kup , - Kaxa(3oUALa I., ellQto.tL~ rn, ~IoQllr.ta A. ZccptLQl1, 1981.

'AQ(3aVLtl1 I. M., 'Arto tL~ :n:l1YE~ toii Aaoii r.ta~, t. A', 'A8ilVa 1985.

BaYEVo. eavoll, 'Iwavvl1~ Mar.taxl1~, IItAo:n:oVVl1OLaxn 'Eottc, ttiiX. 2, NoEf1I3QLO~ 1955.

Bay E V 0. e a v 0 II , IIaAaLoL ellQtatE~ oLOCtoxaAOL, ellQtatLXat El.x6vt~, ttiiX. 1, 1957.

BaYEva. eavoll, 'E8vLXOt ayci)vE~ tci)v 'EAAllVWV, 1957.

rLOtOaALtl1 MLX., 'OALya mQt tn~ Xata tn~ KllVOllQLa~ xat' 'IoUALov 1826 EJtLoQOr.tn~ 'Ir.tJtQai]r.t, ~tAtLOV 'IotoQLxn~ xat 'E8vOAOYLxn~ 'EtmQELa~ tn~ 'EnaOO~, 7, 1918.

389

[Q L t o o Jt 0 V A 0 'U T U a 0 'U, 'R xata K 'UVO'UQLav Movn IIaAaLoJtavaYLa~, 1tEQ. E)wAOYLa, t. KB' , 1951.

EvaYYEA.LOll TQ., 'HJtaLoda bd TO'UQxoxQatLa~, t. A', 1936.

ZaQ~avo'U MLX. K., 'IOtaQLoYQacpLxi] JtEQLYQacpi] tii~ btaQxLa~ K'UVo'UQLa~ xai oLacpoQa LOtoQLoLa, EV Krovorcvnvounoxec, 1881.

K a A A 0 V r o n K a A., 'R EXJtaLoE'UOL~ EV K 'UVo'UQLa xata tOV IE)' alwva, JtEQ. K 'UvO'UQLaxu, 1930.

Kov Sc xn 'Avuvvo o m , 'Aaouvnuoveuuctn Kovonxn, KovMxll~, ~EXeEOL~ K'UvO'UQLaxii~ 'EmeEwQnoEw~, 1938.

K ro tOw v n K co v . A., '0 'If,LJtQai]f,L ornv IIEAOJt6vvllOO, 'EmOtllf,LovLxi] BL~ALOenxll tii~ 'EtaLQEla~ IIEAoJtoVVnOLaxwv ~Jto'Uowv, r. 8, 1999.

K 0 'U x o 'U I.E cI> a LOW vc , Ta ~xoAELa tii~ K 'Uvo'UQLa~, xata to JtQwtov nf,LLO'U tOU IE)' atwvo~, 1tEQ. 'Aellva, t. AB', 1927.

KO'UAOVQll XQLOtLVa, 'R BL~ALOenxn tii~ ~xoAii~ KaQ'UtOLwtn orov "AyLO 'Iui- , nvvn K'UVo'UQLa~, "IOQ'Uf,La A. ZacpELQll, 1991.

K 0 'U 0 X 0 'U va' 1. ' A ., To ~ Aoroo; XEVtQO JtvE'Uf,LatLxii~ xLvnoEw~, oro: K O'Ucxo uvn '1. - Xc o c n ovrc vvn K'UQ. B., - Kaxa~ovALa 1. [., E)'UQEatL~ [ii, "IOQ'Uf,La A. ZaepdQll, 1981.

Ko ut t Sn ~tavQo'U 'Ae., IIEQL rnv oLa8nxnv toli ~llf,LlltQtO'U KaQ'UtOLwta'U, tEliX. B' tWV E)'UQEatLXWV Elxovcov, 'A8iivaL 1958.

PWf,LaLo'U Kuiv. 'A., MLxQa f,LEAEttlf,Lata, E)ea/xll 1955.

cI>Aovoa NLX. '1., ~LaxOOLEtllQi~ ~xoA.ii~ 'AYLO'U 'Iwuwo'U ~AotQo'U~ K'UVo'UQLa~,

'A8iivaL 1965.

cI> A 0 vo a N LX. '1., E)'UQEatLXU, t6f,L. B' , ~ Aoroo; 1982.

cI> A 0 vo a N LX. '1., E)'UQEatLXU, rou, I" , "AYLO~ 'IwuWl]~, 1983.

cI>OQ0JtOVAO'U 'IwaxeLf,L, 'Avcouotuou; tii~ EV tfi XWQ<;l'AYLlp 'IwavVf] toli Na'UJtALO'U ~xoAii~, 'ExXAllOLaOtLxi] 'AAn8ELa, 20, 1900.

X a Q a A a f,L Jt 0 Jt 0 v A 0 'U ' A v a 0 t . , 'R ~'UVEAE'UOL~ tali ~ AOtQo'U~ xaL n ~ nuootc 'ExJtaL<">E'UoL~, Ecp/oa 'AQxaOLxu, EtO~ I'", cpo 27, 15-3-1958.

X a 0 a rr 0 Y L a v v n K'U Q . B . , 'R 'IotOQLa tWV KaQ'UtOLwtWV xai n d~ E)'UQEav JtaLoda, oro: Ko uo xo uvc '1. - Xuo c n ov rc vvn K'UQ. B., - Kc xn~ 0 v A La 1. r., E)'UQEatL~ rn, "IOQ'Uf,La A. ZacpeLQll, 1981.

LMAPA[~R I. APBANITH

SUMMARY

Smaragdi Arvaniti, Ketitsiotis' Schools in Saint John and Astros in the pre-revolutionary period and until the liberation of Greece

The town of Saint John is situated at a distance of 18 kilometer's from the modem city of Astros, in the area known as Thirea C0ugEa) in ancient times, on the north slope of mountain Pamonas and on an altitude of 750 m. It was the center of the so-called area of Thirea, during the 18th and 19th century. Saint

390

~~agay6Tl I. 'Agf3avltTl

John and Astros are basically known by the significant role they played during the pre-revolutionary period and during the Greek Revolution of 1821.

Dimitrios Karitsiotis was born in Saint John in 1741. At the age of 15 he left for Smyrna and in 1772 he reached the Austrian city of Trieste. A hard working, successful merchant, he became an important figure in Trieste's social and political life. Being a prominent member of the Greek Orthodox Community in the same city, he was elected member of its local Parliament. He also supported financially the foundation in Trieste, of a School for children of Greek origin.

Nevertheless, he did not forget his birthplace. The ideas of the Age of Lighs, combined with those of Greek personalities, such as Kosmas Aitolos, Rigas Feraios and Adamantios Korais led him to the belief that Europeanoriented education would give his fellow-countrymen the courage and potential to overthrow - Turkish domination. In 1798, he established and financed a wellfamous School with boarding house for the students, a library anf fully equipped laboratories in his birthplace, the town of Saint John. He also provided for salaries (teachers and doctor) and full accommodation both of teachers and students. In 1805, a second School -this time in Astros- was founded on the same lines, and again financially supported by Karitsiotis.

In these Schools, students were given both a theoretical background, with lessons on classical and humanistic sciences, and a practical orientation, since the founder wanted them to be well prepared for their professional future. Among other taught subjects, we find ancient Greek language and civilization, Greek - orthodox religion, chemistry, physics, Italian and French.

The invading army of Ibrahim set fire to both Schools in 1826. The Saint John's School was burnt to the ground. Only the dedicatory inscription remains today to inform us of the donor, the foundation date and the purpose of the School, recalling its great significance during a difficult period of Greek history. 474 books have survived the fire and can be consulted in the Cultural Center of Astros.

Astros' School was renovated and used until 1971 as public school.

Today, the building houses the Archaeological Museum of Astros; it only seems fit that it should bear the name of its founder: Karitsiotis' Archaeological Museum.

The statue of the great donor Dimitrios Karitsiotis was placed initially in the central square of Astros and today stands in the new square of the town, near the School he founded.

OL LXOAE<; tou ~nl-tntQLo1J KUQ1Jtmciltn

391

Elx, 1. 'Ayulvvn<;: 'EvtOLXLOI-tEVn fJ O(J)~6I-tEVn XtntOQLXn :7tMxu tfi<; LXOAii<; KUQ1JtOLWtn, ern BEon Ko1JtQL

ELx. 2. 'AYLUVVn<;: 'H XtntoQLxn :7tMxu tn<; LXOAii<; KUQ1JtaLwtn

392

Ebc. 3. ~AatQo~: Tllii!la JtEQLf36A.O'U IlE tn xOLA.wllata ano tn EQlluQLa xuL tn t~UXLa twv lla8nnxwv OW!latLWV 'IOU SEvwva tii~ ~xoA.ii~ KaQ'UtOLwtn

ELx. 4. ~AatQo~: '0 XWQo~ tou KOA.OXOtQWVULLXO'U tQaJtE~LOU JtQo~ tLll" tOU ~nll. 'Y'\jJnMvtn, atL~ 20 'Io'UVLo'U 1821, a'UvEx6IlEVO~ IlE to XWQo tii~ B' 'E8voa'UVEA.EUaEW~ twv 'EA.A.i)vwv. To xtLQLOdvaL to 'AQXULOA.0YLXO Mo'UaELo ~AatQo'U~, n UA.A.OtE ~XOA."

KUQ'UtOLwtn

393

Elx. 5. 'AotQo<;: LtOV "IEQo XWQo tii<; B' 'E8voo1JVEAEUOEW<; - UVol-tV'YlotLX'n nMxo

Elx, 6. 'AOtQo<;: LxoAi] KOQ1JtOLci:rrn, uno to 1971 'AQXmoAoYLXO M01JOELO 'AOtQou<;

394

ELx. 7. 'H JtQoOwJ"wYQaqJLa tOU ~Tl!J.TltQLOU KaQut<JLwtT] !J.E tliv tOL6XELQTl (xvaYQaqn'j OtOLXEtwv t'ii~ ~LaenXTl~ tOU (qJWt/qJLa: XQLatLva~ KOUA.o1JQTl, «'H BL~A.LOenXTl t'ii~ ~xoA.ii~ KaQutOLwtT] orov ~ AYLO 'kocvvn K1JVOuQLa~», o. 10)