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INTRODUCTION TROPHOBLAST
• Chorionic plate and decidua forms PLACENTA. • Increase no. of secondary and tertiary villi which
• With the growth of the embryo to meet the are continuous with extra
extra-embryonic
embryonic vascular
system.
increasing demand of nutrients there is increase
in the surface area and change in disposition • Recall the layers of villi.
of membrane. • 4th month –
– extension into IV space.
– cytotrophoblast disappears
– syncytium thins out, break off in IVS
– syncytial knot enters maternal blood
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PLACENTA AND UMBILICAL CORD 3/20/2011
CHORION FRUNDOSUM
• Villi over the embryonic pole grow and form
CHORION FRUNDOSUM.
FRUNDOSUM
• Villi over the abembryonic pole degenerate. This
side of chorion is called CHORION LAEVE.
DECIDUA
THE FUNCTIONAL LAYER OF ENDOMETRIUM
• Basalis
– over chorion frundosum
– compact cells ↑ lipid/glycogen
– DB + CF form placcenta
• Capsularis
– over abembryonic pole
– stretched and degenerate.
• Chorion laeve contacts with decidua paritalis
obliterating uterine lumen.
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PLACENTA AND UMBILICAL CORD 3/20/2011
STRUCTURE OF PLACENTA
• Two components.
• Fetal chorion frundosum. Chorionic plate
• Maternal decidua basalis. Decidual plate
• Junctional region
– trophoblast and decidua intermingled
– decidual and syncytial giant cells
– amorphous extracellular materials.
IV space lined with syncytial layer, filled with maternal blood and villi
are grow into it.
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PLACENTA AND UMBILICAL CORD 3/20/2011
PLACENTAL CIRCULATION
• 80 -100 narrow spiral arteries enter IVspace.
• IV space 150 mll bl
blood,
d 3 – 4 cycle/min
l / i
• Surface area of chorionic villi 4-14 sq m.
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PLACENTA AND UMBILICAL CORD 3/20/2011
UMBILICAL CORD
• Primitive umbilical ring is formed by
aminoectodermal
i t d l jjunction.
ti
• At 5th week this ring contains
• CONNECTING STALK allantois and umbilical vessels
• YOLK SAC DUCT its vessels
• CANAL COMMUNICATING INTRA / EXTRA embryonic cavities
• Enlargement
E l t off amniotic
i ti cavity.
it Amnion
A i
envelopes the stalks. Thus primitive umbilical
cord develops.
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PLACENTA AND UMBILICAL CORD 3/20/2011
AMNIOTIC FLUID
• <400ml OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS ? Renal agenesis
– club
l b ffoott / lung
l hypoplasia
h l i
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