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ABSTRACT

Linear induction motor produces direct linear motion; it is used in

application where linear movement is needed. The Mechanism of converting rotary
movement to linear movement has been a difficult and non efficient task. Speed
control of linear induction motor has been a tedious job since older days. In our
project we dealt with speed control of linear induction using Variable Frequency
Supply. The Variable Frequency Supply is generated by power electronics
switching devices; the switching sequences are generated using the PIC micro
controller (16F870), for achieving variable frequency supply.
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LIST OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT v
LIST OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF SYMBOLS xii
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. LINEAR INTRODUCTION MOTOR 5
2.1 HISTORY 5
2.2 INTRODUCTION 5
2.3 FORCED PRODUCED 7
2.4 LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS SPEED 7
2.5 CONSTRUCTION OF LIM 8
2.5.1 Stator winding assembly 8
2.5.2 Reaction plate 9
2.6 OPERRATION OF LIM 10
2.7 DESIGN OF LIM 12
2.8 APPLICATIONS 13

3. VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE 14

3.1 INTRODUCTION 14
3.2 VFD OPEATION 14
3.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM 15
3.3.1 Rectifier block 15
3.3.2 Dc bus 16
3.3.3 Inverter 16
3.3.4 Pulse triggering circuit 16
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3.4 ADVANTAGES OF VFD 17

3.4.1 Low inrush motor starting 17
3.4.2 Vfd as starters 17
3.4.3 Easy installation 17
3.4.4 High power factor 18
3.5 CONCLUSION 18

4. HARDWARE DESIGN 19
4.1 CIRCUIT COMPONENTS 19
4.1.1 STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER 19
4.1.2 DIODE 20
4.1.3 FILTER 21
4.1.4 REGULATOR 21
4.1.5 MOSFET 22
4.1.6 SNUBBER CIRCUIT 23
4.1.7 OPTO-COUPLER 24
4.1.8 SK100 25
4.1.9 2N2222A 26
4.1.10 LIQUID CRYSTAL SUPPLY 27
4.1.11 PERIPHEAL INTERFACE CONTROLLER 28
4.1.11.1 Introduction 28
4.1.11.2 Pin diagram 28
4.1.11.3 The pic was developed as a 29
peripheral controller
4.1.11.4 The pic is the small compute 29
4.1.11.5 High performance enhanced pic 29
flash microcontroller
4.1.11.6 Advantage of pic microcontroller 30
4.2 CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION 31
4.2.1 RECTIFIER 31
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4.2.2 INVERTER 32
4.2.3 ISOLATION CIRCUIT 34
4.2.4 CONTROLLER CIRCUIT 36
4.2.5 USER INTERFACE 37
4.3 HARDWARE TESTING 38
4.3.1 PRELIMINARY TESTS 38
4.3.2 TESTING OF ISOLATION CIRCUIT 38
4.3.3 TESTING OF BRIDGE RECTIFIER 40
4.3.4 TESTING OF INVERTER 40

5. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION 41
5.1 DEVELOPMENT TOOLS FOR PIC 41
MICROCONTROLLER
5.1.1 CCS PIC-C COMPILER. 41
5.1.2 IC-PROG 42
5.1.3 PROGRAMMING LOGIC 42
5.1.3.1 OUTPUT SWITCHING SEQUENCE 43
5.1.3.2 FLOW CHART FOR PULSE TRIGGERING 45
5.1.4 INTERRUPTS 46

6 INTEGRATED TESTING 47
6.1 RESULT ANALYSIS 49

7 CONCLUSION 50
7.1 CONCLUSION 50
7.2 FUTURE DEVOLPMENTS 51

52
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REFERENCES 52
APPENDIX 53
APPENDIX-1 ESTIMATION OF PROJECT 53
COMPONENTS
APPENDIX-2 MICROCONTROLLER CODING 54

LIST OF TABLES

S. NO TITLE PAGE NO

1. TABLE- 2.1 APPLICATIONS OF LIM 13

2. TABLE-4.1 TRANSFORMER RATING 19
3. TABLE-4.2 TESTING OF ISOLATION CIRCUIT 39
4. TABLE-4.3 RECTIFIER OUTPUT 40
5. TABLE 4.4 INVERTER OUTPUT 40
6. TABLE 6.1 SPEED CONTROL RESULTS 49
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LIST OF FIGURES

S.NO TITLE PAGE NO

1. FIG-2.1 LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR 6

2. FIG-2.2 ARRANGEMENT OF STATOR AND 6
ROTOR
3. FIG-2.3 DIRECTING OF ACTING FORCES 7
4. FIG-2.4 STATOR WINDING ASSEMBLY 9
5. FIG-2.5 REACTION PLATE DESIGN 10
6. FIG-2.6 FLUX PATTERN 11
7. FIG-2.7 DESIGN OF LIM 12
8. FIG-3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF VFD 15
9. FIG-4.1.1 POWER DIODE P600A 20
10. FIG-4.1.2 DIODE IN 4007 20
11. FIG-4.1.3 MOSFET SYMBOL 22
12. FIG-4.1.4 MOSFET IRFP 460 23
13. FIG-4.1.5 SNUBBER CIRCUIT 24
14. FIG-4.1.6 PIN DIAGRAM OF MCT2E 25
15. FIG-4.1.7 SK 100 25
16. FIG-4.1.8 2N2222A SYMBOL 26
17. FIG-4.1.9 DIAGRAM OF 2N2222A 26
18. FIG-4.1.10 LCD 27

19. FIG-4.1.11PIN DIAGRAM OF PIC-16F870 28

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MICROCONTROLLER
20. FIG-4.2.1CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF RECTIFIER 31
21. FIG-4.2.2 PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF 31
RECTIFIER USING POWER DIODE
22. FIG-4.2.3 DISCHARGE MECHANISM OF 32
CAPACITOR
23. FIG-4.2.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF INVERTER 33

24. FIG-4.2.5 PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF 33

INVERTER
25. FIG-4.2.6 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF ISOLATION 34
CIRCUIT
26. FIG-4.2.7 PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF 34
ISOLATION CIRCUIT
27. FIG-4.2.8 PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF 35
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
28. FIG-4.2.9 CONTROLLER INTERFACE 36

29. FIG-4.2.10 PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF 36

PIC 16F870 MICROCONTROLLER
30. FIG-4.2.11 USER INTERFACE PANEL 37
31. FIG-4.3.1. ISOLATION CIRCUIT PRACTICAL 38
IMPLEMENTATION
32. FIG.4.3.2. TESTING OF ISOLATION CIRCUIT 39
33. FIG-4.3.3 GRAPH 39
34. FIG-4.3.4 TESTTING OF BRIDGE RECTIFIER 40
35. FIG-5.1 CCS PIC-C COMPILER 41
36. FIG-5.2 IC-PROG (HEX CODE PROGRAMMER) 42
37. FIG-5.3 SWITCHING SEQUENCE CIRCUIT. 43
38. FIG-5.4 WAVEFORM OF 120 DEGREE 44
CONDUCTION MODES
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39. FIG-5.5 FLOWCHART FOR PULSE TRIGGERING 45

LIST OF SYMBOLS

V - VOLTAGE
A - CURRENT
Ω - OHMS
F - FARAD
VCE - COMMON EMITTER VOLTAGE
VB - BASE EMITTER VOLTAGE
IC - COLLECTOR CURRENT
V (t) - INSTANTANEOUS VOLTAGE
Vm - PEAK VOLTAGE
VO - OUTPUT VOLTAGE
MOSFET - METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD
EFFECT TRANSISTOR

LIM - LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR

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