“BIOMETRICS”

BYVARTIKA PAUL 4IT55

BIOMETRICS
Definition “ Biometrics is the identification or verification of human identity th
rough the measurement of repeatable physiological and behavioral characteristics”
Categories of BIOMETRICS: Biometrics can be sorted into two classes:
• Physiological
Examples-face,fingerprints,hand geometry and iris Recognition,dna.
• Behavioral
Examples-signature and voice.
Basic characteristics of BIOMETRIC Technologies:
• Universality: Every person should have the characteristic. People who are mute o
r without a fingerprint will need to be accommodated in some way. • Uniqueness: Ge
nerally, no two people have identical characteristics. However, identical twins
are hard to distinguish. • Permanence: The characteristics should not vary with ti
me. A person's face, for example, may change with age. • Collectibility: The chara
cteristics must be easily collectible and measurable. • Performance: The method mu
st deliver accurate results under varied environmental circumstances. • Acceptabil
ity: The general public must accept the sample collection routines. Nonintrusive
methods are more acceptable. • Circumvention: The technology should be difficult
to deceive
Working principle :
Biometric devices consist of a reader or scanning device software that converts
the gathered information into digital form, and a database that stores the biome
tric data with comparison with existing records.
• Enrollment Mode. • Verification Mode.
Modes:
• Enrollment Mode:
A sample of the biometric trait is captured, processed by a computer, and stored
for later comparison .
• Verification Mode:
In this mode biometric system authenticates a person’s claimed identity from their
previously enrolled pattern.
Biometric Modalities:
• Fingerprint Recognition:
For fingerprint Recognition look at :
Friction ridges. Core Crossover. Delta. Island Ridge Ending. Pore.
LOOP, ARCH AND WHORL
Minutiae
• Uses ridge endings ,bifurcations on a person’s finger to plot points know as Minut
iae. • The number and locations of the minutiae vary from finger to finger in any
particular person, and from person to person for any particular finger.
Finger Image
Finger Image + Minutiae
Minutiae
Face Recognition:
It involves recognizing people by there: • Facial features. • Face geometry.
Principle: Analysis of unique shape, pattern and positioning of facial features.
Voice Recognition:
• Voice recognition is not the same as speech recognition, it is speaker recogniti
on. • Considered both physiological and behavioral. • Popular and low-cost, but less
accurate and sometimes lengthy enrollment.
Styles of spoken input:
These system have three styles of spoken inputs:
• Text Dependent. • Text prompted. • Text Independent.
Iris Recognition:
Iris: • It is the coloured area of the eye that surrounds the pupil. • It is a prote
cted internal organ whose random texture is stable throughout life. • The iris pat
terns are obtained through a video-based image acquisition system .
Iris Images:
Signature Verification:
• • Static/Off-line: the conventional way. Dynamic/On-line: using electronically
instrumented device. Principle:
The movement of the pen during the signing process rather than the static image
of the signature.Many aspects of the signature in motion can be studied, such as
pen pressure, the sound the pen makes.
Biometric devices:
• Optical fingerprint scanner:
• Personal fingerprint safes: These safes are revolutionary locking systems storag
e cases that open with just the touch of your finger.
Advantages of Biometrics:
• Biometric identification can provide extremely accurate, secured access to infor
mation; fingerprints, retinal and iris scans produce absolutely unique data sets
when done properly. • Current methods like password verification have many proble
ms (people write them down, they forget them, they make up easy-to-hack password
s) . • Automated biometric identification can be done very rapidly and uniformly,
with a minimum of training . • Your identity can be verified without resort to doc
uments that may be stolen, lost or altered.
Disadvantages of BIOMETRICS:
• The finger print of those people working in Chemical industries are often affect
ed. Therefore these companies should not use the finger print mode of authentica
tion. • It is found that with age, the voice of a person differs. Also when the pe
rson has flu or throat infection the voice changes or if there there are too muc
h noise in the environment this method maynot authenticate correctly. Therefore
this method of verification is not workable all the time • For people affected wit
h diabetes, the eyes get affected resulting in differences. • Biometrics is an exp
ensive security solution.
BIOMETRICS SECURITY:
Security personnel look for biometric data that does not change over the course
of your life; that is, they look for physical characteristics that stay constant
and that are difficult to fake or change on purpose.