PARACHUTE FABRIC

DINESH YADAV
 INTRODUCTION
• Para-chute
• Slow down movement
• High altitude , horizontal
• Weight
• Balance between gravity and air
resistance
• Flexible fabric
COMPONENTS OF A PARACHUTE
 CONTINUE

LOW SPEED HIGH SPEED

FORCE ON PAYLOAD
CONSIDERATION OF MATERIAL
 CANOPY MATERIAL
• Canvas
• Silk
• Nylon
• Polyester
• Kevlar
• Nomex
• Spectra
 CANVAS-SILK
• Thinner
• Lighter
• Stronger
• Fire-resistant
• Easily foldable
 STRESS(GRAMS/DENIER)

STRAIN %
SILK-NYLON
 NYLON
• Lightweight and very strong
• Excellent elastic recovery
• Durable
• Smooth
• Dries quickly
• Resistant to abrasion and chemicals
STRESS G/TEX
STRAIN RATE

STRAIN %
 POLYESTER
• High density
• Low elongation
• High static charge
 KEVLAR
• High strength , modulus, melting temp
• Less stretch-harder opening
• Low abrasion resistance
• Difficult to handle and cut
• Low UV resistance
 DYNEEMA & SPECTRA
• Lighter
• Creep
• Low elongation
• Low melting temp
 STRESS N/TEX

STRAIN %
 Parameter Silk Polyamide( Polyester Polypropylene
Nylon 66)

Work of rupture(j/g) 59.7 77 119 71

Breaking 23.4 46 15 17
extension(%)

Flexural rigidity 0.60 0.15–0.22 0.30 0.51

(mN mm2/tex2)

Specific 1.34 1.14 1.39 0.91

gravity(g/cm3)

Specific heat(j/gK) 1.38 1.43 1.03 0.46

Moisture Regain(%) 10 4.1 0.4 0

 NYLON
• Melting
• Coating with silicone
• Tearing strength
 FABRIC PROPERTIES

• Tearing strength
• Air permeability
 WEAVE
• Rip-stop weave
• Plain weave
• Multiple threads woven
• Box like pattern
• Small tears
 AIR PERMEABILITY
• Time of descent
• Reduced shock on opening- Highly
permeable fabric around the central canopy
vent . A strip of low porosity fabric around
the hem line
• Stable opening- Less permeable-porous
canopy
• Safe loading- Opening characteristics and on
the drag during the uniform descent
• Stable uniform descent- High permeability
 CALENDERING
• Scoured-dyed-dried
• Calendering-rolling under pressure and
heat
• Temp-150oc
• Spread out-come closer
• Determines permeability
 SUSPENSION LINES
BRAIDED NYLON CORD
LOW COST
HIGH DURABILITY
HIGH SHOCK ABSORPTION
 SEWING THREAD
• Cotton
• Nylon
• Kevlar
• Spectra
 NONWOVEN
• Bulky
• Low elastic recovery
• Bond strength between yarns
• Control on air permeability
OPENING TIME SEC ELECTROSTATIC FORCES

WIND VELOCITY MPH

Material 70 Denier, High Tenacity, Bright Nylon,
Melting Point 489°F + Or - 10°F

Weave Pattern Rip Stop 7.5 Minimum Repeats Per Inch

WEIGHT (Max.) 1.17 Osy

Thickness(max.) .0030 Inches

STRENGTH (Min.) 47 X 47 Pounds

ELONGATON (Min.) 25%

TEAR STRENGTH (Min.) 5 X 5 Pounds

Air Permeability .5-3.5 Cfm

Ph   5.5-9.0

Color Fastness Good (Regular Colors)

Heat/Light Resistance Max. 25% Change

Finish Urethane Coating

 REFERENCES
1.Science and technology by marshall cavendish corporation
2.The transition from silk to nylon for parachutes during world war second by ernest r. kaswell,
albany international research, reston, va., Textile chemist and colorist s. american dyestuff
reporter volume no 2
3.The electrostatics of parachutes , Mark N. Horenstein , Norman Roberts, Journal of
Electrostatics 34 (1995) 205-224
4.Effect of folding on the strength of kevlar29 and nylon parachute
materials ,R. H. Ericksen , Fibre Science and Technology 15 (1981) 161-172
5.United states patent, stevenson et al. ,march 5,1974
6.Air permeability of parachute cloths m.j. goglia, h.w.s. lavier and c.d. brown1955 25: 296
textile research journal
7.Aerodynamic properties of screens and fabrics s.f. hoerner 1952 22: 274 textile research
journal
8.Effect of number of filaments in yarn and cloth sett on certain fabric properties
k. balakrishna iyer , textile research journal 1965 35: 379
9.The parachute manual: a technical teartise on aerodynamic decelerate ,volume 2 by dan
poynter