QUALITY OF HIGH

PERFORMANCE PRODUCTS
 What is Quality
• Quality is a state of being free from
 Defects
 Deficiencies and
 Significant variations.
• Quality demands conformance to
end use
 Quality of high performance product
• For high performance products to be of good quality,
they:
• Should have good functional properties
• Comfortable to the wearer
• Meet technical requirements
• Free from
– Defects,
– Deficiency,
– and significant variation of the required end use.
• It must be Resistance to
– Mechanical degradation
– Wash degradation
– Wear and tear
Quality parameter of some
High Performance Products
Firefighting Textiles
 Firefighting Textiles
These products should have
high Oxygen Limiting Index
high flame resistance
Should be Soft, comfortable, and
breathable
Resistance to shrinkage due to fire
Self extinguishing properties
Ergonomically comfortable
High thermal protection
Chemical resistance textile
 Chemical resistance textile.
They should;
• Provide protection against chemical exposure
• Meet health and safety expectation of the wearer.
• Their properties should remain unchanged after
laundering
• Resistance to the combined effects of temperature
and chemical action
• Resistance to corrosive chemicals at high
temperatures
Bullet proof textile
 Bullet proof textile
• Should have high rigidity and modulus.
• The vest should absorb the energy from the
deforming bullet.
• Should have high ballistic resistance.
• It should have resistance against bladed weapons
and sharp objects.
• Able to spread bullet force over a larger portion
of the vest.
• Protect against most effects of a moderate sized
explosion.
Marine textiles
 Marine textiles
• Resistance to sunlight and UV degradation
• Abrasion resistance
• Reduced flammability
• Soil resistance and easy clean ability
• Resistant to microbes and other bacteria
• Hard, strong with high tear as well tensile
strength
• Softer handle and touch
• Very high bursting strength(sails)
• Light weight and high strength
Water repellent and water proof
fabric:
• Resist liquid water passing through it
• Should allow vapor sweat to evaporate.
• Breathable allow passage of air and moisture
for repellent textile
• It should withstand different laundering
• It should fit and should have an internal
comfort to the wearer
 How to check quality
• Quality of HPP can be checked by using
different methods.
• Each products required different quality
checking method
• Some quality testing method can be
used to check many products
• Quality checking parameter differ form
product to product.
• Quality test for the product is done on the
base of their end use.
 Testing methods
1. Ballistic testing
– Done for protective textile
– Bullet proof textile
– Done by determining the kinetic impact of
the bullet.
– Tested for bullet penetration resistance
– measured by shooting armor mounted in
front of a backing material.
– The penetration of the bullet is measured.
 Spray testing
• This test method is applicable to any textile
fabric.
• It measures the resistance of fabrics to wetting
by water.
• Used to test water repellent and water proof
fabric.
• The result is measured by resistance to water
wetting.
• Evaluation is done by comparing the wetted
pattern with pictures on a standard chart.
Spray Test
Wetting rating from spray test
• 100 - No sticking on wetting
of upper surface
• 90 - Slight random sticking or
wetting of upper surface
• 80 - Wetting of upper surface
at spray points
• 70 - Partial wetting of whole
of upper surface
• 50 - Complete wetting of
whole of upper surface
• 0 - Complete wetting of whole
upper and lower surface
 Marine textile test
1. Abrasion resistance test
– This test method is intended for evaluating the
resistance of fabrics and other flexible materials
to abrasion.
– The product is exposed to mechanical rubbing
action
– Evaluation is done based on weight loss
2. Tearing strength test
– Determine the tearing strength of the product
– Measure the force required to tear the
specimen.
– Evaluation done on the base of resistance to tear
Abrasion resistance Tearing
test
test
3. Bursting strength test
– This test measure the resistance of textile fabrics for
bursting
– Done by the hydraulic Diaphragm bursting tester
– Measure the resistance of the increasing fluid
pressure
4. Drapery fire resistance test
– Measure the resistance of textile fabrics to flame or
fire
– determines the capability of the textile to resist
burning when exposed to fire
– The material will be exposed to flame and then
measure the time in which the fabric will remain
unchanged without burning.
 Fire resistance
test
Bursting
test
TEST METHODS OF GEO-TEXTILES
 Introduction
• The performance of geotextiles can be assessed
through the design criteria and durability
• The performance can be assessed based on:
– Filtration and separation efficiency,
– Flow capacity,
– Stress–strain behaviour,
– Chemical compatibility,
– Durability and survivability
• Filtration: Can be determined by obtaining the
retention capacity of geotextile for soil particles
while maintaining the required flow
– Filter size of the largest pore in the geotextile is
smaller than the larger particle of the soil.
– The geotextile would not get clogged if the majority
of the openings in the geotextile were sufficiently
larger than the smaller particles of soil.
– A large number of openings are the pre-requisite to
maintain the proper flow through the geotextile
 Design criteria
• Retention criteria: larger particles are retained
to form a soil “bridge” resulting in the
development of a stable soil structure,
capable of preventing further migration.
– Effective pore size of the geotextile and soil
particle size
• Permeability criteria: geotextiles need to be
more permeable than the soil it is retaining
based on the assumption that the flow should
not be hindered at the soil/geotextile
interface
• Clogging criteria: Clogging is caused by the
penetration of fine particles in the geo-textile resulting
in the blocking of pores or caking up the upstream side
of the geo-textile and a progressive increase of the
water head loss in the geo-textile
• Survivability and durability criteria: None of the above
filter design criteria will be effective if the geo-textile is
damaged under construction or during installation
– Exhibit minimum index strength properties corresponding
to the severity of installation
– Geo-textile filters are exposed to sunlight and in such cases
additives such as carbon black or titanium dioxide are
recommended to provide the necessary resistance due to
UV light
 Durability of geo-textiles
• The durability of a material can be defined as
the ability of a material to remain intact and to
carry out its prescribed functions effectively
during the entire life of the project.
– Resistance exhibited by the constituent fibres to
the environmental conditions
• A geotextile should have sufficient strength and
ability to resist when stretched, ruptured,
punctured, as well as during cutting,
compression, abrasion and silting.
• It should also have
– The required filtration characteristics,
– Sufficient hydraulic resistance,
– Low clogging and moisture absorption
– Biologically and chemically stable
– Resistant to the effects of UV radiation
• The major environmental factors to be
considered are
– Temperature,
– Exposure to UV radiation, pH, humidity and
chemical conditions of the soil and the construction
materials
Textiles and The
Environment
 Textile Sources of Pollution
• The production, coloration, finishing and
distribution of fibers, yarns or fabrics are
carried out with the aid of large,
complicated, expensive machines and a
range of chemical substances.
• Effort to produce all the goods needed
leads to the dispersion of impurities into
the air, water or land, as well as to
undesirable noise levels.
 Air Pollution
• Air pollution within the textile industry affects
people, machinery and products.
• Increases incidence of health problems like TB
• Furniture, carpets, draperies and fabric
furnishings give rise to more consumer
complaints.
• The fine pores in a fabric prevent the transmission
of impurities while allowing air flow to take place.
• Filter fabrics, form a major class of technical
fabrics.
 Water Pollution

• Arises mainly from wet processing of

textiles.
• Can be controlled by modifying processes,
– by lowering the concentration of waste products in
water,
– optimizing quantities of dyes or using ecofriendly
chemicals of an nature.
– Reducing the number of steps in bleaching, and
– Recovering chemicals from waste streams reduces
both costs and pollution.
 Land Pollution

• Arises when a textile, or a substance used

during its production, is thrown away on a
landfill site.
• Fibers or chemicals can be harmful if their
decomposition under the influence of air,
water or sunlight produces a toxic agent.
 Noise pollution
• High noise levels is generated in,
– Twisting,
– Spinning and
– Weaving processes.
• It can arise from the use of vehicles or
other equipment in loading, shipping or
handling raw materials or finished goods.
• Exposure to high intensity noise leads to
deafness.
 Visual pollution
• Paper documentation and packaging, or
plastic sheets used to wrap textiles displayed
for sale, often find their way into damp
sites.
• Sometimes scattered around to offend the
viewer by ruining the pristine sight of a
peaceful nature.
 Environmental harm reduction
Ecological conservation can be done through;
1. The adoption of recycling as a means to cut down
resource depletion,
2. The use of ecologically friendly fibers
3. Reduction in the amount of pollution produced
4. Improvement in methods of removing pollution after
it has been generated.
Reading assignment
Textile Wastes disposal and sustainability issues
END