CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

IN EXPANSIVE SOIL

PRESENTED BY:
UPENDRA KUMAR MAHARANA
8TH SEM.CIVIL ENGG.
REGISTRATION NO:0521106007
COLLEGE OF ENGG.&TECH,BBSR
CONTENTS:

 Introduction
 Theory
 Precautionary Measures
 Construction Methods
 Conclusion
 EXPANSIVE SOIL:

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TECHNICALLY

….????
EXPANSIVE SOIL:
 Expansive soil is that type of soil which swells or
shrinks with the increase or decrease in the moisture
content.
 These soils are basically clayey soils containing clay
minerals.
 Many type of clay minerals are available, out of which
there are three clay minerals which is being
encountered those are
1. Kaolinite
2. ilite
3. Smectite
Out of above mentioned clay minerals smectite is most dangerous with respect to swelling and
shrinking point of view.

There are two type of smectites which causes most trouble to the residential and light commercial
structures, those are bentonite and montemorillonite.

Expansive soil are very small in size and have a large surface area to attract that attracts free water .
 HOW TO
RECOGNISE
EXPANSIVE
SOIL ????
 VARIOUS PROCESS OF IDENTIFICATION:

• APPEARANCE

• DRILLING AND LABORATORY ANALYSIS

• INSPECTION OF EXISTING STRUCTURE

APPEARANCE:

SOIL CONTAING EXPANSIVE CLAYS USUALLY

CHARACTERIZED BY SURFACE CRACKS OR A
POPCORN TEXTURE
EXPANSIVE SOIL SHOWING CRACKS

EXPANSIVE SOIL WITH POP

CORN STRUCTURE
DRILLING AND LABORATORY
ANALYSIS:

SOMETIMES EXPANSIVE SOILS ARE BURIED

UNDER A LAYER OF TOP SOIL OR DENSE
VEGETATION AND CANNOT BE IDENTIFIED ON THE
TOP SURFACE. SAMPLES ARE OBTAINED BY
DRILLING TEST HOLES AND AFTER OBTAING THE
SAMPLES THEY ARE SENT TO THE LABORATORY
TO OBTAIN THE SWELLING POTENTIAL.
SAMPLE HAVING MODERATE
SWELLING POTENTIAL

AFTER ADDING A SMALL

AMOUNT OF WATER THE
SAMPLE EXPANDED
CONSIDERABLY.

AFTER 48 HOURS SHRINKAGE

SHAPE OF SOIL.
INSPECTION OF EXISTING STRUCTURE:

TYPE OF COMMON STRUCTURE AND EFFECT OF

EXPANSIVE SOIL ON THEM.

 DRIVEWAYS, SIDE WALKS AND STREETS

 EXTERIOR WALLS
 INTERIOR WALLS, FLOORS AND CEILINGS
 DOORS AND WINDOWS
EXTERIOR WALL

 INTERIOR WALLS, FLOORS

AND CEILINGS
REMOVAL OF SOIL

PROPER DRAINAGE

PROPER WATERING

 MONITORING WATER CONSUMPTION

 EXAMINING THE FISSURES

 PLANTING TREE MEASURES

PERIMETER TRENCH SUBDRAINS

 SPECIAL TYPE FOUNDATION

OTHER TYPES OF FOUNDATION

THERE ARE TWO SPECIAL TYPE OF
FOUNDATIONS..

 SLAB ON GRADE

PIER AND BEAM FOUNDATION

CHARACTERISTICS OF SLAB ON GRADE
FOUNDATION…

 MADE UP OF R.C.C.

QUICK

INEXPENSIVE

LESS SHRINKAGE AND CRACK

THEY ARE OF TWO TYPES..

THIN STIFFENED SLABS

UNIFORMLY THICK SLAB WITH THICKENED

EDGE
COMPONENTS …….

FLOOR SLAB
GRADE BEAM
COMPONENTS….

 UNIFORMLY THICK SLAB

 GRADE BEAM
CHARACTERISTICS OF PIER AND BEAM
FOUNDATION..
 FLEXIBILITY

 EASY TO REPAIR

 SUITABLE FOR DIFFERENTIAL

SETTLEMENT
• USE OF LIME COLUMNS

• USE OF UNDER REAMED PILES

CHARACTERISTICS…….

 REDUCES THE PLASTIC INDEX

 INCREASES THE SHRINKAGE LIMIT

ADDITION OF 5% LIME INCREASE STRENGTH BY 5

TO 8 TIMES

LIMITS……

2 TO 8 PERCENT OF LIME BY WT OF SOIL

CHARACTERISTICS…….

• MOST EFFICIENT ENVIRONMENTAL AND

STRUCTURAL SOLUTION DEALING WITH
LIGHT AND MODERATE LOADS IN
EXPANSIVE SOIL.

• IT ACTS INDEPENDENT OF GROUND

MOVEMENT.
THE ABOVE
MENTIONED METHODS
AND PRECAUTIONARY
MEASURES ARE FOUND
TO BE SATISFACTORY IN
ALL PRACTICAL ASPECT
THAT TO ENCOUNTER
THE EXPANSIVE
PROBLEMS.