SULIT -1- (EAT 251)

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

Penilaian Alternatif Berterusan
Semester 2, Sidang Akademik 2020/2021

Projek Mini

EAT 235/3 – Geoenvironmental Engineering

[Kejuruteraan Geopersekitaran]

Masa: Jun 2021

Please make sure that this project instruction has FOUR (4) printed pages including this
front page before you start the project. The project contributes 100 marks.
[Sila pastikan kertas soalan ini mengandungi EMPAT (4)muka surat yang bercetak termasuk muka
hadapan sebelum anda memulakan projek ini. Markah untuk projek adalah 100 markah.]

IMPORTANT: By participating in this course, you agree to rely solely on your own work in
connection with all assessments such as tests, open book examinations, projects, quizzes, labs,
assignments (unless collaboration is permitted), etc.; acknowledge any sources used in your work;
refrain from any activity that would dishonestly or fraudulently improve your results.
[PENTING: Dengan mengambil bahagian dalam kursus ini, anda bersetuju untuk bergantung sepenuhnya
pada hasil kerja anda sendiri bagi semua penilaian seperti ujian, peperiksaan buku terbuka, projek, kuiz,
makmal, tugasan (kecuali jika kolaborasi dibenarkan), dan sebagainya; memaklumi setiap sumber rujukan
yang digunakan dalam kerja anda; tidak melakukan sebarang aktiviti penipuan atau aktiviti yang tidak
jujur bagi meningkatkan hasil kerja anda.]

SULIT
SULIT 2 (EAT 251)

Excavation of contaminated soil followed by transportation to and disposal in landfill is the most
common practice of remediating these soils. Prior to disposal, the soil may require pre-treatment
to reduce concentration below the land disposal restriction stipulated by the regulations.
However, when the contaminated soil quantity is large and the contaminated is deep, excavation
and disposal in landfills may be very expensive and impractical. The most popular soil
remediation technologies are:

• Soil vapour extraction

• Soil washing
• Stabilization/solidification
• Electrokinetic remediation
• Thermal desorption
• Vitrification
• Bioremediation
• Phytoremediation

All of these methods are based on manipulation of physical, chemical, electrical, thermal or
biological process and to extract, immobilize or detoxify the contaminants. Your team are
assigned to plan the soil remediation of a contaminated site as given in the question.

In your report, you may include;

• Chapter1 :
o Introduction on the project
o Problem statement and Objectives
o Scope
• Chapter 2:
o Technology description
o Fundamental process
• Chapter 3: System design and implementation
• Chapter 4: Economic considerations
• Chapter 5: Conclusion
• Reference list

v GROUP – 5 MEMBERS
• MIX GENDER, RACE, CGPA

v REPORT FORMAT

v TYPE USING MS WORD

v REFERENCE AND CITATION

v DUE DATE – 9 / 7 / 2021 FRIDAY

v Short video – 3mins

SULIT
SULIT 3 (EAT 251)

TOPIC 1 SOIL VAPOUR EXTRACTION

From 1970 to early 1980, a recycling center processed, stored and incinerated
chemical waste at the site. Because of improper waste management practices, the
subsurface was contaminated. The soils at the site consist of sands and silt with
CASE SCENARIO: groundwater located 6 to 8 ft below the ground surface. Soils and groundwater were
found contaminated with a wide range of volatile organic compounds. The
contaminated soil zone was approximately 12 acres with an average depth of 10 ft.
the concentration of VOCs in the soil ranged from 10 to 1000 mg/kg.
GROUP 1, 2

TOPIC 2 SOIL WASHING

A processing facility operated from January 1971 to April 1974. The waste
management practices that contributed to the contamination were surface
impoundment (lagoon) and unauthorized dumping of trash and hazardous materials.
During its operation, it is estimated that at least 15 million gallons of acids and
CASE SCENARIO: alkaline waste was processed at this site. Soil samples were collected and tested had
an acceptable level of sand content. Samples of surface soil (less than 2 ft deep),
subsurface soil (2 to 10 ft) and sediment were collected next to the lagoon, swale and
adjacent areas. Sample contained beryllium, chromium, copper, nickel and zinc.
Average soil concentrationwere measured as 660 mg/kg chromium, 860 mg/kg
copper and 330 mg/kg nickel.
GROUP 3, 4

TOPIC 3 STABILIZATION AND SOLIDIFICATION

An oil company formerly contained both chemical processing and oil reclaimation
facilities. Soils, filter cakes and oily wastes from an old storage tank were treated.
CASE SCENARIO: These waste were contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, PCBs, other organic
compounds and heavy metals. Two 10 by 20 ft areas need to be treated, one to adepth
of 18 ft and the other to the depth of 14 ft.
GROUP 5, 6

TOPIC 4 ELECTROKINETIC REMEDIATION

At a site, Supervolmansalt D (Na2HASO4.7H2O) was used to impregnate timber.

The plant was destroyed in a fire and was not rebuilt; when the property was sold, a
'statement of unpolluted soil' was needed. An investigation showed arsenic
CASE SCENARIO: contamination from improper storage or disposal was found. The contamination of
heavy clay was 2 m deep and 10m x 10m in size in one area and 1m x 10m x 5m for
a total of volume of polluted soil equal to 250 m3. Arsenic concentrations for the
entire area were 110 ppm on average.
GROUP 7, 8

SULIT
SULIT 4 (EAT 251)

TOPIC 5 THERMAL DESORPTION

A company operated a tank cleaning and waste removal business at site. Here the
company collected, stored, disposed of and transferred petroleum and industrial
waste. The site included 22 aboveground storage tanks, an asphalt-lined lagoon and
an incinerator. Between the year 1970 and 1973 about 100 000 to 200 000 gal. of
CASE SCENARIO:
liquid waste was processed. As the result of these operation, soil at this site was
contaminated with VOCs and heavy oils. The soil was contaminated with
trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene and 1-1-1-trichloroethene. Concentrations of these
contaminants were as high a 3310 mg/kg.
GROUP 9, 10

TOPIC 6 VITRIFICATION

A chemical company occupied a site from 1945 until 1979. Activities here included
mixing, manufacturing and packaging of agricultural chemicals, including pesticides,
herbacides and mercury based compound. These activities resulted in contamination
CASE SCENARIO: of the surrounding soils and sediments. 5400 tons of soil was contaminated here. The
soil was predominantly a silty clay soil. The types of contaminants included DDT
and dieldrin, mercury, lead and arsenic. The concentration of these contaminants
ranged from 2200 to 23 100 ug/kg.
GROUP 11, 12

TOPIC 7 BIOREMEDIATION

A former industrial waste facility where an estimated 70 million gal. of

petrochemical wastes was disposed In an unlined lagoon between 1966 and 1971.
CASE SCENARIO:
The primary contaminants at the site included benzo[a]pyrene, vinyl chloride and
benzene. The contaminants concentrations ranged from 400 mg/kg to 5000 mg/kg.
GROUP 13, 14

TOPIC 8 PHYTOREMEDIATION

The meltdown of Chernobyl's nuclear fission plant in April 1986 caused dispersal of
137Cs (Caesium) between Ukraine and Sweden. The highest amounts of radiation
CASE SCENARIO:
were measured in the north rgion, where fallout percolated into sandy topsoils with
rainwater.

GROUP 15

SULIT