Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Physics

8.0lX

Fall 2002

Practice Final Exam -_SOl-vT r c N 1"

Problem 1: (Experiment AM)

In experiment AM, a circular steel washer, of mass ml and moment of inertia Iw = 4.0 x 10.5 kg-m2 , is mounted on the shaft of a small motor. Assume that the moment of inertia of the motor is negligible. The washer is set into motion. When it reaches 200 rad/sec, at t = 0 the power to the motor is shut off, and the washer slows down until it reaches an angular velocity of 140 rad/sec at t = 6 sec. At that moment a second identical circular steel washer of mass m2 = ml is dropped on the first. The collision takes place over a time 0.2 sec.

a) What is the initial angular momentum of the washer at t=O?

b) What is the initial kinetic energy of the washer at t=O?

c) What is the magnitude of the frictional torque acting from t = 0 to 6 sec?

d) What is the angular velocity of both washers at t= 6.2 sec?

e) What ill the average torque which the dropped washer exerts on the spinning washer du~ the time between 6.0 sec and 6.2 sec?

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b)

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Problem 2; (Bernoulli's Principle)

A water bottle of area A = 3.8 X 10-3 m2 containing water at atmospheric pressure is sealed shut with an initial volume of air Vo = 1.5 x 1D-4 m3 and brought to the top of Mount Washington where the pressure is 0.88 atm. A hole is punched in the side of the bottle a distance ho = 10.0 em below the water level. Assume the flow is steady out of the hole, and ignore any effects due to the hole. Note that 1 atm = 1.013 x 105 N/mZ,

a} What is the magnitude of the velocity of the efflux through the hole immediately after the hole is punched?

b) Assume the air is an ideal gas, what is the air pressure in the bottle as a function of the height h of the water level above the hole?

c) What is the magnitude of the velocity of the efflux through the hole as a function of the height h of the water level above the hole?

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Problem 3: (Torque and Conservation of Angular Momentum)" A bowling ball of mass m and radius R is thrown down an alley with an initial velocity vc and no initial angular velocity. The moment of inertia of the ball about the center of mass is

1=2/5 mR2• The coefficient of friction between the ball and the alley is u.

a) What is the angular velocity of the ball when the ball just starts to roll without slipping down the alley?

b) What is the kinetic energy of the ball when the ball just starts to roll without slipping down the alley?

c) What is the change in kinetic energy ?

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cloop

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Problem 4: (Torqut and angu/Rr acc~In'lltion)

A pulley of mass m, radius R.- and moment of inertia I - 1/2 mR2 about the center of mass is hung from a ceiling with a massless string that winds around the rim of the pulley. At time t == 0 the pulley is released from rest.

(a) Draw the free body diagram on the pulley.

(b) Write down the equation describing the motion of the center of mass.

(e) Write down the rotational equation of motion.

(d) Find the direction and magnitude of the translational acceleration of the pulley. (e) How long does it take for the pulley to faU a distance L7

(0 What is the tension on the string?

T

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7

Problem 5: (Conservation of angulRr momentum)

A long stick of length L and mass m lies motionless on a frictionless surface. A putty of the same mass m moves without friction on the floor with a speed of Vo toward the stick, hits one of the ends of the stick perpendicularly and is stuck to the end.

(a) How far from the midpoint of the stick is the center of mass of the stick plus the putty at the time of the collision?

(b) What is the momentum of the stick plus putty after the collision?

(c) What is the angular velocity of the stick plus putty after the mllision?

(d) How far does the stick'scenter of mass move during one rotation of the stick?

o

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Problem 6:

A mass m1 = 1.5 kg is initially moving with a velocity Vo. It collides completely inelastically with a block of mass Ill2 =- 2.0 kg. The second block is attached to a spring with constant k:. 5.6 x IOO N/m . The block and spring lie on a frictionless

horizontal surface. The spring compresses a distance 2.0 x 10-1 m.

a) What is the velocity of the mass m1 and the block immediately after the collision?

b) What is the initial velocity of the mass ml immediately before the collision?

-c )

c) H the block were attached to a very long string and hung as a pendulum, how high would the block and mass m1 rise after the collision? Lei g = 9.S m/ $2.

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Problem 7:

A playground meny-go-round has a radius of 4.0 m and has a moment of inertia equal to 7.0 x 103 kg-m2with negligible friction about its vertical axis. Two children of mass 25 kg each were standing 3.0 m from the central axis on opposite sides from each other. The merry-go-round is initially at rest. A person on the ground applied a constant tangential force of 2.5 x l02N at the rim of the merry-go-round for 1.0 x 101 seconds.

a) What was the angular acceleration of the merry-go-round?

b) What was the angular velocity of the merry-go-round when the person stopped applying the force?

c) What average power did the person put out while pushing the merry-go-round?

d) What was the rotational kinetic energy of the merry-go-round when the person stopped applying the force?

The two children then walked inward and stop a distance of 1.0 m from the central axis of the merry-go-round.

e) What was the angular velocity ef the merry-go-round when the children reached their final position?

II

Problem 8: (Archimedes's Principle)

A cylindrical beaker of mass mj, = 1.3 kg contains 1.5 x 103 ml of water. The beaker is placed on a scale and then a rock of mass m, = 2.2 kg r suspended by a massless string, is totally immersed in the water. The water level rises by 1.5 em. The diameter of the beaker is 0.2 m.

a) What mass does the scale measure before the rock is lowered into the water?

b) What mass does the scale measure after the rock is lowered into the water?

c) What is the density of the rock?

A plastic hollow sphere of the same volume as the rock has density

p = 0.6 X 103 kg/m 3. The sphere is held just below the surface of the water by a

s

rope that is attached to the bottom of the beaker.

d) What mass does the scale now read?

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Problem 'I (Planetary Orbits)

A satellite of mass mi is in an elliptical orbit around a planet of mass m2 whose center is at F, one of the two foci of the ellipse (rn2»mt). P is the point of closest approach of the two masses and is a distance rp from the foci F. The satellite's speed at the point P is Vp. The two masses are furthest apart at the point A which is a distance rA= 5rp.

a) What is the speed of the satellite at the point A?

b) What is the energy of the satellite?

(0)

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11

, Problem u.~

A chlld's playground slide is 5.0 m in length and is at an angle of 20 x 10 1 degrees with respect to the ground. A child of mass 2.0 x 101 kg starts from rest at the top of the slide. The coefficient of sliding friction for the slide is fl. - 0.2.

a) What is the total work done by the friction force on the child?

b) What is the speed of the child at the bottom of the slide?

c) How long does the child take to slide down the ramp? Ai

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Blood flow through the vascular system of the human body is controlled by several factors. The flow is directly proportional to the pressure differential AP, -between any two points in the system .

.6P - I.

Let L - be the length of the vessel, d the diiUJleter of the vessel, and 1') the viscosity. Let v(r) denote the velocity of the fluid at a distance r from the central axis. Then the laminar-flow of a blood in a cylindrical vessel can be modelled by

d1 (AP)("'4-r1)

v(r)------ 4T)L

where r is the distance from the center of the vessel.

There is a change of velocity with respect to distance from the center across the vessel, : . A viscous force F viscous = F 9 acts on any cylindric:a1 element of blood

in the direction opposite the flow due to the slower mOviQg blood outside the element. The magnitude of the viscous force is given by

F __ A dv __ 'ft""'Jl, dv

• dr 't-" dr '

where A - 2nrL is the area of the cylindrical elemenL

Changes in the content 01 the blood can vary the viscosity. A1so the arteries tend to more closely approximate the ideal model of" cylindrical pipe. Veins are more apt to change their geometry.

a) Calculate the average velocity, va.w. through a vessel. What is the ratio between the average velocity and the velocity at the center r = O.

b) Calculate the total flow I through the vessel.

c) Calculate the force on the walls of the vessel ( at r = d/2).

d) Using your result from part _c), what is the net force on the vessel? r::' 0(.6-

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Problema: Impulse and Momenhlm

A superball of mt '" 0.08 kg, starting at rest, falls a height of 3.0 m and then collides with the ground. Assume the ball bounces up to a height of 2.0 m. Assume the collision takes place over 5 IDS.

a) What is the momentum of the ball immediately before the collision?

b) What is the momentum of the ball immediately after the collision?

c) What is the average force of the table on the ball?

d) What impulse is imparted to the ball?

e) What is the change in the kinetic energy during the collision?

f) Assume that the rubber has a specific heat capacity of .48 call g...oc , and that all the lost mechanical energy went into heat. How much did the temperature of the ball rise as a result of the collision?

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Problem 13: (Circular Dynamics and Elastic properties of materials)

A mass m = 15.0 kg is attached to the end of a steel wire with an unstretched length of So = 0.5 m. The mass is being whirled in a vertical circle with a constant angular

velocity 00. If the tension in the wire is zero at the top of the circle, calculate the elongation of the wire when the mass is at the bottom of the circle. The crosssectional area of the wire is A = 0.014 cm2. Young modulus for steel is Y = 2.0 X 1011 Pa.

t.v =- (: l: ) ~ =- ( 'U '" Is ~) \fz..:: l(, 'I ~

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=- fYlh (8 ("-/- f'c") u) 2.

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