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Laboratory Study #2
Single Phase, 1-Ф, Transformer Parameter Model
NOTE: Students must strictly follow all of the safety precautions. In case of any question or
concern, please contact LAB INSTRUCTOR or TA.
Safety:
• Arrive on time at room CPH-1333. Only call x-33815 if you have an emergency.
• Power off prior to making any wiring changes
• Pre-lab must have been submitted
• Lab safety demonstration has to be attended prior to starting your lab work
• Lab Instructor/TA must initial all connections for all parts prior to your turning the power on.
• Do not touch any wiring while the power is on.
• All lab partners must be at the workstation at all times before the power is turned on.
• Members of your group are not to disturb the other groups at the workstations. Ask the staff for
help.
• EMERGENCY: Clear all centre areas immediately. Turn the power off at your workstation
without hesitation. Stand still and quiet and ready to receive instructions.
• The phone is in the office. Dial 911 and keep the phone off the hook if you are designated to call
911. Listen to the instructions and stay at the phone.
• First Aid persons maybe asked to assist. But do not jump into action in front of the staff.
• Students must strictly follow all of the safety precautions. In case of any question or concern,
please contact LAB INSTRUCTOR or TA.
• In LS-2 you will be wiring most of the circuits yourself. You need to follow definite wiring
formats. HINT!!! Wire all current meters and cables in a loop (series) from one source terminal
around and back to the other source terminal. Now wire the voltmeters in parallel appropriately.
Parameter
Value
Hammond Model 25-F
Rated Output 1000 VA
Voltage of HV winding 208 volts
Voltage of LV winding 120 volts
Frequency 60 Hz
Type of Transformer Shell
No. of Phases 1
1
Photo #1 Equipment set up
Photo #3 Digital Multi-meter – Fluke model 8050 The resistance jack has been taped over.
2
A: Open circuit test
Preparing experiment:
1. Note that the H1 and H2 terminals for High Voltage winding and the X1 and X2 terminals for Low
Voltage winding as seen on the top of the transformer. Picture #4
2. On Figure #1 add the subscripts to all the meter labels.
3. Make connections as per the circuit diagram of Figure #1. Picture #1
4. The single phase auto-transformer (VARIAC) is shown in Picture #2. Ensure that the VARIAC
dial is set to zero before turning the power on or off.
5. The digital multi-meter shown in Picture #3 has the resistance jack covered to prevent damage do
to an incorrect connection. The voltage function, AC and 200 volt range must be selected.
Procedure: Conducting experiment
6. Turn the power off by switching the single phase circuit breaker on the power panel for the
autotransformer receptacle.
7. Make sure that the 1-Ф variable autotransformer is kept in ZERO position initially.
Electronic
Wattmeter Transformer
X1 H1
1Φ
V V V2
120 V
60 Hz
A A
1f X2 H2
Variable
Autotransformer
3
Open Circuit Test Report --Test Results:
1. Plot the input voltage, V1, versus the no load input current, Io. Use Io as the horizontal
coordinate. Include the plot in the report with full annotation. Use Excel or GNUplot.
2. Plot the core loss, Pc, versus the input voltage, V1. Use V1 as the horizontal coordinate. Include
the plot in the report with full annotation. Use Excel or GNUplot.
4. What are the power losses that occur in the open circuit test and how to reduce the losses?
6. What will happen to the transformer if double the rated voltage is applied to the winding?
7. What will happen to the transformer if double the rated voltage is applied to the winding?
Photo #4 Transformer unit under test Photo #5 Load Side Circuit Breaker Box
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B: Short circuit test
Preparing experiment:
1. On Figure #2, write in the subscripts for all the meter labels.
2. Make connections as per the circuit diagram in Figure #2. A short wire can be used for the short
circuit connection of the H1 and H2 terminals.
3. Calculate the rated value of current (I1) in the XV side and its percentage values specified in the
Table#3. The percentage of the rated I1 current values can be calculated from the nameplate
details.
Procedure -- Conducting experiment:
4. Make sure that the 1-Ф variable autotransformer (VARIAC) is kept in ZERO position initially.
Electronic
Wattmeter Transformer
X1 H1
1f
120 V
V V
60 Hz
A A
1f X2 H2
Variable
Autotransformer
2. Draw the approximate equivalent circuit of a 1-Ф transformer referred to “Low Voltage” and
indicate the model values obtained from OC test and SC test.
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3. What are the power losses that occur in the short circuit test? Do you think these losses will
change from no-load to full-load? Explain.
5. What will happen to the transformer if the rated voltage is applied to the winding during short
circuit test?
6. What will happen to the transformer, if DC voltage is applied to the primary winding? Voltage,
current and resistance should be considered and discussed.
C: Load test
Preparing experiment:
1. Use one current meter to measure I1 and another current meter to measure I2. Draw the missing
current meter on your Figure #3. The LI/TA will view this once your circuit is wired.
2. On Figure #3, write in the subscripts for all the meter labels.
3. Rload is varied by using the load bank connected in single phase. The wiring diagram for the load
bank is posted on the front of the load bank. It should already be wired for you.
4. Make connections as per the circuit diagram in Figure #3. Picture #5 shows the circuit breaker
box for the load connection.
5. Calculate the rated value of current, I1, in the “Low Voltage” side and its’ percentage values
specified in the Table #4. The percentage of the rated I1 current values can be calculated from
the nameplate details.
Procedure -- Conducting experiment:
6. The 1-Ф variable autotransformer used is shown in Picture #3.
7. Make sure that the 3-Ф variable autotransformer is kept in ZERO position initially.
6
Electronic
Wattmeter Transformer
X1 H1
1-Φ
120 V
V V2 Load
V
60 Hz
A A
X2 H2
3f
Variable
Autotransformer
1. Calculate and complete Table#5. Show sample calculations for Pout, Efficiency and % regulation.
% regulation = [V2 (no load) - V2 (load)] / V2 (load)
2. Using load current I2 as the horizontal coordinate plot the following curves on one sheet. (a) % reg.
(b) Efficiency (c) Copper loss (attach the plot to this report)
3. What are the performance parameters to judge a transformer whether it’s a good or bad?
4. Explain why the secondary terminal voltage is decreased with an increase in load current?
6. What do you understand by the term ‘Electrical Isolation’? And what is the advantage of it?
7
D: Typical use test; Full load and Percent Regulation
Preparing experiment:
1. Draw the wiring schematic to be used. Include all meters as noted below.
2. Use one current meter to measure I1 and another current meter to measure I2.
3. Use one multi-meter to measure V1 and another to measure V2.
4. Use two watt-meters.
5. The 1-Ф autotransformer (VARIAC) will be used to keep the output voltage at 208 volts.
6. The load bank settings will be changed to increase the load until the output voltage is at 208
volts. The rated load should be calculated (1000 VA/200 V =) and noted in Table #6.
7. The LI/TA will view this once your circuit is wired.
8. Note the I1, I2, V1, andV2 in Table #6. Also note V2
9. To find the regulation percentage one has to now take off the load by switching off the load side
circuit breaker. Note the no load voltage in Table #7.
10. Calculate the power P = Volts x Ampere for the input and the output. Use Table #6.
11. Remove the connections. And tidy up the workstation. Sign out with the Lab Instructor.
1. Review the results with the rest of the experimental results, compare and comment.
2. Calculate the percentage regulation and comment (note table #5 results also).
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Table#2 Open circuit test
V2 (V)
Pc (W)
V/I
range
I1 (A) -- (Measured)
V1 (V)
Pshort circuit (W)
V/I range
Table#4 Load test R load is varied by using the load bank connected in single phase.
% of rated I2
0 25 40 65 85 100 110
LI/TA
I2 (A) Initial
(Calculated) *
I2 (A) (Measured)
H1-H2
I1 (A)
X1-X2
V1 (V)
V2 (V)
Pin (W)
V/I range
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ECE 261 Laboratory Study #2
Single PhaseTransformer Parameter Model
LI or TA Info INITIALS
When finished. DATE
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