‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻰ‬

(1)

A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs: A Reference

Guide To More Than 700 Topics Discussed By The
Early Church Fathers, David W. Bercot ed.
‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻰ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 700‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻧﺎﻗﺸﻪ ﺁﺑـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ‪ .‬ﺑﲑﻛﻮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﻴﻨﺪﺭﻳﻜﺴﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭ‪1998 :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ‪) $17 :‬ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺩﻭﻻﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻯ ﻣﺎﺋـﺔ ﺟﻨﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻯ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﺄﻟﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺩﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﲑﻛﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫـﻮ‬

‫ﻗﺲ ﺇﳒﻠﻴﻜﺎﱏ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑـﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻮﺗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺻﺪﺭ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﰱ ﻋـﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ .1998‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﳚﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻤﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﻐﻮﺹ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻵﺑـﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﰎ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﰱ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻭ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﲝﺜﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﹰﺎ ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺤﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻀﻌﻬﻢ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴـﺐ‬
‫ﺃﲜﺪﻯ ﻭ ﻳﻀﻊ ﰱ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻟـﱴ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﰱ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺇﻗﺘﺒﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺁﺑﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺁﺑﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﻮﺙ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪) Trinity‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﻮﺙ(‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﻋﺎﺩ ﹰﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺟـﺰﺀ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﱃ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻳﺼﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﲔ ﻭ ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻌـﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﻵﺑـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺍﻓﻌﲔ ﻭ ﻻﻫﻮﺗﻴﲔ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺃﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺜﲑﻳﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﳘﺎ ﰱ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺷـﻴﺌَﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪﹰﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﳓﻮ ‪ 700‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻻﻫﻮﺗﻰ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻻﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺛﻮﺫﻛﺴﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻭﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﳍﺮﺍﻃﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﰱ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺇﻗﺘﺒﺲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗـﺐ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸـﺮﺡ ﺣﻴـﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ‬
‫ﻻﻫﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻓﻜﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺰ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻏﲑ ﳐﻞ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﺭﻯﺀ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺩﻯ ﻏـﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻭ ﻻﻫﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺛﻮﺫﻛﺴﻴﹰﺎ ﺻﻤﻴﻤﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﰱ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺣﻴـﺎﺓ ﺃﻯ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻳﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ‪ 706‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻟـ ‪ 700‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻻﻫـﻮﺗﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺼﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺒﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺇﻗﺘﺒﺎﺳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻭ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻏﲎ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺋﻰ ﰱ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺦ ﺍﻷﺭﻭﺍﺡ!‬

‫ﻭ ﻟﻌﻞ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ ﰱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻪ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺋﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴـﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺛﻮﺫﻛﺴـﻴﺔ ﰱ ﻻﻫـﻮﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﻮﺙ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺒﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺋﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺼـﺮﳛﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﰱ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﻼﻫﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﻳﺴﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺍ‪‬ﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺑـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻨﺬ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺃﻏﻨﺎﻃﻴﻮﺱ ﺍﻷﻧﻄﺎﻛﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﰱ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﻯ ﺗﺼﺮﳛﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺸـﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻯ‬
‫ﺷﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺋﻰ ﺑﻼﻫﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻳ‪‬ﺜﺎﺭ ﰱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﻗـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﻻﻫﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﺇﺑﺘﺪﻋﻪ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﺳﻴﻮﺱ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻻﻫﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ‬
‫ﰱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻣﺎﺭﺟﺮﺟﺲ ﺑﺴﺒﻮﺭﺗﻨﺢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ "ﺁﺑﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﻴﻘﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﳎﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﻨﺪﺭﻳﻜﺴﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﰱ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ .1994‬ﻓﺒﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻳﻀﻊ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱃ ‪ .ANF 2:180‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲎ "ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺁﺑﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﻴﻘﻴﺔ – ‪ ،"Ante-Nicene Fathers‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ .180‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻭ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻟﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﱴ ﳝﻜـﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠـﻬﺎ ﰱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ‪":American Vision‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﻣـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﲤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﳑﺘﺎﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻴﺔ! ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ"‪.1‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻧﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺭﻯﺀ ﻋﺎﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﺅﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻣﺎﺯﻭﻥ ﰱ ﻫـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ‪:‬‬

‫‪http://www.amazon.com/Dictionary-Early-Christian-‬‬
‫‪Beliefs/dp/1565633571/ref=cm_cr_pr_product_top‬‬

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