Question: 1

∞
π
For x=¿ , the sum of the series ∑ ( cos x )2n = cos 2 x + cos 4 x +…… is,
6 1

Options
a) π
b) 3
c)
d) 1

Solution

Concept:
A geometric progression (G.P) is a sequence of numbers such that the
quotient of any two successive members of the sequence is a constant called the
common ratio of the sequence.

Given data:
π
x=¿
6
Things to derive:

∞
Find the sum of the series, ∑ ( cos x )2n
= cos 2 x + cos 4 x +……
1

Formula used:

The nth term of a geometric progression (G.P) is given by:

a1 (1−r n)
Sn ¿ where, ( r ≠1 )
1−r

Solution Steps:

2 π 4 π π
Sum of the series, S=¿ cos + cos + cos 6 ……
6 6 6

3 9 27
= +¿ + + … ∞ (Infinite G.P)
4 16 64

3/4
= 3
1−
4
 ¿3

∴ Sum of the series, S=3.

Correct Answer Option b: Sum of the series = 3

Question: 2

The Carnot cycle refrigerator operates between 250 K and300 K . Its coefficient of
performance is,

Options
a) 6.0
b) 5.0
c) 1.2
d) 0.8

Solution

Concept:

The coefficient of performance of a Carnot Refrigeration Cycle depends only on

the temperatures of the reservoirs with which it interacts.

Given data:
T 1= 300 K

T 2 = 250 K

Things to derive:

Find the Coefficient of performance

Formula used:
T2
Coefficient of performance (C.O.P) =
T 1−T 2
Solution Steps:

T2
Coefficient of performance (C.O.P) =
T 1−T 2

250
=
300−250

Coefficient of performance (C.O.P) = 5

Correct Answer Option b: Coefficient of performance = 5

Question: 3

For the function ϕ=a x 2 y − y 3 to represent the velocity potential of an ideal fluid ∇2 ϕ
should be equal to zero. In that case the value of ‘a ’ has to be,

Options
a) -1
b) 1
c) -3
d) 3

Solution

Concept:

A velocity potential is a scalar function whose gradient is equal to the velocity of the
fluid at that point. If a fluid is incompressible and has zero viscosity (an ideal fluid) its
velocity as a function of position can always be described by a velocity potential.

Given data:
The function, ϕ=a x 2 y − y 3
Velocity potential of an ideal liquid, ∇ 2 ϕ=0
Things to derive:

Find the value of ‘a ’.

Formula used:

Differentiation of x , x n=n x n−1

Solution Steps:

Function, ϕ=a x 2 y − y 3 ------------------- (1)

Differentiating equation (1) with respect to ‘ y ' gives,

 ∂ϕ
=❑❑ ❑❑<step missing>
∂y

Further differentiation of equation (1) with respect to ‘ y ' gives,

∂2 ϕ
=−6 y
∂ y2

Now, Differentiating equation (1) with respect to ‘ x ' gives,

∂ϕ
=¿ 2 xy
∂x

Further differentiation of equation (1) with respect to ‘ y ' gives,

∂2 ϕ
=¿ 2 ay
∂ x2

As Velocity potential of an ideal liquid, ∇ 2 ϕ=0 ,

∂2 ϕ ∂2 ϕ
We have, + =0
∂ x2 ∂ y2

2 ay−6 y =0

a=3

'
Value of ‘a =3

Correct Answer Option d: Value of a=3

Question: 4
2
x
dϕ
If ϕ ( x )=∫ √ t dt , calculate
0
dx

Options
2
a) 2 x
b)√ x
c) 0
d) 1

Solution

Concept:
If t is a continuous real-valued function defined on a closed interval[ 0 , x 2 ]. Based
dϕ
on this concept we are asked to find the .
dx

Given data:
2
x
ϕ ( x )=∫ √ t dt
0

Things to derive:
dϕ
Find
dx
Formula used:

n+1
t
∫ t n dt = n+1
Solution Steps:
2
x
ϕ ( x )=∫ √ t dt
0
 2
3 x
2 2

2
= ( )
3
t
0
Substituting x value in t, we get

2 3
ϕ ( x )=¿ ( x 2 2
)
3
2 3
= 3x
dϕ 2 2
¿ ×3 x
dx 3
dϕ
¿ 2 x2
dx

dϕ
Correct Answer Option a: ¿ 2 x2
dx
Question: 5

dy
Following are the values of n function y (x ): y (−1)=5 , y (0), y (1)=8 at x=0 as per
dx
Newton’s central difference scheme is

Options
a) 0
b) 1.5
c) 2.0
d) 3.0

Solution

Concept:
If the function y(x) can be evaluated at values that lie to the left and right of x,
then the best two-point formula will involve abscissas that are chosen symmetrically on
dy
both sides of x. Based on this concept we are asked to find at x=0 as per Newton’s
dx
central difference scheme.

Given data:

y ( x ) : y (−1 )=5

y (0)=8

y (1)=8

Things to derive:

dy
Find at x=0
dx
Formula used:

y 2− y 1
Derivation of y with respect to x is, ( dydx )
at x=0
=
x 2−x 1
y 1=¿ y (−1)

y 2=¿ y (1)

x 1=¿ 1
x 2=¿ -1

Solution Steps:

Derivation of y with respect to x is,

y 2− y 1
( dydx ) at x=0
¿
x 2−x 1

y ( x 2 ) − y ( x1 )
x 2−x 1

y ( 1 )− y (−1)
¿
1−(−1)

8−5
¿
2

3
¿
2

( dydx )
at x=0
=¿1.5

Correct Answer Option b: ( dydx )

at x=0
=1.5