CHAPTER 5 : CHEMICAL BONDING 5.

1 Formation of ion o METALS : Atoms of elements in Group 1, 2 and 13 with valance electron 1, 2 and 3 will form POSOTIVE ION ( +, 2+ and 3+ ) by donating electrons to attain a stable electron arrangement. Example : Na 2.8.1 Na+ + e2.8

o NON-METALS : Atoms of elements in Group 15, 16 and 17 with valence electron 5, 6 and 7 will form NEGATIVE ION ( 3-, 2- and -) by receiving electrons to attain a stable electron arrangement. Example : O 2.6 + 2 e O2 2.8

5.2 Ionic Compound o Formed between atoms of metal and non-metal by transferring of electrons. o Way to determine the formula of an ionic compound: Example : Ion formed by : Formula of ion formed : Crossing the whole number of charges : Formula of compound:

Sodium oxide
Metal donate eNa + 2 non-metal receive eO 2 1

Na2 O

5.3 Covalent Compound o Formed between atoms of non-metal and non-metal by sharing electrons. o Way to determine the formula of a covalent compound: Example : The molecule formed between carbon and chlorine. Proton Electron number arrangement 6 2.4 17 2.8.7 C needs 4 electrons Numbers of electron needed to achieve stable electron arrangement 4 1 Cross the number of electrons each atom needs CCl4

Element (non-metal) Carbon, C Chlorine, Cl

Cl needs 1 electron