ELEMENTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE

PLANNING OF ROAD AND TRAFFIC FACILITIES

FUNCTION OF ROAD


   

TO ACCOMMODATE ALL MODES OF TRAFFIC IN A SMOOTH, EFFICIENT, ORDERLY and SAFE MANNER TO PROVIDE DIRECT ACCESS TO DIFFERENT LAND USES TO PROVIDE INTERCONNECTEDNESS BETWEEN ACTIVITIES TO ALLOW SAFE CROSSING OF PEDESTRIANS TO ACCOMMODATE STREET FURNITURES
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FACTORS CONSIDERED WHILE PLANNING ROAD NETWORK

    

DESTINATION IMPORTANCE OF ROAD NATURE OF TRAFFIC USE OF ROAD OTHERS

CROSS-SECTIONAL ELEMENTS
    

RIGHT-OF-WAY ROADWAY WIDTH CARRIAGEWAY WIDTH SHOULDER CAMBER/CROSS SLOPE

CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS
    

CUL-DE-SAC LOCAL STREET/LAND-ACCESS STREET COLLECTOR STREET ARTERIAL EXPRESSWAY

MOVEMENT AND ACCESS FUNCTIONS OF ROADWAY CLASSES



ROADWAY CLASSES


CUL-DE-SAC EXPRESSWAY THROUGH TRAFFIC, LOCAL TRAFFIC UNRESTRICTED ACCESS, COMPLETE RESTRICTED ACCESSS
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MOVEMENT CATEGORIES


ACCESS CATEGORIES


STREET PATTERN/SYSTEM
  

MEANING PURPOSES TYPES



RECTANGULAR, CONCENTRIC, RADIAL, CURVILINEAR, LOOP

RECTANGULAR STREET SYSTEM

 

GRID-IRON PATTERN/SYSTEM USUALLY EQUAL WIDTH AND CROSS AT RIGHT ANGLES SUITABLE FOR FLAT TOPOGRAPHY

ADVANTAGES OF RECTANGULAR STREET SYSTEM



 

PROVIDES COMFORT AND CONVENIENCES DUE TO ITS REGULARITY SAME TYPE OF INTERSECTIONS ECONOMIC CONSTRUCTION OF THE AREA WASTAGE OF LAND IS MINIMIZED
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DISADVANTAGES
     

PROVIDES GREATER PAVED AREA THAN NECESSARY EXPENSIVE TYPE OF PAVING AND FACILITIES CHANCES OF ROAD ACCIDENTS ARE HIGH CONSTRAINTS IN APPLYING ON UNEVEN TOPOGRAPHY NO SHORT-CUTS CREATES MONOTONOUS ARCHITECTURAL EFFECT
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CONCENTRIC STREET SYSTEM

 

SPIDERS WEB SYSTEM RING ROADS ARE CONNECTED BY RADIAL ROADS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

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RADIAL STREET SYSTEM

 

PALM-FINGER TYPE STREET SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CONCENTRATES AT CENTRE AND RADIAL ROUTE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

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RADBURN PLAN
    

TOWN PLAN FOR RADBURN, NEW JERSEY IN 1928 PLANNED ON 5.2 SQ.KM AREA FOR A POPULATION OF 25,000 PLAN TO RESPOND GROWING USE OF AUTOMOBILES PROVISION OF COMMUNITY PARK THROUGH THE CENTRE OF SUPERBLOCK HOUSES ARE ORIENTED TO FACE GARDEN & PARK STRIPS
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RADBURN PLAN (CONTD.)



 

FOOT PATH FOR PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR TRAFFIC ARE SEPARATED ADAPTATION OF CUL-DE-SAC STREETS LAYOUT PERMITTED RESIDENTIAL STREETS USED ONLY FOR LOCAL TRAFFIC CUL-DE-SAC ARRANGEMENT REDUCED STREET AREA AND LENGTH OF UTILITY LINES BY 25%

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GENERAL PRINICIPLES FOR RESIDENTIAL STREET LAYOUT



CIRCULATION SYTEM SHOULD BE SAFE AND EFFICIENT SHOULD BE DESIGNED IN THEIR ENTIRETY RATHER THAN PIECE-MEAL SHOULD BE DESIGNED FOR LOW TRAFFIC VOLUME AND MINIMAL THROUGH TRAFFIC
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GPRSL (CONTD.)
  

SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO DISCOURAGE EXCESSIVE SPEED PEDESTRIAN-VEHICULAR CONFLICT POINTS SHOULD BE MINIMIZED SHOULD HAVE MINIMUM NO. OF INTERSECTIONS WITH PREFERNCE FOR T THAN 4-LEGS SHOULD BE RELATED TO TOPOGRAPHY

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SHARED STREET CONCEPT



CONCEPT INTEGRATING TRAFFIC AND RESIDENTIAL ACTIVITIES IN THE SAME SPACE FOR THE BENEFIT OF SOCIAL INTERACTION AND SAFETY ON THE STREETS AND PROMOTE PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT PEDESTRIAN, CHILDREN AT PLAY, BICYCLISTS, PARKED CARS AND MOVING CARS ALL SHARE THE SAME STREET SPACE

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DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF SHARED STREETS

     

THROUGH TRAFFIC IS DISCOURAGED PEDESTRIANS HAVING PRIORITY OVER THE STREET ENTRANCES ARE CLEARLY MARKED CAR SPEED ARE RESTRICTED BY PHYSICAL BARRIERS, BENDS ETC. RESIDENTS HAVE AUTOMOBILE ACCESS TO THEIR DWELLING UNITS PROVIDES EXTENSIVE LANDSCAPING AND STREET FURNITURES
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