Helical Antenna

I. Normal Mode:
The Normal Mode pattern is the multiplication of element factor and array factor.
Far-zone electrical field is:

sin
4
0
r
Se kI
j E
jkr
(10-25)

2 2
0
( / 2)
sin
4
jkr
k D I e
E
r

(10-26)
Far-zone radiation intensity is:

( )
2 2
0 0
1
( , )
2
U E E

+
(12-13)
Normalized form is reduced to:

( )
2 2
0 0 2
( , ) 2sin
n
U E E

+
(12-14)
Therefore, the normalized element factor is:

sin ) ( E

The array factor is given by (6-10c):

]
]
]
]
]
]

,
`

.
|

,
`

.
|

2
1
sin
2
sin
1
) (
N
N
AF
n
(6-10c)
where
+ cos kS
, where the phase difference 0
kL
. In the program, we
assume the phase difference is = 0. Thus the power pattern is:

2
[ ( ) ( )]
n
U E AF
The Pitch angle, Axial ratio are given by (10-24) and (10-27), respectively; The
Directivity is calculated by rad
P U D / 4
max 0

from the radiation pattern.
II. Axial Mode:
The radiation pattern is given by (10-35) to (10-35c).
The Input impedance, HPBW, FNBW, Relative phase velocity ratio and Directivity are
given by (10-30), (10-31), (10-32), (10-35b), (10-35c) and (10-33), respectively.