AI H0C DU0C CIA TP.

H0 CH NINH
TRU0NC AI H0C KH0A H0C TU NHIFN
T0N THAT THAI S0N
IY THUYFT THANC DU VA ANH XA
BA0 CIAC TR0NC CIAI TCH PHUC
IUAN VAN T0T NCHIFP CU NHAN T0AN H0C
Tp. Ho Ch Ninh - 2010
AI H0C DU0C CIA TP. H0 CH NINH
TRU0NC AI H0C KH0A H0C TU NHIFN
T0N THAT THAI S0N
IY THUYFT THANC DU VA ANH XA
BA0 CIAC TR0NC CIAI TCH PHUC
IUAN VAN T0T NCHIFP CU NHAN T0AN H0C
CHLYLN NCANH CIAI 1CH PHLC
Na so: b0 4b 0b
NCL0I HL0NC IAN KH0A H0C
PCS.TS. NCUYFN ANC THA0
Tp. Ho Ch Ninh - 2010
Ioi cam on
\in vo cung bict on cac thav
PCS.1S \o Iang 1hao, nguoi da tan tinh huong dan, truvcn dat kicn thuc
va giup do nhicu kicn thuc quv bau dc cm hoan thanh luan van nav.
Cac thav da tham gia giang dav, truvcn dat kicn thuc cac bo mon toan khac.
To.HCH, oaau ?6 //aoa 04 oam ?010
1ac gia
Ton That Thai Son
Nuc luc
Ioi noi dau 5
1 IY THUYFT THANC DU 6
1.1 Iinh nghia thang du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b
1.2 Iinh lv co ban cua lv thuvct thang du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Anh xa hao giac 11
2.1 Ham don dicp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Iinh lv co ban cua lv thuvct anh xa bao giac . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1J
Ket luan 16
Tai lieu tham khao 17
4
Ioi noi dau
Cioi thicu luan van...
Noi dung luan van bao gom 2 chuong:
Chuong 1: Lv thuvct thang du.
Chuong 2: Iinh lv co ban cua anh xa bao giac.
b
Chuong 1
IY THUYFT THANC DU
1.1 inh ngha thang du
inh ngha 1.1.1. Cia su ham f (z) chinh hinh tai dicm a hoac co bat thuong
co lap dac tnh don tri a. Cia su la duong cong dong Jordan bao dicm z = a va
duoc dinh huong nguoc chicu kim dong ho. Khi do tch phan
1
2i

f (z) dz duoc
goi la thang du cua ham f (z) doi voi dicm a va duoc kv hicu la
Res [f; a] =
1
2i

f (z) dz
.
inh ngha 1.1.2. Cia su ham f H{|z| > r} va z = la dicm bat thuong co
lap cua ham f (z). Iai luong
Res [f; ] =
1
2i

(0,R)
f (z) dz
duoc goi la thang du cua ham f tai dicm voi ban knh R du lon sao cho lan
can cua luon nam bcn trai.
b
Laao cao /c/ oa//eo da/ /cc - c/aueo oaao/ a/a/ //c/ o/ac 1rang 7
inh ly 1.1.3. C/a sa ca/ 0 < |z a| < /am f (z) cc //e b/ea d/eo daa/ daoa
f (z) =

<n<
a
n
(z a)
n
K// dc
Res [f; a] = a
1
Nea /// R < |z| <
f (z) =

<n<
a
n
z
n
///
Res [f; ] = a
1
C/aoa m/o/.
Trcoa cao/ /rco dcoa ba/ /u 0 <
1
|z a|
2
< c/ac/ /c/ /a dea oeo cc
//e //c/ o/ao /aoa sc /aoa c/ac/ //ec daaoa /rco (r) = {|z a| = r;
1
r
2
}
. Ke/ aaa caa o/eo //o/ //c/ o/ao dc c/c /a
1
2i

(r)
f (z) dz = a
1
\/ c/ac/ da c/c /c/ /a dea /reo daaoa /rco

0,

R

|z| =

R,

R > R

oeo cc //e //o/ //c/ o/ao /aoa sc /aoa c/ac/ dc //ec

0,

R

ca //a daac
1
2i

(0;R)
f (z) dz = a
1
V du 1.1.4. C/a sa
f (z) =
sin z
z
6
T/o/ Res [f; 0]
C/a/. \/ /a/ /ao cao d/em z = 0 /a cc
f (z) =
1
z
6

z
z
3
3!
+
z
5
5!
...

=
1
z
5

1
3!z
3
+
1
5!z
+ ...
oeo a
1
=
1
5!
ca Res [f; 0] =
1
5!
Ton That Thai Sn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1rang 7
1rang 8 Laao cao /c/ oa//eo
1.2 inh ly co han cua ly thuyet thang du
inh ngha 1.2.1. Cioi han cua tch phan
I () =

()
f (z) dz
khi 0 duoc goi la gia tri chnh cua tch phan I =

f (z) dz thco Cauchv va

kv hicu la
v.p

f (z) dz = lim
0

()
f (z) dz
(trong do v.p la chu cai dau ticn cua cac tu ticng Phap \alcur principal co nghia la
gia tri chnh)
inh ly 1.2.2. C/a sa D /a /ao ma caa ma/ o/aoa o/ac ca f /a /am c//o/ //o/
/rcoa D\ {a
i
},/rcoa dc a
i
/a /ao /ao o/aoa d/em ba/ //aaoa cc /ao caa /am
f (z). C/a sa /a b/eo cc /aaoa caa m/eo B D ca a/a ///e/ raoa //coa d/
aaa mc/ d/em ba/ //aaoa oac caa f. K// dc
1. Sc d/em ba/ //aaoa caa f a /rcoa B /a /aa /ao.
?. Ham f (z) //ca mao /e //ac

f (z) dz = 2i

a
i
B
Res [f; a
i
]
/rcoa dc /coa a ce o/a/ daac /au //ec mc/ d/em ba/ //aaoa caa /am f (z)
oam /rcoa B.
C/aoa m/o/.
1. /ea //aoa d/o/ //a o/a/ caa d/o/ /u /cao /cao //eo o//eo.
?. e c/aoa m/o/ d/ea //aoa d/o/ //a /a/ /a cao o/ao b/e/ /a/ /raaoa /ao
Ton That Thai Sn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1rang 8
Laao cao /c/ oa//eo da/ /cc - c/aueo oaao/ a/a/ //c/ o/ac 1rang 9
Traaoa /ao //a o/a/. /em / B. \/ d/em //coa //acc B oeo
B /a m/eo caa C. C/a sa S
i
/a o/aoa //o/ /rco dcoa ca/ /am oam /a/
mc/ d/em ba/ //aaoa a
i

0
B
.S
i
= {|z a
i
| r
i
, r
i
> 0}. Ta a/a ///e/
raoa r
i
daac c/co da be de S
i

0
B
, i ca S
i
S
j
= , i = j
C/a sa
i
/a b/eo caa //o/ /rco S
i
/aaoa aoa c/au //ec /aaoa daaoa.
Ta /u //ea
B = B\

i
0
S
i

/rcoa dc
0
S
i
/a o/ao /rcoa caa S
i
. H/eo o//eo B caoa /a mc/ m/eo.
8/eo B c//o/ /a //ea a/aa b/eo cc /aaoa caa B ca cac daaoa
/rco
i
. \/ f H (B) oeo

f (z) dz =

i
f (z) dz
N/aoa ma/ //ac, /a /a/ cc

i
f (z) dz = 2iRes [f; a
i
]
Ha/ daoa //ac /reo c/c /a d/ea o/a/ c/aoa m/o/.
/em B. C/a sa U (, r) =

z C : |z| r

/a /ao cao d/em

ma /a/ dc /am f (z) ca a/a sa U (, r) =
Ta /u //ea

B (r) = B\ {|z| > r}

8/eo cc /aaoa caa

B (r) /a /coa b/eo cc /aaoa caa B ca daaoa /rco
{|z| = r} c/au //ec /aaoa daaoa.
\/ m/eo

B (r) //coa c/aa d/em oeo /a /raaoa /ao 1 /a sau ra

f (z) dz +

{|z|=r}
f (z) dz = 2i

i
Res [f; a
i
]
/rcoa dc /coa a ce o/a/ daac /au //ec mc/ d/em ba/ //aaoa a
i
caa f
oam /rcoa m/eo B /ra ra d/em . N/aoa //ec d/o/ oa//a, /a /a/ cc

f (z) dz = 2iRes [f; ]

Ton That Thai Sn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1rang 9
1rang 10 Laao cao /c/ oa//eo
ca /a dc /a sau ra raoa

f (z) dz = 2i

i
Res [f; a
i
] + Res [f; ]

au /a d/ea o/a/ c/aoa m/o/!

Ton That Thai Sn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1rang 10
Chuong 2
Anh xa hao giac
2.1 Ham don diep
inh ngha 2.1.1. Ham F (z) duoc goi la don dicp tai dicm z
0
ncu ham do don
dicp trong lan can nao do cua dicm z
0
.
Hicn nhicn, ham don dicp trong micn thi don dicp tai moi dicm cua micn av. Iicu
khang dinh nguoc lai noi chung la khong dung. 1hat vav, ham f (z) = e
z
don dicp
tai moi dicm z = nhung f khong don dicp trong C vi z
k
= a+2ki, k Z
ta dcu co f (z
k
) = e
a
inh ly 2.1.2. Ham f (z) c//o/ //o/ /rcoa m/eo D Z /a dao d/eo /a/ d/em
z
0
D /// ca c// /// f

(z
0
) = 0.
C/aoa m/o/.
1. C/a sa f dao d/eo /a/ d/em z
0
. Ta cao c/aoa m/o/ f

(z
0
) = 0.
Ta a/a sa oaaac /a/.
f

(z
0
) = ... = f
(p1)
(z
0
) = 0; f
(p)
(z
0
) = 0, p 2
8aoa cac/ ao daoa o/aaoa o/ao /u /aao o/a /rcoa c/aoa m/o/ bac /cao
/ao ma /a se c/co //o/ /rco U (z
0
, r) = {|z z
0
| r} D sac c/c /rcoa
11
1rang 12 Laao cao /c/ oa//eo
dc //coa cc w
0
- d/em caa /am f caoa o/a //coa cc cac //coa - d/em
caa dac /am oaca/ /am z
0
caa oc ca /a cc
p =
1
2i

U
f

() d
f () w
0
, w
0
= f (z
0
)
Ta d/o/ oa//a c// sc mc/ d/em dc/ ca/ daaoa ccoa /a //au raoa /rcoa /raaoa
/ao oau J (w, U) baoa p ca/ mc/ w da aao w
0
. /ea dc c/aoa /c raoa
/rcoa //o/ /rco U (z
0
, r) /am f o/ao a/a /r/ w
1
, |w
1
w
0
| < , deo p /ao.
\/ f (z) = 0 /a/ mc/ z {S (z
0
, r) \ {z
0
}} oeo /am f se o/ao a/a /r/ w
1
ba/ /u /a/ p d/em //ac o/aa /rcoa //o/ /rco S (z
0
, r). /ea dc cc oa//a /a
f //coa dao d/eo /a/ d/em z
0
. /ea dc maa //aao ca/ a/a ///e/.
?. Naaac /a/, /a se c/aoa m/o/ raoa /co /a/ mc/ /ao cao d/em z
0
ma /a/ dc
/am dao d/eo. Ta ve/ /ao cao U (z
0
, r) = {|z z
0
| < r} caa d/emz
0
sac
c/c U (z
0
, r) D ca
a f

(z
0
) = 0 /rcoa U
h h(z) = f (z) f (z
0
) = 0, z

U (z
0
, r)\ {z
0
}

K// dc /a cc N
h
(U) = 1 c/ //coa - d/em dau o/a/ caa /am f (z) f (z
0
)
cc cao baoa 1 ca N
h
(U) = 0
C/a sa = min
zU
|f (z) f (z
0
)| ca V = {w : |w f (z
0
)| < }. C/a sa w
1
/a d/em da aao f (z
0
) sac c/c w
1
V .
Ta ve/ b/ea //ac
f (z) w
1
= (f (z) w
0
) + (w
0
w
1
) , w
0
= f (z
0
)
\/ |f (z) w
0
| > , z U ca |w
1
w
0
| < oeo
|f (z) w
1
| |f (z) w
0
| |w
1
w
0
| > 0, z U
Ta dc sau ra raoa f (z)w
1
ca f (z)w
0
//ca mao cac d/ea //eo caa d/o/
/u Rcac/e. 0c dc N
fw
1
(U) = N
fw
0
(U) = 1. N/aoa d/ea dc c/aoa /c
raoa /am f (z) w
1
c// /r/e/ //ea mc/ /ao /rcoa U. 0c dc /rcoa //o/ /rco
V /co /a/ /am dao /r/ g (z) /a /am oaaac caa /am f (z). K// dc /rcoa m/eo
U g (V ) c/aa d/em z
0
/am f (z) dao d/eo. /o/ /u daac c/aoa m/o/.
Ton That Thai Sn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1rang 12
Laao cao /c/ oa//eo da/ /cc - c/aueo oaao/ a/a/ //c/ o/ac 1rang 1J
inh ngha 2.1.3. Ham chinh hinh tai dicm z =
f (z) = a
0
+
a
1
z
+ ..., |z| > R
la don dicp tai do khi va chi khi
a
1
= Res [f; ] = 0
inh ly 2.1.4. Nea /am w = f (z) dao d/eo /rcoa D, cco F (w) dao d/eo /rcoa
D

/// /am = F (f (z)) dao d/eo /rcoa D.

C/aoa m/o/.
T/a/ cau, c/ F dao d/eo /rcoa D

oeo /a daoa //ac F (f (z

1
)) = F (f (z
2
)) sau
ra f (z
1
) = f (z
2
) ca c/ f dao d/eo /rcoa D oeo z
1
= z
2
.
2.2 inh ly co han cua ly thuyet anh xa hao giac
inh ly 2.2.1. Hc/ m/eo dao //eo D /rcoa ma/ o/aoa C ca D = C dea daoa caa
ca/ //o/ /rco ma {|w| < 1}.
C/aoa m/o/.
Ta ve/ /c S (f; D) /a/ ca o/aoa /am c//o/ //o/ dao d/eo /rcoa D sac c/c mcda/e
caa c/aoa b/ c/ao ba/ 1 ca f (a) = 0, f

(a) > 0, /rcoa dc a /a d/em cc d/o/

oac dc caa D. c /a /c /a/ ca o/aoa /am ao/ va bac a/ac m/eo D cac //o/ /rco
dao c/ U. Hc S (f; D) = oeo //ec d/o/ /u Hco/e/ S (f; D) /a /c ccmoac/.
8au a/a, /a /c S (f; D) /a se //m /am f
0
sac c/c dc cc dao

f
0

(a)

/a cac
da/. Ta ve/ /ao /ao cco S
1
(f; D) S (f; D).
S
1
(f; D) =

f S (f; D) : |f

(a)|

f
1

(a)

> 0

Trcoa dc f
1
/a /am cc d/o/
oac dc caa S (f; D). Ta se c/aoa m/o/ raoa S
1
(f; D) /a ccmoac/ /rcoa oc. C/a
sa dau {f
n
}

n=1
, f
n
S
1
(f; D) , n /c/ /a dea /reo /aoa ccmoac/ caa m/eo
D deo /am a/a/ /ao f
0
. Ham f
0
//ca mao cac //o/ c/a/ saa.
1. Ham f
0
H (D) , |f
0
| 1. T/a/ cau, c/ f
n
H (D) , n oeo //ec d/o/
/u Ie/ers/rass /am f
0
H (D). \/ |f
n
| 1, n oeo |f
0
| 1 /rcoa D.
Ton That Thai Sn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1rang 1J
1rang 14 Laao cao /c/ oa//eo
?. f
0
(a) = 0, f
0

(a) > 0. T/a/ cau, /a cc

T/eo //ec, c/ f
n
H (D) , n ca f
n
/c/ /a dea /reo /aoa ccmoac/ caa D
oeo //ec d/o/ /u Ie/ers/rass dau cac dac /am f

n
caoa /c/ /a dea /reo
/aoa ccmoac/ caa D deo f

0
ca
N/a cau /am f
0
(z) //coa o/a/ /a /aoa sc /rcoa D.
3. Ham f
0
dao d/eo /rcoa D. T/a/ cau, c/ f
0
/a a/a/ /ao caa dau /am dao
d/eo /rcoa D ca f
0
//coa o/a/ /a /aoa sc oeo f
0
dao d/eo /rcoa D.
N/a cau, /am f
0
S (f; D)ca dc dc S
1
(f; D) /a ccmoac/ /rcoa oc.
8au a/a, /a ve/ o//em /am //eo /ac
I (f) : f |f

(a)|
Ta b/e/ raoa /am //eo /ac /reo /ao ccmoac/ /// da/ a/a /r/ /ao o/a/ caa oc.
Na//a /a f
0
S
1
(f; D) //ca mao d/ea //eo
|f

(a)| |f

0
(a)| f S
1
(f; D)
N/a cau, sa /co /a/ /a/ a/a/ caa ba/ /cao cac /r/ da daac c/aoa m/o/.
8au a/a /a c/aoa m/o/ raoa f
0
ao/ va m/eo D /eo /cao bc //o/ /rco U.
\/ f
0
c//o/ //o/ dao d/eo /rcoa D oeo oc ao/ va bac a/ac D /eo f
0
(D). \/
|f
0
(z)| 1, z D oeo ao/ f
0
(D)oam /rcoa ccoa /rco dao c/ {|w| < 1}. Ta
c/aoa m/o/ raoa /a //o/ cac /r/ caa f
0
sau ra raoa f
0
(D) U = {|w| < 1}.
C/a sa oaaac /a/. Ta a/a ///e/ /co /a/ d/em b (|b| < 1) //coa //acc ao/ f
0
(D).
Ta se c/aoa m/o/ raoa /// dc h(z) S (f; D)sac c/c
|h

(a)| > |f

0
(a)|
\a o/a cau maa //aao ca/ //o/ cac /r/ caa /am f
0
.
\/ f
0
(a) = 0 b = 0. K// dc d/em b =
1
b
caoa //coa //acc ao/ f
0
(D) c/
|b| > 1.
Ta ve/ /am
(z) =

f
0
(z)b
1bf
0
(z)
Ham (z) c//o/ //o/ dao d/eo /rcoa D. T/a/ cau, c/ a/a /r/ caa /am f
0
oam
/rcoa //o/ /rco dao c/ oeo a/a /r/ caa b/ea //ac daa/ cao caoa oam /rcoa //o/ /rco
dao c/. \/ m/eo D dao //eo oeo //ec d/o/ /u Hcocdrcm/e /a cc //e /ac/ o/ao/
dao /r/ caa cao //ac. N/ao/ oau dao d/eo /rcoa D. H/eo o//eo || < 1, z D.
8au a/a /a ve/ /am
h(z) = e
i
(z)(a)
1(a)(z)
, <
Ham h(z) cc cac //o/ c/a/ saa dau.
1. h(z) S (f; D). T/a/ cau, h(z) c//o/ //o/ ca dao d/eo /rcoa D. h(a) = 0
Ton That Thai Sn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1rang 14
Laao cao /c/ oa//eo da/ /cc - c/aueo oaao/ a/a/ //c/ o/ac 1rang 1b
ca |h| 1, z D. h

(a) = e
i

(a)
1|(a)|
2
= e
i
1+|b|
2

b
f

0
(a)
\a/ = arg

b, /a cc
h

(a) =
1+|b|
2

|b|
f

0
(a) h(z) S (f; D)
?. h

(a) > f

0
(a). T/a/ cau, /a cc
1 +|b| > 2

|b|
0c dc
1+|b|
2

|b|
> 1. Ta dc sau ra h

(a) > f

0
(a).
/ea oau /ra/ ca/ //o/ c/a/ cac /r/ caa /am f
0
(z). /o/ /u R/emaoo da
daac c/aoa m/o/.
Ton That Thai Sn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1rang 1b
Ket luan
Not trong nhung van dc co ban cua su mo ta hinh hoc cac tnh chat chinh hinh
cua ham bicn phuc la vicc nghicn cuu cac ham av bang cach xuat phat tu cac anh
xa. 1rong thuc tc van dc duoc quan tam hon ca va cung la van dc kho khan hon
do la bai toan nguoc - goi la bai toan co ban cua lv thuvct anh xa bao giac. Chung
ta da chung minh duoc su ton tai ham anh xa bao giac doi voi truong hop don gian
nhat khi hai micn D va D don licn.
1b
Tai lieu tham khao
[1| W.RLIIN, Rea/ aod ccmo/ev aoa/us/s, ///rd ed///co, HcCraa-H///,198b.
[2| Nguvcn 1huv 1hanh, Ca sa /u //aue/ /am b/eo o/ac, N\ Iai hoc 0uoc gia
Ha Noi, 200b.
[J| Joscph J. Rotman, 4o lo/rcdac//co /c //e T/ecru c/ Crcaos, 4th cdition,
Springcr-\crlag, 199b.
17