III.

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

A. Hasil
Tabel 1. Panjang Akar Terpanjang
Perlakuan
Ulangan
Total
Rataan
1 2 3
Fe-EDTA 10 10 10 29,100 9,700
FeCl3 9 6 6 20,700 6,900
Tanpa Ca 10 10 10 29,900 9,967
Tanpa S 10 6 6 21,00 7,133
Tanpa
!g
" " " 23,900 7,967
Tanpa # " 6 7 21,600 7,200
Tanpa $ 10 9 " 26,300 ",767
Tanpa P " 1%,200 %,067
Tanpa Fe 10 1",600 6,200
Tanpa
&ara
!'kro
9 7 " 23,"00 7,933
Total 230,%000
Tabel 2. Anava Panjang Akar Terpanjang
SR () *# #T F+'tung
F Ta,le
0,0% 0,01
Perlakuan 9 62,3"1667 6,931296 2,2621722
ns
2,39 3,6
-alat 20 61,2"0000 3,06
Total 29 123,661667
Tabel 3. J!la" Akar
Perlakuan
Ulangan
Total Rataan
1 2 3
Fe-EDTA 6 12 22,000 7,333
FeCl3 10 " 9 27,000 9,000
Tanpa Ca % 9 1 2",000 9,333
Tanpa S 7 7 10 2,000 ",000
Tanpa !g 6 % 1%,000 %,000
Tanpa # 9 11 12 32,000 10,667
Tanpa $ " 6 1",000 6,000
Tanpa P 7 7 11 2%,000 ",333
Tanpa Fe % 9 " 22,000 7,333
Tanpa
&ara
!'kro
% " 10 23,000 7,667
Total 236,0000
Tabel #. Anava J!la" Akar
SR () *# #T
F+'tung
F Ta,le
0,0% 0,01
Perlakuan 9 71,66667 7,9071 1,2216%2
ns
2,39 3,6
-alat 20 130,000000 6,%
Total 29 201,66667
$a!bar 1. Mingg per%a!a
$a!bar 2. Mingg ke&a
$a!bar 3. Mingg ke%iga
B. Pe!ba"asan
&ara .erupakan /en0a1a organ'k .aupun anorgan'k 0ang terkan(ung ('
(ala. tana+ 0ang (',utu+kan ole+ tana.an2 )er(a/arkan ,an0ak /e('k'tn0a +ara
0ang (',utu+kan ole+ tana.an, +ara (',ag' .en3a(' un/ur +ara .akro (an un/ur
+ara .'kro2 Un/ur +ara .'kro a(ala+ un/ur +ara 0ang (',utu+kan tana.an (ala.
3u.la+ ke4'l2 Un/ur +ara .'kro pa(a u.u.n0a .e.pun0a' 5ung/' /e,aga'
katal't'k reak/' en6'.at'k2 Sela'n un/ur +ara .'kro tu.,u+an 3uga .e.erlukan
un/ur +ara .akro, 0a'tu un/ur +ara 0ang ('perlukan (ala. 3u.la+ ,e/ar2 Un/ur
+ara .akro pa(a u.u.n0a ,er5ung/' /e,aga' pen0u/un 3ar'ngan tu.,u+an (an
/e,ag'an ke4'l ,er5ung/' /e,aga' katal't'k (ala. reak/' k'.'a (ala. tu,u+
tu.,u+an 78'lk'n/, 19"992 Un/ur +ara .akro ter('r' (ar' C, &, :, $, S, P, #, Ca
(an !g, /e(angkan un/ur +ara .'kro ter('r' ata/ ), Cl, Cu, Fe, !n, !o, (an ;n
7T+o.a/ an( R'4+ar(/on, 197392
Se,ag'an ,e/ar un/ur 0ang (',utu+kan tana.an ('/erap (ar' larutan tana+
.elalu' akar, ke4ual' kar,on ok/'gen 0ang ('/erap (ar' u(ara ole+ (aun2
Pen0erapan un/ur +ara /e4ara u.u. le,'+ la.,at (',an('ngkan (engan
pen0erapan a'r ole+ akar tana.an2 S'/te. perakaran tana.an le,'+ ('ken(al'an
ole+ /'5at genet'k (ar' tana.an 0ang ,er/angkutan, tetap' tela+ pula (',ukt'kan
,a+1a /'/te. perakaran tana.an ter/e,ut (apat ('pengaru+' ole+ kon('/' tana+
atau .e('a tu.,u+ tana.an2 Faktor 0ang .e.pengaru+' pola pen0u,uran akar
antara la'n a(ala+ peng+alang .ekan'/, /u+u tana+, aera/', keter/e('aan a'r (an
keter/e('aan un/ur +ara 7#'.,all, 19"392
#eter/e('aan un/ur-un/ur e/en/'al ('(ala. tana.an /angat ('tentukan ole+
p&, .'/aln0a $ pa(a p& %2% < "2%, P pa(a p& %2% < 72%, /e(angkan # pa(a p& %2%
< 10 /e,al'kn0a un/ur .'kro relat'5 ter/e('a pa(a p& ren(a+2 #ea(aan p& 0ang
t'(ak /e/ua' .en0e,a,kan pen0erapan un/ur +ara .en3a(' ter+a.,at /e+'ngga
pertu.,u+an tana.an pun .en3a(' kurang ,a'k2 Tana.an 0ang tu.,u+ pa(a
larutan +ara .'kro tu.,u+ (engan ,a'k karena ,era(a p& 0ang /e/ua'2 =arutan
t'(ak ('keta+u' 3uga tu.,u+ (engan ,a'k2 Setela+ .el'+at (ar' (ata 0ang ('perole+
('perk'rakan larutan t'(ak (uketa+u' 'n' .e.'l'k' ko.po/'/' (e5'/'en/' S2 &al 'n'
terl'+at (ar' n'la' per+'tungan 0ang t'(ak 3au+ ,er,e(a, n'la' p& 0ang /a.a 7%-79
(an ge3ala (e5'/'en/' 0ang /erupa 7/u,ur9 7Dar.a1an, 19"292 -e3ala kekurangan
un/ur +ara e//en/'al pa(a tana.an ,erka'tan lang/ung (engan 5ung/' (an
5lek/','l'ta/ un/ur +ara ter/e,ut untuk ('tran/loka/'kan (ar' /uatu ,ag'an ke ,ag'an
la'n (ar' tana.an2 Flek/','l'ta/ /uatu un/ur +ara tergantung pa(a /olu,'l'ta/
7kelarutan9 ,entuk k'.'a un/ur ter/e,ut (' (ala. 3ar'ngan tana.an (an
ke.u(a+ann0a untuk .a/uk ke (ala. pe.,ulu+ 5loe. 7=ak'tan, 199%92
Su.,er $ ('/erap (ala. ,entuk $:
3
-
atau $&

>
(ar' larutan tana+2
$'trogen /angat pent'ng (ala. tu.,u+an karena .erupakan ko.ponen pen0u/un
a/a. a.'no, a/a. nukleat, prote'n 7pla/.a .aupun en6'.9, kloro5'l, +or.on,
alkalo'( (an ,a+an organ'k la'nn0a2 De5'/'en/' n'trogen 7$9 +a.p'r /elalu
.e.perl'+atkan kloro/'/ (aun (e1a/a /e4ara perla+an-la+an, 0ang ke.u('an
,eru,a+ .en3a(' kun'ng (an ak+'rn0a rontok2 )'a/an0a t'(ak ter3a(' nekro/'/
73ar'ngan .en3a(' .at'92 #loro/'/ .en0e,ar (ar' (aun (e1a/a ke (aun 0ang le,'+
.u(a2 #arakter'/t'k ge3ala (e5'/'en/' a(ala+ ter,entukn0a anto/'an'n pa(a ,atang,
tulang (aun, tangka' (aun /e+'ngga ,ag'an-,ag'an ter/e,ut .en3a(' ,er1arna
.era+ atau .era+ ungu2 Daun .u(a pa(a tu.,u+an 0ang .engala.' (e5'/'en/'
n'trogen ka(ang-ka(ang le,'+ kaku, kurang ,erke.,ang (',an('ng (aun 0ang
nor.al, per4a,angan terta+an karena (or.an/' tuna/ lateral 0ang ,erkepan3angan2
$'trogen 0ang ,erle,'+an /er'ng .en0e,a,kan t'.,uln0a prolo5era/' ,atang (an
(aun, /e(angkan ,ua+ .en3a(' ,erkurang 7Sal'/,ur0 an( Ro//, 199%92
#ar,on ('a.,'l ole+ tu.,u+an (ala. ,entuk ga/ C:
2
, +'(rogen
('a.,'l(ala. ,entuk a'r 7&
2
:9, /e(angkan ok/'gen /ela'n (ala. ,entuk C:
2
(an
&2:3uga (apat ('a.,'l (ala. ,entuk :
2
, .aupun /en0a1a la'nn0a2 Un/ur C, &,
(an: .erupakan pen0u/un uta.a .akro.olekul, /epert'? kar,o+'(rat, l'p'(,
prote'n (an a/a. nukleat2 Setela+ C, &, (an :, n'trogen .erupakan un/ur +ara
.akro terpent'ng2 $'trogen .erupakan ko.ponen (ar' a/a.-a/a. a.'no 73uga
prote'n9,kloro5'l, koen6'. (an a/a. nukleat2 $'trogen .erupakan un/ur pe.,ata/
pertu.,u+an2 8alaupun ga/ $
2
.en0u/un 7" @ at.o/5'r ,u.', tu.,u+an t'(ak
(apat .enggunakann0a /e4ara lang/ung2 -a/ $
2
ter/e,ut +aru/ ('5'k/a/' ole+
,akter' .en3a(' a.on'a 7$&
3
92 )e,erapa tu.,u+-tu.,u+an 7/epert' ka4ang tana+,
ke(ela', kapr', (an tu.,u+an legu.e la'nn0a9 ,er/'.,'o/'/ (engan ,akter'
Rhizobium /pp2 R+'6o,'u. 'n' (apat .e.5'k/a/' ga/ $
2
70ang ter3erap (ala. por'-
por' tana+9 (an .engkonAer/'n0a .en3a(' a.on'a2 )akter' (ar' genu/
A6oto,a4ter, 0ang +'(up ,e,a/ (ala. tana+, 3uga (apat .elakukan 5'k/a/'
n'trogen2 !olekul $&
3
(engan /egera .eng'kat 'on &
>
.e.,entuk 'on $&

>2
*'ka
,'nt'l akar .eng+a/'lkan 'on $&

>
.ele,'+' 0ang ('perlukan tana.an .aka 'on
$&

>
akan (',e,a/kan ke (ala. tana+ (an (apat ('.an5aatkan ole+ tu.,u+an non
legu.e2 Bon a..on'u. ole+ ,akter' n'tr'5'ka/' 7/pe/'e/ (ar' genu/ $'tro,a4ter (an
$'tro6o.ona/9 (apat ('u,a+ .en3a(' 'on $:
3
2 Tu.,u+an (apat .enga.,'l
n'trogen (ala. ,entuk 'on$&

>
.aupun $:
3
- 7
Sal'/,ur0 an( Ro//, 199%92
$'trogen, 5o/5at (an kal'u. .erupakan +ara 0ang ter,an0ak ('/erap ole+
tana.an, /e+'ngga apa,'la ter3a(' kekurangan akan .en0e,a,kan .enurunn0a
akt'A'ta/ pertu.,u+an (an pro(ukt'A'ta/ tana.an2 Un/ur +ara $ .erupakan +ara
.akro 0ang ter,an0ak ('/erap ole+ tana.an te.u-te.uan, ke.u('an # (an P2
#e,utu+an tana.an ter+a(ap un/ur P relat'5 le,'+ /e('k't (',an('ngkan (engan
un/ur $ (an #, 1alau (e.'k'an 5ung/' un/ur P /angat pent'ng /e,aga' /u.,er
energ' pa(a /et'ap pro/e/ .eta,ol'/.e tana.an2 Un/ur +ara # ,an0ak ('/erap
ole+ tana.an peng+a/'l u.,' (an r'.pang2 #al'u. ter(apat ,an0ak (ala.
3ar'ngan .er'/te., /e('k't (' (ala. ,'3' (an ,ua+2 #an(ungan # (ala. kloropla/
('perk'rakan t'ga kal' l'pat (ar'pa(a kan(ungan (' (ala. /'topla/.a (an Aakuola
7Ra+ar(3o et al., 201092
-e3ala kekurangan un/ur +ara pa(a tu.,u+an u.u.n0a ta.pak /e,aga'
nekro/a (an +'popla/'a2 $ekro/a a(ala+ ge3ala 0ang ta.pak /e,aga' ke.at'an /el2
&'popla/'a a(ala+ +a.,atan pertu.,u+an tana.an 0ang ter('r' (ar' keker('lan
.aupun +a.,atan pe.,entukan 6at 1arna 0ang /er'ng ('/e,ut +'pokro.' (an
k+u/u/ untuk +a.,atan pe.,entukan kloro5'l ('/e,ut kloro/'/ 7Agr'o/, 199692
Set'ap ge3ala kekurangan un/ur +ara akan .enun3ukkan ge3ala 0ang /pe/'5'k 0a'tu?
12 #al/'u.
#ekurangan un/ur 'n' akan .enun3ukkan ge3ala kloro/'/ 0ang ('.ula' (ar'
(aun .u(a, pertu.,u+an akar ter+a.,at, (an ter,entukn0a /el .ult' nukleat
7D1'(3o/eputro, 19"392
22 Sul5ur
#ekurangan /ul5ur .en0e,a,kan kloro/'/ pa(a (aun .u(a 7D1'(3o/eputro,
19"392
32 !agne/'u.
#ekurangan !g .en0e,a,kan kloro/'/ (an nekro/'/ 0ang ('.ula' (ar' (aun
tua 7D1'(3o/eputro, 19"392
2 #al'u.
#ekurangan kal'u. akan .en0e,a,kan kloro/'/ pa(a (aun tua, pertu.,u+an
ro/et (an ,atang .en3a(' le.a+ 7Sal'/,ur0 an( Ro//, 199%92
%2 $'trogen
#ekurangan un/ur 'n' .en0e,a,kan kloro/'/ pa(a (aun tua 0ang (''kut'
kerontokan (aun ('.ula' (ar' (aun .u(a (an 3arang ('/erta' nekro/a, /ela'n 'tu
3uga /er'ng ('te.ukan pro(uk/' anto/'an'n 0ang ,erle,'+ 7Sal'/,ur0 an( Ro//,
199%92
62 Fo/5at
#ekurangan 5o/5at akan .en0e,a,kan kerontokan (aun 0ang ('.ula' (ar' (aun
tua, pe.,entukan anto/'an'n pa(a rant'ng (aun (an ,atang /erta a(an0a nekro/a
pa(a (aun 7Sal'/,ur0 an( Ro//, 199%92
72 )e/'
#ekurangan Fe .en0e,a,kan kloro/'/ pa(a (aun .u(a tanpa (''kut' nekro/a
7Sal'/,ur0 an( Ro//, 199%92 #ekurangan Fe 3uga (apat .e.pengaru+'
,'o/'nte/'/ kloro5'l (an perke.,angan kloropla/ pa(a tana.an ('kot'l (an
.onokot'l 7;+ang et al., 201292
!a/'ng-.a/'ng un/ur +ara .akro .aupun .'kro ter/e,ut .e.pun0a'
peranan (ala. .en(ukung kelang/ungan +'(up tu.,u+an, 0a'tu /e,aga' ,er'kut ?
12 Un/ur .akro, ('antaran0a?
$ C Pen0u/unan a/a. a.'no, prote'n, a/a. nukleat (an /e,aga'n0a2
# C Akt'Aator ,er,aga' en6'., .engatur poten/'al o/.ot'k /el
7.engatur tekanan turgor /el9 teruta.a /el penga1al2
Ca C Peng'kat antar .olekul-.olekul 5o/5ol'p'(a atau 5o/5ol'p'(a
(engan prote'n pen0u/un .e.,ran, /truktur (an /'5at per.ea,'l'ta/
/elaput /el, /truktur la.ella tenga+2
P C #o.ponen ATP, a/a. nukleat (an ,an0ak /u,/trat .eta,ol'/.e,
ko5aktor ,er,aga' en6'., ,ag'an (ar' nukleot'(a (an 5o/5ol'p'(a
pen0u/un .e.,rane2
S C Pen0u/un a/a. a.'no /'/te'n (an .et+'on'n, pen0u/un A'ta.'n
t+'a.'n (an ,'ot'n, terkan(ung (ala. ko-en6'. A2
!g C Pen0u/un k+loro5'l, a4t'Aator ,er,aga' en6'. (ala. reak/'
5oto/'nte/'/, re/p'ra/' (an pe.,entukan D$A (an R$A2
22 Un/ur .'kro, 0a'tu?
Fe C Fe .erupakan nutr'en (engan 5ung/' 0ang pent'ng ,ag' tu.,u+an,
,erperan (ala. pro/e/ 5oto/'nte/'/, re/p'ra/', /'nte/'/ D$A, (an
/truktur +or.on 7;+ang et al2, 201292
) C Tran/loka/' gula .ene.,u/ /elaput /el2
!n C Akt'Aaktor en6'. 7ang'na/e92
;n C Pe.,entukan kloro5'l, ko5aktor en6'. kar,onat an+'(ra/e2
Cu C S'/te. reak/' ok/'(a/' re(uk/' 7/'tokro. ok/'(a/e (an
pla/to/'an'n9, re(uk/' n'tr't .en3a(' a..on'a2
!o C )ag'an en6'. n'trat re(ukta/e 7.ere(uk/' 'on n'trat .en3a('
n'tr't92
Cl C !en/t'.ula/' pe.e4a+an .olekul a'r pa(a 5a/e terang 5oto/'nte/'/
7=ak'tan, 199%92
Da/arn0a, ge3ala kekurangan un/ur +ara tergantung pa(a (ua +al uta.a,
0a'tu ?719 Fung/' (ar' un/ur +ara ter/e,ut2 729 #e.u(a+an ,ag' un/ur +ara ter/e,ut
untuk ('tran/loka/'kan (ar' (aun tua ke (aun .u(a2 #e.u(a+an un/ur +ara untuk
('tran/loka/'kan pa(a /olu,'l'ta/ 7kelarutan9 (an ,entuk k'.'a un/ur ter/e,ut
(ala. 3ar'ngan tana.an /erta ke.u(a+ann0a untuk (apat .a/uk ke (ala.
pe.,ulu+ 5loe. 7=ak'tan, 199%92
!enurut Sal'/,ur0 (an Ro// 7199%9, kr'ter'a un/ur +ara e/en/'al ,ag'
tu.,u+an, antara la'n ? 719 *'ka tu.,u+an t'(ak .a.pu .en0e.purnakan (aur
+'(upn0a tanpa un/ur ter/e,ut2 729 *'ka un/ur ter/e,ut .en3a(' ,ag'an (ar'
.olekul atau kan(ungan tu.,u+an 0ang e/en/'al ,ag' tu.,u+an 'tu2 739 Un/ur 'tu
+aru/ /e4ara lang/ung ,erperan ter+a(ap tu.,u+an (an ,ukan .en0e,a,kan
un/ur la'n .en3a(' le,'+ .u(a+ ter/e('a atau .ela1an e5ek un/ur la'n2
!enurut !e0er an( An(er/on 719929, peranan u.u. un/ur +ara e/en/'al
,ag' tu.,u+an antara la'n ?
12 #o.ponen pen0u/un protopla/.a (an ('n('ng /el2 Se3u.la+ ele.en
/angat pent'ng ko.ponen per.anen pa(a protopla/.a (an ('n('ng /el2
22 )erpengaru+ pa(a tekanan o/.ot'k /el tu.,u+an2 Tekanan o/.ot'k
,e,erapa /el tu.,u+an ('atur ole+ ,a+an organ'k (an ,a+an .'neral 0ang
terlarut (ala. 4a'ran /el2 #e,an0akan /el tu.,u+an (engan kon/entra/'
un/ur +ara 0ang t'ngg', tekanan o/.ot'k 4a'ran tu.,u+an /angat ren(a+2
32 )erpengaru+ ter+a(ap ker3a a/a. (an ,u5er2 Un/ur +ara 0ang ('/erap (ar'
tana+ /er'ngkal' ,erpegaru+ pa(a p& 4a'ran /el (an ,ag'an la'n (ar' /el
tu.,u+an, 1alaupun ka(ang-ka(ang t'(ak ,eg'tu ,e/ar2 A/a. organ'k (an
/en0a1a la'n .en0e,a,kan akt'A'ta/ .eta,ol'k pa(a tu.,u+an ,'a/an0a
.e.pun0a' pegaru+ teruta.a (ala. .enentukan p& /el2
2 )erpengaru+ pa(a per.ea,'l'ta/ .e.,ran /'topla/.a2 Per.ea,'l'ta/
.e.,ran /'topla/.a ('pengaru+' ole+ kat'on (an an'on pa(a .e('u. 0ang
terkontak lang/ung (engann0a2
%2 Fung/' tok/'k (ar' ele.en .'neral2 )an0ak un/ur +ara (ala. ,entuk 'on
.e.pun0a' pengaru+ tok/'k ter+a(ap protopla/.a, ka(ang-ka(ang
.en0e,a,kan ke.at'an /aat kon/entra/'n0a /angat ren(a+2
62 Fung/' antagon'/t'k2 Satu 'on atau gara. ,erpengaru+ ,al'k pa(a 'on atau
gara. la'n2 )e,erapa ele.en .'neral ,er'terak/' (engan 4ara .engatur
ke/e'.,angan 'on2
72 Fung/' katal't'k2 Pengaru+ k+u/u/ un/ur +ara pa(a tu.,u+an ('ak',atkan
ole+ part'/'pa/'n0a (ala. /uatu 5ung/' atau /'/te. katal't'k (an ,er,aga'
reak/' en6'.at'/ (ala. /el2 Un/ur-un/ur 'n' ter.a/uk ,ag'an (ar' golongan
pro/tet'k en6'., /e(angkan un/ur-un/ur la'n (apat ,erperan /e,aga'
akt'Aaktor atau 'n+','t+or pa(a /atu atau le,'+ /'/te. en6'.at'k2
Prakt'ku. +ara ('lakukan (engan .enggunakan 10 ,otol 0ang .a/'ng-
.a/'ng (',er' la,el /e/ua' '/' larutan ,aku un/ur +ara (' (ala.0a, /epert'
FeEDTA, FeCl
3
, -Ca, -S, -!g, -#, -$, -P, -Fe, (an <&ara .'kro2 Tana.an 0ang
('gunakan a(ala+ ru.put tek' 7Cyperus rotundus) 0ang tela+ (',er/'+kan (ar'
tana+ 0ang .ene.pel (an (',uang kot'le(onn0a2 Ru.put tek' ter/e,ut lalu
('.a/ukkan ke (ala. 10 ,otol ,er'/' larutan +ara, lalu .ulut ,otol ('/u.,at
(engan .enggunakan kapa/2 Penga.atan ('lakukan /ela.a 2 .'nggu (engan
.enga.at' para.eter ,erupa pan3ang akar terpan3ang, pan3ang tana.an, (an
,an0akn0a akar2
)er(a/arkan +a/'l prakt'ku. ('(apatkan ,a+1a perlakuan 0ang
('lakukan t'(ak ,erpengaru+ /e4ara n0ata ter+a(ap para.eter 0ang ('ukur2
Ru.put tek' 0ang ('gunakan (ala. prakt'ku. .engala.' (e5'/'en/' un/ur +ara
0ang ('tun3ukkan (engan a(an0a nekro/'/ /erta kloro/'/2 #ekurangan un/ur +ara
pa(a tana.an (apat ,erak',at ter3a('n0a peru,a+an 5'/'olog'/ pa(a tana.an 'tu
/en('r'2 Se4ara teor't'/, keg'atan .eta,ol'/.e tana.an akan terganggu ,a+kan
t'(ak ,er3alan /a.a /ekal' (an akan ter3a(' ,er,aga' pen0'.pangan atau
peru,a+an pa(a ,e,erapa ,ag'an organ tana.an2 Pen0'.pangan ter/e,ut (apat
,erupa ter+a.,atn0a ,e,erapa akt'A'ta/ .eta,ol'/.e tana.an atau t'.,uln0a
keru/akan pa(a /uatu ,ag'an tana.an2 #et'(aknor.alan pertu.,u+an akar,
,atang, .aupun (aun .erupakan /ala+ /atu 4onto+ ter+a.,atn0a akt'A'ta/
.eta,ol'/.e tana.an, /e(angkan ge3ala kloro/'/ atau nekro/'/ (apat ('4onto+kan
/e,aga' ru/akn0a ,e,erapa ,ag'an organ pa(a tana.an 7=ak'tan, 199%92
I'. (ESIMP)LAN
)er(a/arkan +a/'l (an pe.,a+a/an, (apat ('a.,'l ke/'.pulan ,a+1a?
12 &ara .arupakan /en0a1a organ'k .aupun anorgan'k 0ang terkan(ung ('
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