Gio khoa ha hu c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

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GIO KHOA HA HU C THUC CHNG TRNH TRUNG HC PH THNG

I. I.1. nh ngha
Hirocacbon l mt loi hp cht hu c m trong phn t ch gm cacbon (C) v hiro (H). I.2. Cng thc tng qut (CTTQ, Cng thc chung) CxHy x : s nguyn, dng, khc 0. x = 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9 ;... y : s nguyn, dng, chn, khc 0. y = 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12;.... y 2x + 2 (ymax = 2x + 2) y 2 (ymin = 2) nu x chn. y 4 (ymin = 4) nu x l, mch h. x 4 : Hirocacbon dng kh iu kin thng. Tt c hirocacbon u khng tan trong nc.

HIROCACBON (HIROCACBUA)

Th d: CHy CH4 duy nht C2Hy C2H2 ; C2H4 ; C2H6 C3Hy C3H4 ; C3H6 ; C3H8 (mch h) C4Hy C4H2 ; C4H4 ; C4H6 ; C4H8 ; C4H10 C5Hy C5H4 ; C5H6 ; C5H8 ; C5H10 ; C5H12 (mch h) C10Hy C10H2 ; C10H4 ; C10H6 ; C10H8 ; C10H10 ; C10H12 ; C10H14 ; C10H16 ; C10H18 ; C10H20 ; C10H22 Hoc: CnH2n + 2
m

n1 m : s nguyn, dng, chn, c th bng 0. m = 0 ; 2 ; 4 ; 6 ; 8 ; 10 ;... (m = 0 : ankan; m = 2: anken hoc xicloankan; m = 4: ankin hoc ankaien hoc xicloanken;...)

Gio khoa ha hu c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

Hoc: CnH2n + 2 2k n1 k: s t nhin ( k = 0; 1; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5;...) ( k = 0: ankan; k = 1: c 1 lin kt i hoc 1 vng; k = 2: c 2 lin kt i hoc 1 lin kt ba hoc 2 vng hoc 1 vng v 1 lin kt i;...)

I.3. Tnh cht ha hc I.3.1. Phn ng chy

Phn ng chy ca mt cht l phn ng oxi ha hon ton cht bng oxi (O2). Tt c phn ng chy u ta nhit. S chy bng (chy nhanh) th pht sng. Tt c hirocacbon khi chy u to kh cacbonic (CO2) v hi nc (H2O). CxHy + (x +

y )O2 4

t0

xCO2 +

y H2O 2
(n + 1 -

+ Q (H < 0) (Ta
m )H2O 2

nhit)

CnH2n + 2 - m + (
CnH2n + 2 - 2k
Hirocacbon

3n + 1 m )O2 2 4 3n + 1 k + ( )O2 2

t0

nCO2 nCO2

+ +

t0

(n + 1 - k) H2O
Hi nc

Kh cacbonic

I.3.2. Phn ng nhit phn

Phn ng nhit phn mt cht l phn ng phn tch cht thnh hai hay nhiu cht khc nhau di tc dng ca nhit. Tt c hirocacbon khi em nung nng nhit cao (trn 10000C) trong iu kin cch ly khng kh (cch ly O2, y np bnh phn ng) th chng u b nhit phn to Cacbon (C) v Hiro (H2).
Hirocacbon

CxHy

t0 cao (>10000C), khng tip xc khng kh

xC
Cacbon

+ y/2 H2
Hiro

CnH2n + 2 - m

t0 cao, cch ly khng kh

nC

(n + 1 - m/2)H2

Bi tp 1 t chy hon ton 1 mol hirocacbon A, thu c 6 mol CO2.

Gio khoa ha hu c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

a. Tm cc cng thc phn t (CTPT) c th c ca A. b. Vit mt cng thc cu to (CTCT) c th c ca A c cha H nhiu nht trong phn t trong cc CTPT tm c trn. c. Vit mt CTCT c th c ca A c cha H t nht trong cc CTPT tm c cu (a). S: C6Hy (7 CTPT) Bi tp 1 t chy hon ton 0,15 mol hirocacbon A mch h, thu c 1,05 mol CO2. a. Xc nh cc CTPT c th c ca A. b. Vit mt CTCT ca A nu A cha s nguyn t H nhiu nht v mt CTCT ca A nu A cha s nguyn t H t nht trong phn t trong cc CTPT tm c cu (a). S: C7Hy (7 CTPT) Bi tp 2 t chy hon ton 2,8 lt kh hirocacbon X (ktc). Cho sn phm chy hp th ht vo nc vi lng d, thu c 50 gam kt ta. a. Xc nh cc CTPT c th c ca X. b. Vit CTCT ca X, bit rng X c cha s nguyn t nh nht trong cc CTPT tm c cu (a). (C = 12 ; O = 16 ; H = 1 ; Ca = 40) S: C4Hy (5 CTPT) Bi tp 2 t chy hon ton 3,136 lt (ktc) mt hirocacbon X mch h dng kh. Cho sn phm chy hp th ht vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 lng d, thu c 82,74 gam kt ta. Xc nh cc CTPT c th c ca X. Vit CTCT ca X. Bit rng X ch gm lin kt n. (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; O =16 ; Ba = 137) S: C3Hy (3 CTPT) Bi tp 3 Y l mt hirocacbon. T khi hi ca Y so vi hiro bng 57 (dY/H2 = 57). t chy ht 13,68 gam Y, thu c 19,44 gam H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca Y. Xc nh CTCT ca Y. Bit rng cc nguyn t H trong phn t Y u tng nhau (cc nguyn t H u lin kt vo nguyn t C cng bc). (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; O = 16) S: C8H8 Bi tp 3 Y l mt hirocacbon. T khi hi ca Y so vi Heli bng 18. t chy hon ton 9,36 gam Y, thu c 28,6 gam CO2. Xc nh CTPT ca Y. Xc nh CTCT ca Y. Bit rng Y mch cacbon phn nhnh v c mt tm i xng trong phn t. (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; O = 16 ; He = 4) S: C5H12

Gio khoa ha hu c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

Bi tp 4 A l mt hirocacbon. T khi hi ca A so vi metan bng 4,5. t chy hon ton 14,4 gam A. Cho sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 c d, khi lng bnh tng thm 65,6 gam. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca A. Bit rng phn t A ch cha mt loi H duy nht. (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; O = 16) S: C5H12 Bi tp 4 A l mt hirocacbon, dA/O2 = 2,6875. t chy ht 8,6 gam A ri cho sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo bnh ng dung dch xt d, khi lng bnh tng thm 39 gam. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT c th c ca A. (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; O = 16) S: C6H14 Bi tp 5 Phn tch nh lng hai cht hu c A, B cho cng kt qu: C 3 phn khi lng ca C th c 0,5 phn khi lng H v 4 phn khi lng O. T khi hi ca B bng 3,104. T khi hi ca B so vi A bng 3. Xc nh CTPT ca A, B. (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; O = 16) S: C3H6O3 (B) ; CH2O (A) Bi tp 5 Phn tch nh lng hai hirocacbon X, Y cho thy c cng kt qu: c 0,5 phn khi lng H th c 6 phn khi lng C. T khi hi ca Y l 3,586. T khi hi ca X so vi Y l 0,25. Xc nh CTPT ca X, Y. (C = 12 ; H = 1) S: C8H8 ; C2H2 Bi tp 6 t chy hon ton 112 cm3 (ktc) hi mt hirocacbon A ri dn sn phm chy ln lt i qua bnh (1) ng H2SO4 m c v bnh (2) ng KOH lng d. Khi lng bnh (1) tng 0,18 gam v bnh (2) tng 0,44 gam. a. C th hon i v tr hai bnh trong th nghim trn c hay khng? Ti sao? b. Xc nh CTPT v tnh khi lng ring ca A ktc. c. Lm th no phn bit cc bnh ring bit mt nhn cha: A, kh hiro v kh cacbon oxit? Vit phn ng. (H = 1 ; O = 16 ; C = 12) S: C2H4 ; 1,25g/l Bi tp 6 t chy hon ton 448 ml (ktc) mt hirocacbon X dng kh ri cho sn phm chy ln lt hp th vo bnh (1) ng P2O5 d, bnh (2) ng NaOH d. Sau th nghim thy khi lng bnh (1) tng 0,36gam , khi lng bnh (2) tng 1,76 gam.

Gio khoa ha hu c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

a. C th thay i v tr hai bnh (1), (2) c hay khng? Gii thch. b. Xc nh CTCT ca X. Tnh t khi ca X. Tnh khi lng ring ca X ktc. c. Nhn bit cc kh, hi sau y ng trong cc bnh khng nhn: X, CO2, C2H4, SO2, SO3. (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; O =16) S: C2H2 ; 1,16g/l Bi tp 7 A l mt hirocacbon hin din dng kh iu kin thng. t chy A, thu c CO2 v nc c t l s mol l nCO2 : nH2O = 2 : 1. Xc nh cc CTPT c th c ca A. S: C2H2 ; C4H4 Bi tp 7 Hirocacbon A hin din dng kh iu kin thng. T khi hi ca A so vi hiro ln hn 28 (dA/H2 > 28). Xc nh CTPT ca A. (C = 12 ; H = 1) S: C4H10 Lu Khi biet khoi lng phan t cua mot hirocacbon (khong qua ln, M < 108), th ta co the xac nh c CTPT cua hirocacbon nay. Cung nh khi biet khoi lng goc hirocacbon, ta co the xac nh c goc hirocacbon nay. Ly khi lng ca phn t hirocacbon hay ca gc hirocacbon em chia cho 12 (chia tay), c bao nhiu ln, th l s nguyn t C, cn l bao nhiu, l s nguyn t H.
Th d: A l mt hirocacbon c khi lng phn t l 44 vC A c CTPT l C3H8. B l mt hirocacbon c MB = 92 B l C7H8. X l mt gc hirocacbon, khi lng gc hirocabon ny bng 27 X l C2H3. Y l mt gc hirocacbon, My = 71 Y l C5H11

Bi tp 8 X la mot hirocacbon mach h. dX/He = 10. Xac nh cac CTCT co the co cua X. (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; He = 4) S: C3H4 (2 CTCT) Bi tp 8 X la mot hirocacbon. Mot the tch hi X co cung khoi lng vi 5,75 the tch kh metan (cac the tch hi, kh tren o trong cung ieu kien ve nhiet o va ap suat). Xac nh CTPT cua X. (C = 12 ; H = 1) S: C7H8 Bi tp 9 A la mot chat hu c c tao bi bon nguyen to C, H, O, N. Thanh phan phan tram khoi lng cua C, H va N trong A lan lt la 32%, 6,67% va 18,67%.

Gio khoa ha hu c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

a. Xac nh CTPT cua A, biet rang CTPT cua A cung la cong thc n gian cua no. b. Tnh t khoi hi cua A. Tnh khoi lng rieng cua hi A 136,50C, 1 atm. (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; O = 16 ; N = 14) S: C2H5NO2 ; 2,586 ; 2,232g/l Bi tp 9 ot chay hoan toan 9 gam chat hu c A, thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc) va 5,4 gam H2O. a. Xac nh cng thc thc nghim (cong thc nguyen) cua A. b. Xac nh CTPT cua A, biet rang t khoi hi cua A so vi nit ln hn 3 va nho hn 4 (3 < dA/N2 < 4). Xac nh cac CTCT co the co cua A, biet rang A co cha nhom chc axit (COOH) va nhom chc ru (OH). c. Tnh t khoi hi cua A. Tnh khoi lng rieng cua hi A 136,50C, 1,2atm. (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; O = 16 ; N = 14) S: (CH2O)n ; C3H6O3 ; 3,1 ; 3,214g/l

CU HI N PHN I
1. Hirocacbon l g? Vit cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbon theo 3 cch. 2.
Phn ng t chy mt cht thc cht l phn ng g? Mun mt cht chy c cn iu kin g? T hy cho bit cc phng php phng ha hon.

3. Phn ng nhit phn l g? Hirocacbon b nhit phn to ra cht g? Ti sao khi nhit phn mt hirocacbon cn cch ly cht ny vi khng kh? 4. Hp cht hu c l g? Ti sao gi hp cht hu c l hp cht ca cacbon? Nh vy c phi tt c hp cht cha cacbon u l hp cht hu c khng? C ngoi l no? 5. Ti sao s nguyn t H trong phn t mt hirocacbon phi l mt s nguyn dng chn, khc khng? 6. Cng thc thc nghim (Cng thc nguyn), cng thc n gin (cng thc n gin nht), cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca mt cht l g? Mi trng hp cho mt th d c th. 7. Phn tch nh tnh, phn tch nh lng mt cht ha hc l g? 8. T khi hi hay t khi ca mt cht kh l g? Cho 2 th d minh ha. 9. T khi ca mt cht rn hay mt cht lng l g? Cho th d minh ha. 10. Khi lng ring ca mt cht l g? Ti sao khi lng ring c n v, cn t khi th khng c n v? C phi tr s ca t khi v ca khi lng ring ging nhau?

Gio khoa ha hu c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

11. Phn bit khi nim khi lng vi trng lng. 12. Hy cho bit ngha ca cc s liu sau y: T khi ca thy ngn (lng) l 13,6; Khi lng ring ca thy ngn (lng) l 13,6g/ml; T khi hi ca thy ngn l 6,9; T khi hi ca thy ngn so vi metan l 12,5. Khi lng ring ca hi thy ngn ktc l 8,9 g/l. (Hg = 200 ; C = 12 ; H = 1) 13. Tnh t khi ca nc (lng); Khi lng ring ca nc (lng); T khi hi ca nc; T khi hi ca nc so vi hiro (H2); Khi lng ring ca hi nc ktc. (H = 1 ; O = 16) S: 1 ; 1g/ml ; 0,62 ; 9 ; 0,8g/l 14. t chy hon ton 1 mol hirocacbon A, thu c 8 mol kh CO2. Xc nh cc CTPT c th c ca A. Nu trong sn phm chy ca lng A trn c cha 9 mol nc. Xc nh CTPT ng ca A. Khi cho A tc dng kh clo theo t l mol nA : nCl 2 = 1 : 1, th ch thu mt sn phm th hu c. Xc nh CTCT ca A. S: C8Hy ; C8H18 15. Khi cho xng hay du hi vo nc th thy c s phn lp v xng hay du hi nm lp trn. Gii thch v nu hai tnh cht vt l quan trng ca hirocacbon. 16. Khi dng cy thc vo mt vng nc cng th thy c hin tng si bt kh? Th gii thch hin tng ny. 17. Pht biu nh lut Avogadro. Ti sao nh lut Avogadro ch p dng cho cht kh hay cht hi m khng p dng c cho cht lng hay cht rn? H qu quan trng ca nh lut Avogadro l g? 18. Cht kh hay cht hi c khc nhau khng? Ti sao khi th gi cht kh, khi th gi l cht hi? 19. Mt phn t nc c khi lng bao nhiu n v Cacbon (vC, n v khi lng nguyn t, amu, u)? bao nhiu gam? Mt mol nc c khi lng bao nhiu n v Cacbon, bao nhiu gam? 1 mol nc cha bao nhiu phn t nc? C bao nhiu nguyn t ha hc to nn nc? C bao nhiu nguyn t trong phn t nc? C bao nhiu nguyn t H c trong 18 gam nc? (H = 1 ; O = 16) 20. Ti sao p dng c cng thc d A / B =
vi cht B?

MA xc nh t khi hi ca cht A so MB

21. Khi ni t khi hi ca A so vi B th nht thit A hay B phi l cht kh iu kin thng hay khng?

Gio khoa ha hu c

Bin son: V Hng Thi

II. ANKAN (PARAFIN, NG NG METAN, HIROCACBON NO MCH H)

ng ng l hin tng cc hp cht hu c c tnh cht ha hc c bn ging nhau v CTPT gia chng hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm metylen (-CH2-). Tp hp cc cht ng ng to thnh mt dy ng ng. Hai cht k tip nhau trong cng mt dy ng ng hn km nhau mt nhm metylen.
Th d: CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12,... l cc cht thuc dy ng ng metan (ankan) CH3OH ; C2H5OH ; C3H7OH ; C4H9OH ;... l cc cht thuc dy ng ng ru n chc no mch h (ankanol)

II.1. nh ngha
Ankan l mt loi hirocacbon m trong phn t ch gm lin kt n mch h.

II.2. Cng thc tng qut CnH2n + 2 II.3. Cch c tn (Danh php)
CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14 C7H16 C8H18 C9H20 C10H22 C11H24
C23H48 C24H50 C25H52 C30H62 C31H64 C32H66 C33H68

(n 1)

Metan Etan Propan Butan Pentan Hexan Heptan Octan Nonan Decan Undecan
Tricosan Tetracosan Pentacosan Triacontan Hentriacontan Dotriacontan Tritriacontan

C12H26 C13H28 C14H30 C15H32 C16H34 C17H36 C18H38 C19H40 C20H42 C21H44 C22H46 C42H86 C43H88 C50H102 C60H122 C70H142 C80H162 C90H182

Dodecan Tridecan Tetradecan Pentadecan Hexadecan Heptadecan Octadecan Nonadecan Eicosan Heneicosan Docosan Dotetracontan Tritetracontan Pentacontan Hexacontan Heptacontan Octacontan Nonacontan

Gio khoa ha hu c

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Tetratriacontan Petatriacontan Tetracontan Hentetracontan C100H202 C124H250 C132H266 C155H312

Bin son: V Hng Thi

C34H70 C35H72 C40H82 C41H84

Hectan Tetracosahectan Dotriacontahectan Pentapentacontahectan

Nn thuc tn ca 10 ankan u, t C1 n C10 c tn ca cc cht hu c thng gp (c mch cacbon t 1 nguyn t C n 10 nguyn t C).

Nguyn tc chung c tn ankan v dn xut:

Chn mch chnh l mch cacbon lin tc di nht. Cc nhm khc gn vo mch chnh coi l cc nhm th gn vo ankan c mch cacbon di nht ny. Khi c th c tn ca cc nhm th trc, c s ch v tr ca cc nhm th t pha trc hoc pha sau, c nh s nh, ri mi n tn ca ankan mch chnh sau. Nu ankan cha s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t 4 v khng phn nhnh th thm tip u ng n- (normal- thng thng). Nu 2 nhm th ging nhau th thm tip u ng iNu 3........................................................................triNu 4........................................................................tetraNu 5........................................................................pentaNu 6........................................................................hexa- ...

Sau y l tn ca mt s nhm th thuc gc hirocacbon v mt s nhm th thng gp: CH3 (H3C ; Me ) Metyl CH3-CH2-CH2 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2 CH3-CH2-CH CH3 CH3-CH-CH2 CH3 n-propyl CH3-CH CH3 n- Butyl Sec-butyl Isobutyl CHC CH3 CH3-C CH3 n-Pentyl, n-Amyl Isopentyl, Isoamyl Isopropyl Etinyl Tert-butyl CH3-CH2 (C2H5 ; Et ) Etyl

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2 CH3-CH-CH2-CH2 CH3

Gio khoa ha hu c

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Bin son: V Hng Thi

CH3 CH3-CH2-C CH3

CH3-C-CH2 CH3

CH3 Neopentyl, Neoamyl

Tert-pentyl, Tert-amyl Metylen C6H5 Phenyl

CH2 CH2-CH2 F CH-CH2 Cl CH3

Etylen Flo (Fluoro) Propylen Clo (Cloro)

Br Brom (Bromo) Benzyl C6H5-CH2 CH2=CH CH2=CH-CH2 CH2=C CH3 Th d: Butan Metylbutan CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3 CH3-C-CH3 CH3 CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 Isopentan CH3 Vinyl

I O2N Nitro

Iot (Iodo)

Alyl H2N Isopropenyl HO Hiroxi Amino

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH-CH3 Isobutan n-Pentan 2-Metylbutan

n2-

2,2-imetylpropan Neopentan

Gio khoa ha hu c

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Bin son: V Hng Thi

CH3 CH3-C-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3 CH3 CH2-CH3

2,2-imetyl-4-etylhexan

CH3-CH-CH2-C-CH3 CH3 CH3

CH3 2,2,4-Trimetylpentan Isooctan

CH3 CH3 Br CH2 Cl CH2 CH3 - C- CH - C - C - CH3 2,3,6-Trimetyl-3-brom-5-clo-5-nitroCH3- CH NO2 CH2 - CH3 4,6-ietyloctan CH3 C th c tn nhm th theo th t t nhm nh n nhm ln (nhm nh c trc, nhm ln c sau, nh nhm metyl (CH3, nh), c trc, nhm etyl (CH3-CH2, ln), c sau; hoc theo th t vn a, b, c (vn a c trc, vn b c sau, nh nhm etyl c trc, nhm metyl c sau). Tuy c nhm trc sau khc nhau nhng s vit ra cng mt CTCT nn chp nhn c.

Ghi ch G.1. ng phn

ng phn l hin tng cc cht c cng CTPT nhng do cu to ha hc khc nhau, nn c tnh cht khc nhau.
Th d: C4H10 c hai ng phn: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 ; n-Butan t0s = -0,50C C2H6O c hai ng phn: CH3-CH2-OH ; Ru etylic t0s = 780C, cht lng Phn ng vi Na CH3-CH-CH3 CH3 Isobutan t0s = -120C CH3-O-CH3 imetyl ete t0s = 240C, cht kh Khng phn ng vi Na CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 CH3 Isobutan t0s = 280C CH3 CH3-C-CH3 CH3 Neopentan t0s = 9,50C

C5H12 c ba ng phn: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 n-Pentan t0s = 360C

CH4 c 1 P ; C2H6 c 1 P ; C3H8 c 1 P ; C4H10 c 2 P ; C5H12 c 3 P ; C6H14 c 5 P; C7H16 c 9 P; C8H18 c 18 P; C9H20 c 35 P; C10H22 c 75 P;

Gio khoa ha hu c

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Bin son: V Hng Thi

C20H42 c 366 319 P; C30H62 c 4,11.109 P (4 triu v 110 triu P); c 62 491 178 805 831 P (6,249.1013 P ).

C40H82

Trn y l s ng phn theo l thuyt v hin nay s hp cht hu c bit c t hn 10 triu hp cht

G.2. Trong cng mt dy ng ng, nhit si cc cht tng dn theo chiu tng khi lng phn t cc cht.
Th d: Nhit si cc cht tng dn nh sau: CH4 < CH3-CH3 < CH3-CH2-CH3 < CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 < CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 (-420C) (-0,50C) (360) (-1640C) (-890C) H-COOH < CH3-COOH < CH3-CH2-COOH < CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH (118,10C) (141,10C) (163,50C) (100,40C)

G.3.

Gia cc ankan ng phn, ng phn no c mch cacbon cng phn nhnh th s c nhit si cng thp. C th p dng nguyn tc ny cho cc cht hu c ng khc. Nguyn nhn l khi cng phn nhnh th lm thu gn phn t li, t b phn cc hn, nn lm gim lc ht gia cc phn t (lc ht Van der Waals) nh th, n d si hn. t0s CH3-CH-CH3 < t0s CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3 (-120C) (-0,50C) t
0

Th d:

CH3 CH3-C-CH3 < t0s CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 < t0s CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3 CH3 (9,50C) (280C) (360C)

Bi tp 10 C7H16 c 9 ng phn. Vit CTCT cc ng phn v c tn cc ng phn ny. Bi tp 10 C6H14 c 5 ng phn. Vit CTCT v c tn cc ng phn ny. Bi tp 11 -120C ; -0,50C ; 9,50C ; 280C ; 360C ; 600C ; 690C ; 980C ; 1260C l nhit si ca cc cht sau y (khng theo th t): n-Pentan; Isobutan; Isohexan; nOctan; n-Butan; n-Hexan; Isopentan; n-Heptan v Neopentan. Hy chn nhit si thch hp cho tng cht. Bi tp 11 Sp theo th t nhit si tng dn ca cc cht sau y:

Gio khoa ha hu c

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n-Octan; n-Heptan;

Bin son: V Hng Thi

2-Metylhexan; 2,2-imetylpentan; Hexan; Neopentan v Isobutan.

Neohexan;

n-Pentan; n-

II.4. Tnh cht ha hc II.4.1. Phn ng chy

CnH2n +2 + (
Ankan

3n + 1 )O2 2

t0

nCO2 + (n + 1)H2O
(n mol) (n + 1) mol

Lu Trong cc loi hirocacbon, ch c ankan (hay parafin) khi t chy to s mol nc ln hn s mol kh cacbonic hay th tch ca hi nc ln hn th tch kh CO2 (cc th tch o trong cng iu kin v nhit v p sut). Cc loi hirocacbon khc khi t chy u s mol H2O s mol CO2.

Bi tp 12 t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X, thu c CO2 v hi nc c t l th tch l VCO2 : VH2O = 4 : 5 (cc th tch o trong cng nhit v p sut). a. Xc nh CTPT v vit cc CTCT c th c ca X. b. So sanh nhiet o soi gia cac ong phan nay. S: C4H10 Bi tp 12 t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon A, thu c 44,8 lt CO2 (ktc) v 43,2 gam H2O. a. Xc nh CTPT ca A. b. So snh nhit si cc ng phn ca A v c tn cc ng phn ny. (H = 1 ; O = 16) S: C5H12 II.4.2. Phn ng th Phn ng th l phn ng trong mt nguyn t hay mt nhm nguyn t ca phn t ny c thay th bi mt nguyn t hay mt nhm nguyn t ca phn t kia.
Th d: CH4 + Cl2
nh sng
H2SO4()

CH3Cl + HCl C6H5-NO2 + H2O

C6H5-H + HNO3

Tnh cht ha hc c bn ca ankan l tham gia phn ng th vi halogen, ch yu l Cl2, vi s hin din ca nh sng khuch tn hay un nng. Nu dng Cl2 d v thi gian phn ng lu th ln lt cc nguyn t H ca ankan c thay th ht bi Cl (ca Cl2). CnH2n + 2 + X2 askt CnH2n + 1X + HX
Ankan Halogen Dn xut monohalogen ca ankan Hiro halogenua

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+ X2
askt

Bin son: V Hng Thi

CnH2n + 1X Th d:
Metan

CnH2n X2 Dn xut ihalogen ca ankan

HX ....

CH4

+ + Cl2
askt

Clo

Cl2 Cl2

askt Clometan, Metyl clorua

CH3Cl

+ + + HCl HCl

HCl HCl

Hidro clorua

CH3Cl CH2Cl2 CHCl3 + + Cl2

askt iclometan, Metylen clorua

CH2Cl2

CHCl3 askt Triclometan, Cloroform CCl4 + Tetraclometan, Cacbon tetraclorua

Ghi ch G.1. Dn xut monohalogen ca ankan l mt loi hp cht hu c trong mt nguyn t H ca ankan c thay th bi nguyn t halogen X. Dn xut monohalogen ca ankan c cng thc dng tng qut l CnH2n + 1X. G.2. Dn xut ihalogen ca ankan l mt loi hp cht hu c trong hai nguyn t H ca ankan c thay th bi hai nguyn t halogen X. Dn xut ihalogen ca ankan c cng thc tng qut l CnH2nX2. G.3. C ch phn ng l din tin ca phn ng. Kho st c ch phn ng l xem t cc tc cht u, phn ng tri qua cc giai on trung gian no thu c cc sn phm sau cng. G.4. Phn ng th H ca ankan bi halogen X (ca X2) l mt phn ng th dy chuyn theo c ch gc t do. Phn ng tri qua ba giai on: Khi mch, Pht trin mch v Ngt mch.
Th d: Kho st c ch ca phn ng: CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl

askt

Giai on 1 (Giai on khi mch, khi mo): C s to gc t do Cl Cl-Cl as 2Cl Giai on 2 (Giai on pht trin mch): Cl + do metyl) CH3 + Cl2
on ngt mch).

CH4 CH3Cl +

HCl Cl

CH3 (gc t

...............(Tip tc lp i lp li nh trn cho n khi kt thc phn ng, giai

Giai on 3 (Giai on ngt mch, ct mch, t mch, tt mch): Cc gc t do kt hp, khng cn gc t do, phn ng ngng (kt thc):

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CH3Cl Cl2 CH3-CH3

Cl Cl CH3

G.5. Bc ca cacbon: Ngi ta chia cacbon bc 1, bc 2, bc 3, bc 4. Bc ca cacbon bng s gc cacbon lin kt vo cacbon ny bng cc lin kt n. C trong CH4 l cacbon bc 1. Th d: I CH3
I II III IV I I

CH3

CH2

CH
I

C
I

CH3

CH4

CH3

CH3

G.6. Nguyn t H lin kt bc cao ca ankan d c th bi halogen X2 (nht l Br2) hn so vi H lin kt vo cacbon bc thp.
Th d:
I II I

CH3-CH2-CH3 (1mol)

+ Br2 (1mol)

as hay t0

CH3-CH-CH3 Br (SP chnh)

+ HBr

CH3-CH2-CH2-Br (SP ph)

I III II I
0

HBr

CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 + Br2 t + HBr CH3 (1mol) (1mol) (SP chnh) Bi tp 13 t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon A cn dng 5,376 lt O2 (ktc). Cho sn phm chy hp th ht vo nc vi trong d, ta thu c 15 gam kt ta mu mu trng. a. Xc nh CTPT ca A. b. A tc dng Cl2 theo t l mol 1 : 1 th ch thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Xc nh CTCT ca A. c. So snh nhit si gia cc ng phn ca A. (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; O = 16 ; Ca = 40) S: C5H12

Br CH3-C-CH2-CH3 CH3

Bi tp 13 t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X cn dng 70 lt khng kh (ktc). Cho sn phm chy hp th vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thu c 78,8 gam kt ta.

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Xc nh CTCT v c tn ca X, bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l mol 1 : 1 ch thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Khng kh gm 20% O2, 80% N2 theo th tch. (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; O = 16 ; Ba = 137) S: C8H18

II.4.3. Phn ng nhit phn

CnH2n + 2
t0 cao (> 10000C, Khng c O2)

nC +

(n + 1)H2

II.4.4. Phn ng cracking

Phn ng cracking l phn ng lm chuyn ha mt hirocacbon c khi lng phn t ln trong du m thnh cc hirocacbon c khi lng phn t nh hn, m ch yu l bin mt ankan thnh mt ankan khc v mt anken c khi lng phn t nh hn. Phn ng cracking c mc ch to nhiu nhin liu xng, du v xng, du c cht lng tt hn cho ng c t du m khai thc c.
Ankan (Parafin)

CnH2n + 2

Cracking (t0 , p , xt)

Ankan (Parafin) (n < n)

CnH2n + 2

C(n - n)H2(n - n)
Anken (Olefin) (n- n 2)

Th d:
CH3-CH2-CH3
Propan
Cracking

CH4

Metan

CH2=CH2

Eten (Etilen)

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
n-Butan

CH4
Cracking

CH2= CH-CH3 + CH2=CH2

CH3-CH3 CH4 +

CH3-CH-CH3 CH3
Isobutan

Cracking

CH2=CH-CH3

CH4

CH2=CH- CH2-CH3
Cracking

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
n- pentan

CH3-CH3

+ CH2=CH-CH3

CH2=CH2 + CH3-CH2-CH3 CH2=CH2 + CH4 + CH2=CH2 + CH2=C-CH3 CH3 CH3-CH3 + CH2=CH-CH3 CH2=CH2 + CH3-CH2-CH3 CH4

CH3-CH2-CH-CH3

Cracking

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CH3
Isopentan

CH3-C-CH3 CH3
Neopentan

CH3
Cracking

CH2=CH2 + CH4 + CH2=CH2 CH4 + CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 CH4 + CH3-CH=CH-CH3 CH4

Metan

CH2=C-CH3 CH3
Isobutilen

Bi tp 14 Vit cc phng trnh phn ng cracking c th c ca n-hexan. Bit rng ch c s to ankan, anken v ankan t 3 nguyn t cacbon tr ln trong phn t u b cracking. Bi tp 14 Vit cc phn ng cracking c th c ca isohexan. Coi s cracking ch to parafin, olefin v cc parafin cha s nguyn t C trong phn t ln hn 3 u b cracking. Bi tp 14 Vit cc phn ng cracking c th c ca 3-metylpentan. Coi sn phm cracking ch gm ankan v anken. Ankan cha t 3 nguyn t C tr ln trong phn t u b cracking.

II.5. ng dng II.5.1. T metan iu ch c axetilen

2CH4
15000C ; Lm lnh nhanh

C2H2

3H2

II.5.2. T metan iu ch anehit fomic (fomanehit)

+ H2O CH4 + O2
Nit oxit ; 6000C - 8000C

H-CHO

II.5.3. T ankan iu ch anken, ankan khc (Thc hin phn ng cracking)

CnH2n + 2
Ankan
Cracking (t , xt , p)

Ankan (n < n)

CnH2n + 2

C(n - n)H2(n - n)
Anken

Th d: CH3-CH2-CH3
Propan
Cracking

CH4

+ +

Metan

CH2=CH2
Etilen

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
n-Butan

CH4
Cracking

CH2=CH-CH3
Propen

Metan

CH3-CH3
Etan

CH2=CH2
Etilen

II.5.4. T ankan c th iu ch cc hp cht c nhm chc tng ng, theo s sau:

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R-CH3
Ankan

Cl2 , as

Dn xut clo

R-CH2-Cl R-COOH

dd NaOH, t0

R-CH2-OH
Ru bc 1

CuO , t0

R-CHO
Anehit

O2 , Mn2+

R-OH , H2SO4() , t0

R-C-O-R O
Este

Axit hu c

Th d: CH3-CH3
Etan

Cl2 + + +

askt

Clo

Etyl clorua, Clo etan

CH3-CH2-Cl

HCl
Hiro clorua

CH3-CH2-Cl CH3-CH2-OH CH3- CHO

NaOH
Dung dch xt

t0

CH3-CH2-OH
Ru etylic

+ Cu
ng

NaCl
Natri clorua

CuO
ng (II) oxit

t0

CH3-CHO
Mn2+

Anehit axetic

+ H2O

Nc

1/2O2
Oxi

CH3-COOH
Axit axetic

CH3-COOH + CH3-CH2-OH

H2SO4 , t0

CH3-COO-CH2-CH3 + H2O

II.5.5. T n-butan iu ch 1,3-butaien (T iu ch cc loi cao su nhn to: Buna-S, Buna-N)

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
n-Butan
t0 , xt

CH2=CH-CH=CH2
1,3-Butaien

Hiro

2H2

II.5.6. T isopentan iu ch ch isopren (T iu ch cao su isopren)

CH3-CH2-CH-CH3 CH3
t0 , xt

Isopentan (2-Metyl butan)

Isopren (2-Metyl-1,3-buien)

CH2=CH-C=CH2 CH3

2H2
Hiro

II.5.7. T n-hexan iu ch benzen

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
n-Hexan
t0 , xt

C6H 6

Benzen

Hiro

4H2

II.5.8. T n-heptan iu ch toluen

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
n- Heptan
t0 , xt

Toluen (Metylbenzen)

C6H5-CH3

Hiro

4H2

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II.6. iu ch (Ch yu l iu ch metan) II.6.1. Trong cng nghip

Trong cng nghip, metan (CH4) c ly t:

+ +

Kh thin nhin: Khong 95% th tch kh thin nhin l metan. Phn cn li l cc hirocacbon C2H6, C3H8, C4H10,... Kh m du (Kh ng hnh): Kh m du nm bn trn trong m du. Khong 40% th tch kh m du l metan. Phn cn li l cc hirocacbon c khi lng phn t ln hn nh C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, Kh cracking du m: Kh cracking du m l sn phm ph ca qu trnh cracking du m, gm cc hirocacbon c khi lng phn t nh, trong ch yu gm metan (CH4), etilen (C2H4), Kh l cc (Kh thp, Kh to ra do s chng ct than ): 25% th tch kh l cc l metan, 60% th tch l hiro (H2), phn cn li gm cc kh nh CO, CO2, NH3, N2, C2H4, hi benzen (C6H6), Kh sinh vt (Biogas): Kh sinh vt ch yu l metan (CH4). Kh sinh vt c to ra do s phn sc vt (heo, tru b,) trong cc hm y kn. Vi s hin din cc vi khun ym kh (k kh), chng to men xc tc cho qu trnh bin cc cn b cht hu c to thnh metan. Kh metan thu c c th dng un nu, thp sng. Phn b cn li khng cn hi thi, cc mm bnh, trng sn li cng b h, khng cn gy tc hi, l loi cht hu c hoai, c dng lm phn bn rt tt. Nh vy, vic phn sc vt, nhm to biogas, va cung vp nng lng, va to thm phn bn, ng thi trnh c s lm nhim mi trng, nn s phn sc vt to biogas c rt nhiu tin li.

+ Thc hin phn ng cracking du m: Thu c cc ankan c khi lng phn t nh hn (v cc anken). CnH2n + 2
Ankan
Cracking

Ankan nho hn

CnH2n + 2

Cn - nH2(n - n)
Anken

Th d:

CH3-CH2-CH3

Cracking

CH4

CH2=CH2

II.6.2. Trong phng th nghim Trong phng th nghim, metan c iu ch t:

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+ Nung mui natri axetat vi vi ti - xt (hn hp NaOH - Ca(OH)2, co the

CaO - NaOH) CH3COONa(r) + NaOH(r)
Voi toi - Xut, t0

Natri axetat Natri cacbonat (Xoa)

Xut ran (trong voi toi - Xut)

CH4

Na2CO3(r)

Metan

Ca(OH)2 hay CaO ngan khong cho phan ng gia thuy tinh (SiO2) cua ong nghiem vi NaOH lam thung ong nghiem: SiO2 + 2NaOH Na2SiO3 + H2O

Tong quat:
Hirocacbon

RCOONa(r) + NaOH(r)
Natri

Voi toi - Xut, t0

RH

Na2CO3
Xut

cacboxilat

(ran)

Th du: CH3-CH2-COONa(r) + NaOH(r)

Etan Natri propionat
Voi toi - Xut, t0

CH3-CH3

+ Na2CO3

Xut (ran)

ac biet: H-COONa(r) + NaOH(r)

Natri fomiat
Voi toi - Xut, t0

Hiro
Voi toi - Xut, t0

H2

Na2CO3

NaOOC-CH2-COONa(r) + 2NaOH(r)
Metan Natri

CH4 + 2Na2CO3

malonat

Muoi nhom cacbua tac dung vi nc Al4C3 + 12H2O 3CH4 +

Metan

Nhom cacbua

Nc

4Al(OH)3

Nhom hiroxit

Nc ay c metan ra khoi nhom cacbua th ng nhien axit cung ay c metan ra khoi muoi nhom cacbua. Al4C3 + 12H+
Axit

3CH4 3CH4

+ +

4Al3+
Muoi nhom

Th du:

Al4C3

12HCl

4AlCl3

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Axit Clohiric Nhom clorua

Bin son: V Hng Thi

Al4C3 Al4C3
Nhom Axetat

Axit sunfuric

6H2SO4

3CH4 3CH4

Nhom sunfat

2Al2(SO4)3 4Al(CH3COO)3

+ 12 CH3COOH

Axit

Axetic

S d H2O ay c metan ra khoi nhom cacbua v H2O co tnh axit manh hn metan. Dung nc ay c metan ra khoi nhom cacbua, th khong nen dung axit, v axit at tien hn so vi nc, hn na axit nguy hiem, phai can than khi s dung chung. + Tong hp trc tiep t cacbon (C) va hiro (H2), co Niken (Ni) lam xuc tac 5000C C
Cacbon

Hiro

2H2

Ni, 5000C

Metan

CH4

Nhom cacbua co the ieu che t: 9C + 2Al2O3 4Al + 3C

t0 cao (20000C)

Al4C3 Al4C3

+ 6CO

t0 cao

Bai tap 15 Viet CTCT va goi ten cac ong phan ankan A cha 16% hiro theo khoi lng trong phan t. (C = 12 ; H = 1) S: C7H16 Bai tap 15 Viet CTCT va goi ten cac ong phan cua ankan X cha 83,72% cacbon theo khoi lng. (C = 12 ; H = 1) S: C6H14 Bai tap 16 Mot hirocacbon A the kh. Bon the tch A co cung khoi lng vi mot the tch kh sunfur (SO2), cac the tch o trong cung ieu kien ve nhiet o va ap suat. a. Xac nh CTPT cua A va hay cho biet cong thc chung day ong ang cua A. b. Xac nh CTCT cac ong ang X, Y, Z cua A. Biet rang: + X cha 80% khoi lng cacbon trong phan t.

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+ Y co 16,66% H theo khoi lng trong phan t. + Z co t khoi hi so vi X bang 1,933. (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; S = 32 ; O = 16) S: CH4 ; C2H6 ; C5H12 ; C4H10 Bai tap 16 Mot hirocacbon dang kh X co the tch bang mot na the tch khong kh co cung khoi lng trong cung ieu kien ve nhiet o va ap suat. a. Xac nh CTPT cua X. So sanh nhiet o soi cac ong phan cua X. b. Xac nh CTPT cac chat A, B, D ong ang vi X. Biet rang: + A cha 18,18% H theo khoi lng trong phan t. + B cha 84,21% C trong phan t. + D co t khoi so vi heli bang 7,5. (C = 12 ; H = 1 ; He = 4) S: C4H10 ; C3H8 ; C8H18 ; C2H6 Bai tap 17 Tron 10cm3 mot hirocacbon X the kh vi 80cm3 oxi, roi ot chay hon ton X. Sau khi lam lanh e hi nc ngng tu roi a ve ieu kien ban au th the tch kh con lai la 55cm3, trong o 40cm3 b hut bi KOH, phan con lai b hut bi photpho trang. Tm CTPT cua X. Tm t le the tch gia X vi oxi e tao hon hp no manh nhat. Cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan. Th tch cc kh o trong cng iu kin v nhit . S: C4H10 ; 2 : 13 Bai tap 17 Tron 15ml hirocacbon A dang kh vi 100ml O2 roi bat tia la ien e ot chay hoan toan. Sau phan ng chay thu c 70ml hon hp kh (sau khi a cho hi nc ngng tu). Trong o co 25ml kh b hut bi photpho trang co d, con lai la mot kh b hut bi CaO. Xac nh CTPT, CTCT cua A va tm t le the tch gia A vi khng kh e tao hon hp no manh nhat. Cho biet the tch cac kh tren o trong cung ieu kien ve nhiet o va ap suat. Khng kh cha 20% O2 theo th tch. S: C3H8 ; 1 : 25 Bai tap 18 T kh thien nhien, viet cac phng trnh phan ng ieu che: Cao su Buna; Cao su Buna-S; Cao su Cloropren; Cao su Buna-N. Co san Stiren (C6H5-CH=CH2), Nitrinacrilic (CH2=CH-CN), cac chat vo c, xuc tac. Bai tap 18

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T n-Butan va isopentan lay t dau mo co the ieu che cac loai cao su nhan tao: Buna; Isopren; Buna-N; Buna-S; Clopropren. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng. Stiren, Acrilonitin, chat vo c, xuc tac co san.

CU HI N PHN II
1. Hay cho biet cong thc va ten cua ba hirocacbon ma ieu kien thng chung hien dien dang kh, long va ran (moi chat ng vi moi trang thai ton tai khac nhau). 2. Co the co cac hirocacbon sau ay dang mach thang hay khong: C3H8; C4H2; C5H2; C6H13; C20H30; C30H66; CH2; CH3; CH6; C80H160; C100H10; C101H4; C9H17; C13H28; C11H4; C13H4; C50H50; C50H51; C16H2; C16H3; C16H4; C16H34; C16H36; C17H2; C17H2; C17H4; C17H17; C17H34; C17H38? 3. Co the co cac hirocacbon co cac khoi lng phan t sau ay hay khong: 14; 15; 29; 80; 87; 120; 101; 20; 35; 200; 133? (Neu cacbon va hiro ch gom cac ong v 12 1 6 C va 1 H ) 4. Hay cho biet CTPT, CTCT va ten cua bon hirocacbon co khoi lng phan t nho nhat. 5. Hon hp A gom hai hirocacbon ong ang lien tiep. 2,24 lt hon hp kh A (ktc) co khoi lng la 2,58 gam. Xac nh cong thc hai hirocacbon nay. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi cht trong hn hp A. (C = 12 ; H = 1) S: 18,60% CH4 ; 81,40% C2H6 6. Hon hp X gom hai hidrocacbon ong ang lien tiep. Mot mol hon hp X co khoi lng 24,96 gam. Xac nh ten va tnh phan tram khoi lng moi chat co trong hon hp X. (C = 12 ; H = 1) S: 23,08% CH4 ; 76,92% C2H6 7. ong ang la g? Day ong ang la g? Hay cho th du hai day ong ang, moi day gom nam chat lien tiep nhau. Hai the tch bang nhau cua hai hirocacbon dang kh khi chay het tao lng nc bang nhau. Hai hidrocacbon tren co the la hai chat ong ang nhau khong? Cho biet the tch hai kh tren o trong cung ieu kien ve nhiet o va ap suat.

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8. ong phan la g? Nguyen nhan chnh gay ra hien tng phan la g? A la mot ankan. ot chay 1 mol A thu c 5 mol CO2. Xac nh CTCT cac ong phan cua A. oc ten va so sanh nhiet o soi gia cac ong phan tren. 9. Phan ng the la g? A la mot hirocacbon co CTPT C8H18. A tac dung vi kh clo theo t le mol 1: 1, ch tao mot dan xuat clo duy nhat. Xac nh CTCT cua A. Viet phan ng xay ra, oc ten cac tac chat, san pham. 10. Phan ng chay la g? Viet phan ng chay dang tong quat cua ankan (CnH2n + 2); Anken (CnH2n); Ankin (CnH2n -2); Ankaien (CnH2n - 2 ); Aren ong ang benzen (CnH2n - 6). Nhan xet t le so mol gia CO2 vi H2O thu c sau phan ng chay ng vi tng loai hirocacbon tren. 11. Phan ng nhiet phan la g? X, Y, Z la ba hirocacbon. Y nhieu hn X mot nguyen t cacbon, Z nhieu hn Y mot nguyen t cacbon trong CTPT. X, Y, Z co ong ang vi nhau khong? Biet rang moi hirocacbon tren em nhiet phan th eu tao so mol kh hiro gap 3 lan so mol moi hirocacbon em nhiet phan. Xac nh CTPT cua X, Y, Z neu X la mot parafin. 12. C che phan ng la g? Giai thch c che phan ng: CH4 + Cl2 as CH3Cl + HCl 13. Phan ng cracking la g? Thc hien phan ng cracking nham muc ch g? Viet cac phan ng cracking co the co cua isopentan, oc ten cac san pham thu c. Coi phan ng cracking ch tao ra ankan va anken. 14. ot chay hoan toan a gam hon hp hai ankan A, B, hn kem nhau k nguyen t cacbon trong phan t, th thu c b gam kh cacbonic. Hay tm khoang xac nh cua so nguyen t cacbon trong phan t ankan cha t nguyen t cacbon hn theo a, b, k. (C = 12 ; H =1 ; O =16) (Bo e tuyen sinh ai hoc mon hoa) b b S: k < nC < 22a 7b 22a 7b 15. Hon hp A gom mot ankan va mot anken. ot chay hon hp A th thu c a mol a H2O va b mol CO2. Hoi t le T = co gia tr trong khoang nao? b (Bo e tuyen sinh ai hoc mon hoa) S: 1 < T < 2

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Bin son: V Hng Thi

16. Neu hon hp X gom hai hirocacbon ma khi ot chay cho so mol CO2 bang so mol H2O th hon hp o cha cac loai hirocacbon nao? (Ankan, Anken, Ankaien, Ankin hay Aren ong ang benzen?) (Bo e tuyen sinh ai hoc mon hoa)