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SIM Presentation 2008a
SIM Presentation 2008a
approach to help students in upper elementary, middle, high school, and higher ed to become independent and successful learners
preteens/teens were low achieving, did not generalize learning, had narrow social skills i.e., did not problem solve for academic, social, or self-management tasks
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SIM
consists of both learning strategies (for students) and content enhancement routines (for teachers)
traditional methods with increasingly less payoff (eg., remedial, study skills) or increasing costs (eg., tutorial, compensatory), thus poor (i.e., nonstrategic) learners were set up to fail
Learning
Strategies viewed as cognitive behavior modification, integrating metacognitive strategies with behavioral supports Why? Each approach by itself doesnt have
the payoff that a combined approach does all learners benefit from BOTH structure, stimuli, and reinforcement along with selfquestioning, transformational language, and meaning connections
Read a paragraph. Transformational language Ask yourself what were the main idea and details. Put the main idea & details in your own words.
Each step begin with an action or behavior (covert or overt) Triggers what to do (stimuli) Simple, easy to follow
Based
LEARNING STRATEGIES
Teach students how to approach an academic or a social task Teach students how to learn and perform independently Are not basic or study skills but more a series of problem-solving steps Only 1 or 2 might be considered core curriculum but only in a short-term, intensive sense
WORD IDENTIFICATION STRATEGY students decode and identify unknown multisyllable words in their reading materials. PARAPHRASING STRATEGY read short passages, identify the main idea and key details, and rephrase those in their own words. VOCABULARY STRATEGY learn the meaning of new vocabulary words using powerful memoryenhancement techniques. FIRST-LETTER MNEMONIC STRATEGY identify lists they need to learn, generate a label or title, select a mnemonic device for each set of information, create a study card, and master the set for recall.
8 instructional stages that help cement learning (half require mastery): Pretest & gain commitment to learn Describe (when/where, steps to use) Model (show what its use looks like) Verbal rehearsal (automatic level) Guided practice with feedback Independent practice with feedback Posttest and commitment to generalize 3 phases of generalization (orientation, activation, maintenance) with feedback
3.
Read a paragraph. Ask yourself, what were the main idea and details in the paragraph? Put the main idea and details in your own words.
RAP (contd)
Cue
cards teach couple of strategies for identifying main ideas (first sentence in paragraph, repeated word or phrase) for paraphrase also taught: one general idea per passage, important information, complete thought, etc.
Criteria
RAP (contd)
Go through the 8 instructional stages. First 4 stages best done in small group, but other configurations very possible. Next 4 stages can be individualized, self-paced. Stage 4 (verbal rehearsal) starts the mastery criteria necessary to proceed to next stage. Working through to Generalization Stage very important for real application later
PENS (contd)
Cue cards teach components of a complete sentence: 1. Start with a capital letter 2. Have end punctuation (. ? !) 3. Have a subject (S) 4. Have a verb (V) 5. Make sense S V .?!
Teach
Fundamentals in Sentence Writing first, in order for students to acquire basic grammatical skills Students eventually learn 14 different sentence formulae, from SV to I,cD Students progress from identifying parts of sentences to choosing them to generating them
a known concept to help learners grasp a difficult-to-learn new concept Works across any content area Teacher needs to guide students to select known concepts that can work fairly easily (eg., learning the parts of the eye is like learning the parts of a camera)
Level 1: Enhanced content instruction Level 2: Embedded strategy instruction Level 3: Intensive strategy instruction Level 4: Intensive basic skill instruction Level 5: Therapeutic intervention
Motivation strategies Team collaboration strategies Building learning communities Communication strategies between teachers and students E-learning opportunities Summer and regional conferences Many other emerging works based on extensive, school-based research
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For
For
training in New Mexico, contact: Ginger Blalock blalock@unm.edu Kristi Noel kknoel@comcast.net (plus have info on group in El Paso)