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, SANGANER
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
A PRACTICAL TRAINING SEMINAR REPORT ON RAJASTHAN RAJYA VIDHUT PRASARAN NIGAM LIMITED 220 KV G.S.S., SANGANER
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
SUBMITTED BY: BHAGWAN MEENA ELECTRICAL ENGG. (7TH SEM) ROLL NO. 7EE 20 ENROLLMENT NO.-0105080296
CANDIDATES DECLARATION I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the report entitled RAJASTHAN RAJYA VIDHUT PRASARAN NIGAM LIMITED 220 KV G.S.S., SANGANER by BHAGWAN MEENA in partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of degree of B.Tech. (4th year, Electrical Engg.) submitted in the Department of Electrical Engg. at Jaipur National University, Jaipur is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from 13-06-2011 to 28-07-2011 under the supervision of Mr. K.K. MEENA (Executive Engg. of GSS, Sanganer, Jaipur) and Mr. K.C. YADAV (Asst. Engg. of GSS, Sanganer, Jaipur).
The B.Tech (3rd year, Electrical Engg.) seminar presentation of BHAGWAN MEENA has been held on and accepted.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is mandatory for all students to undertake a practical training after 3rd year in any of the relevant electrical companies, generating stations or G.S.S. First of all I would like to convey my sincere thanks to Mr. DEVENDRA DODA, Lecturer of Electrical. Deptt. and Mr. VISHWASH KUMAR, Lecturer of Electrical Deptt. for recommendation to 220 KV , G.S.S. SANGANER training program. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude towards all those people who helped me successfully complete this summer training. I am especially grateful to Mr. K.K.MEENA (Executive Engg.) and Mr. K.C. YADAV (Asst. Engg) for providing me their elusive guidance during my training. I would also like to offer my sincere thanks to all those staff officials for their untiring support and help at various levels.
LIST OF FIGURES
Page No. 220 KV GSS SANGANER SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF 220KV GSS SANGANER (JAIPUR) LIGHTNING ARRESTER
PIN TYPE INSULATOR
1 5 6
11
SUSPENSION TYPE INSULATOR STRAIN TYPE INSULATOR ISOLATOR SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKER
RELAYS
12 12 13 16 17
21
POWER TRANSFORMER RADIATOR WITH FAN BUCHHOLZ RELAY WINDING AND OIL TEMPERATURE INDICATOR SILICA GEL BREATHER CONSERVATOR WITH BUCHHOLZ RELAY AND TANK
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
23 24 25 26 26 27
29
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER CONTROL ROOM IN GSS SANGANER CAPACITOR BANK WAVE TRAP BATTERY ROOM
31 34 36 37 41
CONTENTS
Page No.
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1: 220 KV GSS, SANGANER 1.2: INCOMING FEEDER 1.3: OUTGOING FEEDER Chapter 2: LIGHTNING ARRESTER 2.1: TYPES OF ARRESTERS 2.1.1: ROD/SPHERE GAP 2.1.2: EXPULSION TYPE LA 2.1.3: VALVE TYPE LA Chapter 3: BUS BARS 3.1: TYPES OF BUS BAR ARRANGEMENT 3.1.1: SINGLE BUS BAR ARRANGEMENT 3.1.2: DOUBLE BUS BAR ARRANGEMENT 3.1.3: DOUBLE BUS BAR ARRANGEMENT WITH AUXILIARY BUS Chapter 4: INSULATORS 4.1: TYPES OF INSULATORS
4.1.1: 4.1.2: 4.1.3:
2 3 3 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 11 12 12
Chapter 5: ISOLATORS
13
Chapter 6: CIRCUIT BREAKER 6.1: TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKER 6.1.1: SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER 6.1.2: AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKER 6.1.3: OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER 6.1.4: BULK OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER (MOCB) 6.1.5: MINIMUM OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER Chapter 7: PROTECTIVE RELAYS 7.1: DISTANCE RELAYS 7.2: TYPES OF DISTANCE RELAY 7.2.1: IMPEDANCE RELAY 7.2.2: ADMITTANCE RELAY 7.2.3: REACTANCE RELAY Chapter 8: POWER TRANSFORMER 8.1: WINDINGS 8.2: TANK & FITTINGS 8.3: COOLING EQUIPMENTS 8.4: TRANSFORMER ACCESSORIES 8.4.1: BUCHHOLZ RELAY
15 16 16 17 19 20 20 21 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25
8.4.2: TEMPERATURE INDICATOR 8.4.3: SILICA GEL BREATHER 8.4.4: CONSERVATOR Chapter 9: CURRENT TRANSFORMER Chapter 10: POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER Chapter 11: CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRNSFORMER Chapter 12: CONTROL ROOM 12.1: MEASURING INSTRUMENT USED Chapter 13: CAPACITOR BANK Chapter 14: POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION 14.1: WAVE TRAP Chapter 15: EARTHING OF THE SYSTEM 15.1: PROCEDURE OF EARTHING 15.2: NEUTRAL EARTHING Chapter 16: BATTERY ROOM Chapter 17: RATTINGS
25 26 27 29 31 33 34 35 36 37 37 39 39 40 41 42
CONCLUSION REFERENCES
45 46
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Electrical power is generated, transmitted in the form of alternating current. The electric power produced at the power stations is delivered to the consumers through a large network of transmission & distribution. The transmission network is inevitable long and high power lines are necessary to maintain a huge block of power source of generation to the load centers to inter connected. Power house for increased reliability of supply greater. The assembly of apparatus used to change some characteristics (e.g. voltage, ac to dc, frequency, power factor etc.) of electric supply keeping the power constant is called a substation. An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers. Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer, and may be changed in voltage in several steps.
Fig.1.1 - 220 KV GSS Sanganer [Ref.-7] Page-1 Substations have switching, protection and control equipment and one or more transformers. In a large substation, circuit breaker are used to interrupt any short-circuits or overload currents that may occur on the network.
Depending on the constructional feature, the high voltage substations may be further subdivided:
(a) Outdoor substation (b) Indoor substation (c) Base or Underground substation
220KV GSS SANGANER is an outdoor type primary substation and distribution as well it has not only step down but the distribution work The electrical work in a substation comprises to: 1. Choice of bus bar arrangement layout. 2. Selection of rating of isolator. 3. Selection of rating of instrument transformer. 4. Selection of rating of C.B.
5. Selection of lighting arrester [LA]
6. Selection of rating of power transformer 7. Selection of protective relaying scheme, control and relay boards. 8. Selection of voltage regulator equipment. 9. Design a layout of earthing grids and protection against lightening stockes.
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3) 220 KV K.T.P.S.
1.3)
OUTGOING FEEDERS:
The outgoing feeders are:
A) 132 KV:
1) Durgapura -1 2) Durgapura-2 3) Sanganer 4) Sitapura 5) I.O.C 6) Watika 7) Phagi 8) Malpura gate 9) Mandi Page-3
C) 11KV:
Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Limited (RVPN) a company under the Companies Act, 1956 and registered with Registrar of Companies as "RAJASTHAN RAJYA VIDYUT PRASARAN NIGAM LIMITED" vide No. 17-016485 of 2000-2001 with its Registered Office at VIDYUT BHAWAN, JYOTI NAGAR, JAIPUR-302005 has been established on 19 July, 2000 by Govt. of Rajasthan under the provisions of the Rajasthan Power Sector Reform act 1999 as the successor company of RSEB. The RERC has granted RVPN a license for transmission and bulk supply vide RERC/Transmission and Bulk Supply License 4/2001 dated 30.
Our aim is to provide reliable electric transmission service to these customers. As a public utility whose infrastructure serves as the link in transporting electricity to millions of electricity users, RVPN has following duties and responsibilities: Intra state transmission of electricity through Intra-State Transmission System. Ensuring development of an efficient, co-ordinated and economical system of intra-state transmission of electricity from generating stations to Load Centers. Non-discriminatory Open Access to its transmission system on payment of transmission charges Complying with the directions of RLDC and SLDC, operating SLDC until any other authority is established by the State Govt. Now RVPN is "An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Company" [Ref.-7]
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Fig 1.2: Single Line Diagram of 220KV GSS Sanganer(Jaipur) [Ref.-7] Page-5
Fig.2.1- Lightning arrester [Ref.-7] A lightning arrester (also known as surge diverter) is a device connected between line and earth i.e. in parallel with the over headline, HV equipments and substation to be protected. It is a safety valve which limits the magnitude of lightning and switching over voltages at the substations, over headlines and HV equipments and provides a low resistance path for the surge current to flow to the ground. The practice is also to install lightning arresters at the incoming terminals of the line.
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All the electrical equipments must be protected from the severe damages of lightning strokes. The techniques can be studied under: Protection of transmission line from direct stroke. Protection of power station and sub-station from direct stroke. Protection of electrical equipments from travelling waves.
2.1.1)
provided across the stack of Insulators to permit flash-over when undesirable voltages are impressed of the system.
2.1.2)
Expulsion type LA:- It have two electrodes at each end and consists
of a fiber tube capable of producing a gas when is produced. The gas so evolved blows the arc through the bottom electrode.
2.1.3) Valve type LA:- It consists of a divided spark-gap in series will a non linear
resistor. The divided spark gap consists of a no. of similar elements, each of it two electrode across which are connected high resistor.
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3.1.3) DOUBLE BUS BAR ARRANGEMENTS CONTAINS MAIN BUS WITH AUXILARY BUS :
The double bus bar arrangement provides facility to change over to either bus to carry out maintenance on the other but provide no facility to carry over breaker maintenance. The main and transfer bus works the other way round. It provides facility for carrying out breaker maintenance but does not permit bus maintenance. Whenever maintenance is required on any breaker the circuit is changed over to the transfer bus and is controlled through bus coupler breaker.
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CHAPTER 4 INSULATOR
The insulator for the overhead lines provides insulation to the power conductors from the ground so that currents from conductors do not flow to earth through supports. The insulators are connected to the cross arm of supporting structure and the power conductor passes through the clamp of the insulator. The insulators provide necessary insulation between line conductors and supports and thus prevent any leakage current from conductors to earth. In general, the insulator should have the following desirable properties: High mechanical strength in order to withstand conductor load, wind load etc. High electrical resistance of insulator material in order to avoid leakage currents to earth. High relative permittivity of insulator material in order that dielectric strength is high. High ratio of puncture strength to flash over.
These insulators are generally made of glazed porcelain or toughened glass. Poly come type insulator [solid core] are also being supplied in place of hast insulators if available indigenously. The design of the insulator is such that the stress due to contraction and expansion in any part of the insulator does not lead to any defect. It is desirable not to allow porcelain to come in direct contact with a hard metal screw thread.
4.1.1)
adapted to be mounted on a spindle to be fixed to the cross arm of the supporting structure. When the upper most shell is wet due to rain the lower shells are dry and provide sufficient leakage resistance these are used for transmission and distribution of electric power at voltage up to voltage 33 KV. Beyond operating voltage of 33 KV the pin type insulators thus become too bulky and hence uneconomical.
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4.1.2)
SUSPENSION TYPE:
number of porcelain disc connected in series by metal links in the form of a string. Its working voltage is 66KV. Each disc is designed for low voltage for 11KV.
4.1.3)
shape with the suspension insulators. These strings are placed in the horizontal plane rather than the vertical plane. These insulators are used where line is subjected to greater tension. For low voltage lines (< 11KV) shackle insulator are used as strain insulator.
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CHAPTER 5 ISOLATORS
Isolator" is one, which can break and make an electric circuit in no load condition. These are normally used in various circuits for the purposes of Isolation of a certain portion when required for maintenance etc. Isolation of a certain portion when required for maintenance etc. "Switching Isolators" are capable of
Interrupting transformer magnetized currents Interrupting line charging current Load transfer switching
Page-13 Its main application is in connection with transformer feeder as this unit makes it possible to switch out one transformer, while the other is still on load. The most common type of isolators is the rotating centre pots type in which each phase has three insulator post, with the outer posts carrying fixed contacts and connections while the centre post having contact arm which is arranged to move through 90` on its axis. The following interlocks are provided with isolator: a) Bus 1 and2 isolators cannot be closed simultaneously. b) Isolator cannot operate unless the breaker is open. c) Only one bay can be taken on bypass bus. d) No isolator can operate when corresponding earth switch is on breaker.
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The function of relays and circuit breakers in the operation of a power system is to prevent or limit damage during faults or overloads, and to minimize their effect on the remainder of the system. This is accomplished by dividing the system into protective zones separated by circuit breakers. During a fault, the zone which includes the faulted apparatus is de-energized and disconnected from the system. In addition to its protective function, a circuit breaker is also used for circuit switching under normal conditions. Each having its protective relays for determining the existence of a fault in that zone and having circuit breakers for disconnecting that zone from the system. It is desirable to restrict the amount of system disconnected by a given fault; as for example to a single transformer, line section, machine, or bus section. However, economic considerations frequently limit the number of circuit breakers to those required for normal operation and some compromises result in the relay protection. Some of the manufacturers are ABB, AREVA, Cutler-Hammer (Eaton), Mitsubishi Electric, Pennsylvania Breaker, Schneider Electric, Siemens, Toshiba, Konar HVS and others. Circuit breaker can be classified as "live tank", where the enclosure that contains the breaking mechanism is at line potential, or dead tank with the enclosure at earth potential. Highvoltage AC circuit breakers are routinely available with ratings up to 765,000 volts.
Page-15
6.1) Various types of circuit breakers:6.1.1) SF6 Circuit Breaker 6.1.2) Air Blast Circuit Breaker 6.1.3) Oil Circuit Breaker 6.1.4) Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker (MOCB) 6.1.5) Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker
6.1.1) SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER:Sulphur hexafluoride has proved its-self as an excellent insulating and arc quenching medium. It has been extensively used during the last 30 years in circuit breakers, gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), high voltage capacitors, bushings, and gas insulated transmission lines. In SF6 breakers the contacts are surrounded by low pressure SF6 gas. At the moment the contacts are opened, a small amount of gas is compressed and forced through the arc to extinguish it.
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Advantages:
An air blast circuit breaker has the following advantages over an oil circuit breaker: The risk of fire is eliminated The arcing products are completely removed by the blast whereas the oil deteriorates with successive operations; the expense of regular oil is replacement is avoided The growth of dielectric strength is so rapid that final contact gap needed for arc extinction is very small. this reduces the size of device The arcing time is very small due to the rapid build up of dielectric strength between contacts. Therefore, the arc energy is only a fraction that in oil circuit breakers, thus resulting in less burning of contacts Due to lesser arc energy, air blast circuit breakers are very suitable for conditions where frequent operation is required The energy supplied for arc extinction is obtained from high pressure air and is independent of the current to be interrupted.
Disadvantages:
Air has relatively inferior arc extinguishing properties. Air blast circuit breakers are very sensitive to the variations in the rate of restriking voltage. Considerable maintenance is required for the compressor plant which supplies the air blast Air blast circuit breakers are finding wide applications in high voltage installations. Majority of circuit breakers for voltages beyond 110 kV are of this type. Page-18
The advantages of using oil as an arc quenching medium are: 1. It absorbs the arc energy to decompose the oil into gases, which have excellent cooling properties. 2. It acts as an insulator and permits smaller clearance between live conductors and earthed components. The disadvantages of oil as an arc quenching medium are: 1. Its inflammable and there is risk of fire 2. It may form an explosive mixture with air. 3. The arcing products remain in the oil and it reduces the quality of oil after several operations.
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Page-20
Fig.7.1-Relays [Ref.-7]
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8.1) Windings:
Winding shall be of electrolytic grade copper free from scales & burrs. Windings shall be made in dust proof and conditioned atmosphere. Coils shall be insulated that impulse and power frequency voltage stresses are minimum. Coils assembly shall be suitably supported between adjacent sections by insulating spacers and barriers. Bracing and other insulation used in assembly of the winding shall be arranged to ensure a free circulation of the oil and to reduce the hot spot of the winding. All windings of the transformers having voltage less than 66 kV shall be fully insulated. Tapping shall be so arranged as to preserve the magnetic balance of the transformer at all voltage ratio. All leads from the windings to the terminal board and bushing shall be rigidly supported to prevent injury from vibration short circuit stresses.
This is done by adding the temperature rise due to the heat produced in a heater coil (known as image coil) when a current proportional to that flowing in windings is passed in it to that or top oil. For proper functioning or OTI & WTI it is essential to keep the thermometers pocket clean and filled with oil.
8.4.4) Conservator:
With the variation of temperature there is corresponding variation in the oil volume. To account for this, an expansion vessel called conservator is added to the transformer with a connecting pipe to the main tank. In smaller transformers this vessel is open to atmosphere through dehydrating breathers (to keep the air dry). In larger transformers, an air bag is mounted inside the conservator with the inside of bag open to atmosphere through the breathers and the outside surface of the bag in contact with the oil surface.
No. of transformers
2 2 1 1
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MAKE
Company
220/133 KV, 100MVA X-Mer 1----------------------------------- TELK 220/133KV, 100 MVA X-Mer 2---------------------------------- ALSTOM
132/33 KV, 20/25 MVA X-Mer 1---------------------------------- TELK 132/33 KV, 20/25 MVA X-Mer 2-----------------------------------BBL 132/33 KV, 40/50 MVA X-Mer 3-----------------------------------T&R 132/33 KV, 10/12.5 MVA X-Mer 1---------------------------------EMCO
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As you all know this is the device which provides the pre-decoded fraction of the primary current passing through the line/bus main circuit. Such as primary current 60A, 75A, 150A, 240A, 300A, 400A, to the secondary output of 1A to 5A. Now a day mostly separate current transformer units are used instead of bushing mounting CTs on leveled structure they should be for oil level indication and base should be earthed properly. Care should be taken so that there should be no strain as the terminals. When connecting the jumpers, mostly secondary connections is taken to three unction boxes where star delta formation is connected for three phase and final leads taken to protection /metering scheme. There should be no chance of secondary circuit remaining opens as it leads to extremely high voltage which ultimately damages the CT itself
Page-29
It can be used to supply information for measuring power flows and the electrical inputs for the operation of protective relays associated with the transmission and distribution circuit or for power transformer. These current transformers have the primary winding connected in series with the conductor carrying the current to be measured or controlled. The secondary winding is thus insulated from the high voltage and can then be connected to low voltage metering circuits. Current transformers are also used for street lighting circuits. Street lighting requires a constant current to prevent flickering lights and a current transformer is used to provide that constant current. In this case the current transformer utilizes a moving secondary coil to vary the output so that a constant current is obtained.
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A potential transformer (PT) is used to transform the high voltage of a power line to a lower value, which is in the range of an ac voltmeter or the potential coil of an ac voltmeter.
The voltage transformers are classified as under: Capacitive voltage transformer or capacitive type Electromagnetic type.
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Capacitive voltage transformer is being used more and more for voltage measurement in high voltage transmission network, particularly for systems voltage of 132KV and above where it becomes increasingly more economical. It enables measurement of the line to earth voltage to be made with simultaneous provision for carrier frequency coupling, which has reached wide application in modern high voltage network for tele-metering remote control and telephone communication purpose. The capacitance type voltage transformers are of twp type: Coupling Capacitor type Pushing Type The performance of CVT is affected by the supply frequency switching transient and magnitude of connected Burdon. The CVT is more economical than an electromagnetic voltage transformer when the nominal supply voltage increases above 66KV. The carrier current equipment can be connected via the capacitor of the CVT. There by there is no need of separate coupling capacitor. The capacitor connected in series act like potential dividers, provided, the current taken by burden is negligible compared with current passing through the series connected capacitor.
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A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) is a transformer used in power systems to stepdown extra high voltage signals and provide low voltage signals either for measurement or to operate a protective relay. In its most basic form the device consists of three parts: two capacitors across which the voltage signal is split, an inductive element used to tune the device to the supply frequency and a transformer used to isolate and further step-down the voltage for the instrumentation or protective relay. The device has at least four terminals, a high-voltage terminal for connection to the high voltage signal, a ground terminal and at least one set of secondary terminals for connection to the instrumentation or protective relay. CVTs are typically single-phase devices used for measuring voltages in excess of one hundred kilovolts where the use of voltage transformers would be uneconomical. In practice the first capacitor, C1, is often replaced by a stack of capacitors connected in series. This results in a large voltage drop across the stack of capacitors that replaced the first capacitor and a comparatively small voltage drop across the second capacitor, C2, and hence the secondary terminals.
The porcelain in multi unit stack, all the potentials points are electrically tied and suitably shielded to overcome the effect of corona RIV etc. Capacitive voltage transformers are available for system voltage. [Ref.-4] Page-33
ENERGY METER: To measure the energy transmitted energy meters are fitted to
the panel to different feeders the energy transmitted is recorded after one hour regularly for it MWHr, meter is provided.
12.1.2)
GSS. 12.1.3) FREQUENCY METER: To measure the frequency at each feeder there is the provision of analog or digital frequency meter. 12.1.4) VOLTMETER: It is provided to measure the phase to phase voltage .It is also available in both the analog and digital frequency meter. 12.1.5) AMETER: It is provided to measure the line current. It is also available in both the forms analog as well as digital. 12.1.6) MAXIMUM DEMAND INDICATOR: There are also mounted the control panel to record the average power over successive predetermined period. 12.1.7) MVAR METER: It is to measure the reactive power of the circuit.
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Fig.13.1-Capacitor Bank [Ref.-7] Benefits of using the capacitor bank are many and the reason is that capacitor reduces the reactive current flowing in the whole system from generator to the point of installation. 1 .Increased voltage level at the load 2. Reduced system losses 3. Increase power factor of loading current Page-36
As electronics plays a vital role in the industrial growth, communication is also a backbone of any power stations. Communication between various generating and receiving station is very essential for proper operation of power of power system. This is more in case of large interconnected system where a control leads dispatch station has to co-ordinate the working of various unit to see that the system is maintained in the optimum working condition, power line communication is most economic and reliable method of communication for medium and long distance in power network.
This is relevant in Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) systems for communication among various substations without dependence on the telecom company network. The signals are primarily teleprotection signals and in addition, voice and data communication signals. The Line trap OFFERS HIGH IMPEDANCE TO THE HIGH FREQUENCY COMMUNICATION SIGNALS thus obstructs the flow of these signals in to the substation bus bars. If there were not to be there, then signal loss is more and communication will be ineffective/probably impossible.
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The provision of an earthing system for an electric system is necessary by the following reason. In the event of over voltage on the system due to lightening discharge or other system fault. These parts of equipment, which are normally dead, as for as voltage, are concerned do not attain dangerously high potential.
In a three phase, circuit the neutral of the system is earthed in order to stabilize the potential of circuit with respect to earth.
The resistance of earthing system is depending on: Shape and material of earth electrode used. Depth in the soil.
The neutral earthing is provided for the purpose of protection arcing grounds unbalanced voltages with respect to protection from lightening and for improvement of the system.
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Battery System:
The batteries used are lead acid type having a solution of sulphuric acid and distilled water as electrolytes. In charged state, it has a specific gravity of 1.2 at temperature of 30C.In the battery room batteries are mounted on wooden stand. The cells are installed stand by porcelain. Following precautions are taken in a battery room:
The conductor connecting the cells are greased and coated with electrolyte resisting varnish.
Proper care is taken so that acid vapours do not accumulate in the room to avoid risk of explosion, smoking, winding etc. The windows of battery are of forested glass to avoid the batteries from direct action of sun light.
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220/133 KV, 100MVA X-Mer 1----------------------------------- TELK 132/33 KV, 20/25 MVA X-Mer 1---------------------------------- TELK 132/33 KV, 20/25 MVA X-Mer 2-----------------------------------BBL 132/33 KV, 40/50 MVA X-Mer 3-----------------------------------T&R 132/33 KV, 10/12.5 MVA X-Mer 1---------------------------------EMCO
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SF6 CB BREAKER SERIAL NO. RATED VOLTAGE NORMAL CURRENT FREQUENCY LIGHTNING IMPULSE WITHSTAND FIRST POLE TO CLEAR TO CLEAR FACTOR SHORT TIME WITHSTAND CURRENT DURATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT (SHORT CIRCUIT BREAKING CURRENT) SYM. ASYM. 030228 145KV 1250A 5OHz 650KV (Peak) 1-2 31.5KA 3 Sec. 31.5KA 37.5KA 8.0KA 7.9KA 0-0.3-CO-3min-CO 6.3 Bar 1300Kg 8.7Kg
SHORT TIME MAKING CURRENT OUT OF PHASE BREAKING CURRENT OPERATING SEQUENCE SF6 GAS PRESSURE AT 20C TOTAL MASS OF CB MASS OF SF6 GAS
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CONCLUSION
Training at 220KV GSS Sanganer, Jaipur gives the insight of the real instruments used. There are many instruments like transformer, CT, PT, CVT, LA, relay, PLCC, bus bars, capacitor bank, insulator, isolators, control room, Battery room etc. What is the various problem seen in substation while handling this instruments. There are various occasion when relay operate and circuit breaker open, load shedding, shut down, which has been heard previously. To get insight of the substation, how things operate, how things manage all is learned there. Practical training as a whole proved to be extremely informative and experience building and the things learnt at it would definitely help a lot in snapping the future ahead a better way.
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REFERENCES
1. B.R.GUPTA (2005), POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
4. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/63/cvt.png
5. http://images.google.co.in/(Equipments name)
6. www.browzen.com/relay
7. Manual of G.S.S.
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