Mao Yuan Liu Kambrya College

Notes on Transformation
Interpreting equations Absolute: a f (b ( ) x + d ) + c Order: Horizontal translation (d) Horizontal dilation and reflection from the y axis (b) Vertical dilation (a) Vertical translation (c) Relative: a f (b ( x + d )) + c Order: Horizontal translation (d) Horizontal dilation and reflection from (-d, 0) (b) Vertical dilation (a) Vertical translation (c)

Transformation to x values: Always substitute x for transformed expressions Dilation and reflection are absolute from the y axis. Translations are always relative to current position. Transformation to y values: Always dilate/reflect first, and then translate. Dilations and reflections are absolute from the x axis. Translations are always relative to current position.

1. 2. 3. 4.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Terms in transformation 1 Dilation by a factor of in the y direction (or parallel to x) or reflection in the y axis n (absolute from y axis):

If translation is performed first, dilation and reflection has to be performed on a relative scale unless otherwise specified.

f ( x + b) f ( n x + b)

1 in the y direction (or parallel to x) or reflection in the y axis n (relative to graph position): Dilation by a factor of

f ( x + b) f ( n ( x + b))

Translation of n units to the right (in the x direction) (always translated relative to graph position):

f (b x) f (b ( x n))

Dilation by a factor of n in the x direction (or parallel to y) or reflection in the x axis (relative to graph position):

f ( x) + c n f ( x) + c

Dilation by a factor of n in the x direction (or parallel to y) or reflection in the x axis (absolute from x axis):

f ( x) + c n ( f ( x) + c) f ( x) f ( x) + n

Translation n units upwards (always translated relative to graph position):

Relative (translation first) transformations in x: yc =x b

y = bx + c

Absolute (dilation first) transformations in x: y c = x b

y = b( x + c )

Page 4 of 54