0.

utt = a2 uxx

u(x, 0) = (x)
a)

ut (x, 0) = (x)

u(0, t) = 0

utt = a2 uxx

u(x, 0) = (x)
b)

ut (x, 0) = (x)

ux (0, t) = 0
1.

u(0, t) = 0
x.

2.

ux (0, t) = 0
x.

.
x+at
Z

1
(x + at) + (x at)
+
u(x, t) =
2
2a

(s)ds
xat

1
1
u(0, t) = ((at + (at)) +
2
2a

Zat
(s)ds
at

1.

u(0, t) = 0

2.

ux (x, t) = 21 (0 (x + at) + 0 (x at)) +

1
ux (0, t) = (
2

1
((x
2a

0 (at) + 0 (at)
|
{z
}

III :

(
(x), x 0
=
(x), x 0
1

)+

+ at) (x at))

1
((at) (at)) = 0
2a

(
(x), x 0
(x) =
(x), x 0
1
1
u(x, t) = ((x + at) + (x at)) +
2
2a

x+at
Z

(s)ds
xat

x 0 (a).
A x at > 0

A x at < 0(at > x)

1
1
u(x, t) = ((x + at) (at x)) +
2
2a

at+x
Z

(s)ds
atx

(1):

x at

(1): (2):
III. b)

u(x, t) = 12 ((x + at) + (at x)) +

1
2a

atx
R

(s)ds +

utt = a2 uxx

u(0, t) = u(l, t) = 0

u(x, 0) = (x)

ut (x, 0) = (x)
.
3

1
2a

x+at
R
0

(s)ds

utt = a2 uxx

u(0, t) = u(l, t) = 0

u(0, t) = X(x)T (t)

u(x, t) 6 0
T 00 X = a2 X 00 T
T 00
a2 T

X 00
- .
X

X = x, T .
X T :
(
X 00 + X = 0
T 2 + a2 T = 0
X(0) = 0, X(l) = 0
T (t) 6 0, X(x) 6 0
III. :

00

X + X = 0
X(0) = X(l) = 0

X(x) 6 0
IV.

(
T 00 + a2 T = 0
T 6 0

.
1) ,

<0:

X(x) = Ach( x) + Bsh( x)

X(0) = 0 X(x) = Bsh( lambdax)

X(l) = 0 X(l) = Bsh( l) = 0

4

 A2 + B 2 = 0

.
2)

= 0 , ..:
x = C1 + C2 x X(0) = X(l) = 0
3) > 0

X(x) = C1 cos( x) + C2 sin( x)

X(0) = C1 = 0

X(l) = C1 cos( l) + C2 sin( l) = 0

C2 sin( l) = 0, l = k, k Z

k =

k
l

2

X(x) = Csin(

nx
), c 6= 0
l

IV.

Tn (t) = An cos(

u(x, t) = (An cos(

na
na
nx
t) + Bn sin(
t))sin(
), n = 1, 2 . . .
l
l
l
n =

n 6= 1

na
a
, n = 1, 1 =
l
l

a=
sin(

na
na
) + Bn sin(
)
l
l

m = 0, 1, . . . n

p T0
m
( ), xm = l

n ml

) = sin(m) = 0
l
n

0 ( ).

xm =

m
l(n + 1)
n
5

xm



p

A2n + Bn2 sin( n
x)
l

, .

sin(

nx
na
1
n
n
)cos(
t) = (sin( (x + at)) + sin( (x at)))
l
l
2
l
l

(1) :

u(x, t) =

(An cos(

n=1

na
na
nx
t) + Bn sin(
t))sin(
)
l
l
l

utt = a2 uxx .
: u(0, t) = u(l, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = (x), ut (x, 0) = (x)/

, :

u(x, 0) =

An sin(

n=1

ut (x, 0) =

Bn

n=1

nx
) = (x)
l

na
nx
sin(
) = (x)
l
l

nx
sin( l ) .

2
An = n =
l

Zl
(x)sin(

nx
)dx
l

l
=
2

Zl

sin2 (

nx
)dx
l

na
2
Bn =
= n =
l
l

Zl
(x)sin(

nx
)dx
l

2
Bn =
na

Zl
(x)sin(

nx
)dx
l

.
.
6

1.

u(x, t)

t = 0, u(x, 0) = (x).

2.

u(x, t)

- .

3.

uxx = utt (x, t)

ut (x, 0) = (x).

u(x, t) =

X
n=1

(An cos(

na
nx
nx
t) + Bn sin(
t))sin(
)
l
l
l

X
1
|n |,
|n |
n
n=1
n=1

X
na
na
na
na
nx
ut (x, t) =
(
An sin(
t) +
Bn cos(
t))sin(
)
l
l
l
l
l
n=1

n|n |,

n=1

|n |

n=1

X
1
|n |
|n |,
n
n=1
n=1

n2 |n |,

n=1

f (x)

|n |

- .

n=1

[0, l],

k+1

f (2m) (0) = f (m) (l) = 0 : 0 2m k

P

nk |fk |
n=1