ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION

Introduction
Strict emission standards require precise fuel delivery Computers used to calculate fuel needs EFI very precise, reliable & cost effective EFI provide correct A/F ratio for all loads, speeds, & temp ranges

The Fuel Injector

Electromechanical device Controlled by PCM Engine rpm determines when injector opens How long it stays open determined by:
Engine temp Engine load Throttle pos. O2 sensor voltage

Throttle Body Injection (TBI)

First injection unit used Housing similar to Carb One or two injector One or two of these units mounted to intake manifold

FIG 6-40 CLASS

LOW PRESSURE FUEL INJECTOR

13-16 psi operating pressure Ball style pintle Easily replaceable

GMs Crossfire Injection

Multi-Port Fuel Injection

One injector per cylinder Mounts in intake manifold, sprays directly at intake valve Fired in groups or individually (SFI) Ram Tuning for denser air charge Lower A/F temps Leaner mixture during warm-up

Bosch & Delphi Multec

Fuel Pressure Regulator

Located at end of fuel rail Maintains constant pressure at injectors Internal chamber contains a diaphragm
Pressurized fuel on one side Manifold vacuum & spring tension on other

Manifold vacuum pulls up on diaphragm, metering fuel that is returned to tank Excess fuel pressure can overcome spring tension, allowing fuel to return to tank Increases in manifold pressure causes spring tension to push diaphragm down, blocking return line, increasing pressure in rail.

Fuel Pressure Regulator

Fuel Pressure Regulator

Vacuum hose connection Fuel rail

Fuel return

Central Port Injection (CPI)

Injector located in center of intake manifold 60 psi system 6 or 8 poppet valves attached to one TBI type injector

Central Multi-Port Injection (CMPI)

Similar to CPI Individual injectors, with poppet valves

CMPI Connections

Electrical Connectors

Fuel Supply

Fuel Return

CMPI Up Close

Cylinder Numbers

Fuel Pressure Regulator

Poppet Nozzles
Contains a check ball & extension spring Regulate the flow of fuel into cylinder Fuel flows when pressure exceeds 40 psi Ball reseats when pressure drops

Injector Testing

Coil Test Specific current supplied, measures voltage drop Injector Balance Inj. Energized for a precise time frame, record fuel pressure drop

Injector Circuit Testing

Noid lights Simple test light that plugs into injector connector Light flashes with each electrical pulse

Injector Cleaning
Periodic cleaning removes varnish & other deposits Pressurized canister dispenses cleaning solution MUST disconnect fuel pump!