Globalization(G11N)

 Globalization addresses the business issues associated with

taking a product global.

 Organizations must account for a number of business issues if

they are to succeed in international markets: Local Languages,
currencies, business practices, technical requirements and
cultural preferences as well as marketing and sales and
technical support for local markets.
 Internationalization (I18N)

 The process of architecting a product so it can

handle multiple languages and cultural
conventions without the need for re-design.
 Internationalization (I18N)

 Internationalization(i18n), depicts the practice

of designing & developing an application,
product or document in a way that makes it
easily localizable for target audiences that vary
in culture, region, or language.
 Internationalization (I18N)
 Internationalization(i18n) takes place at the level of
program design and engineering.

 I18N aims at separating Core application code from

dynamic content containing Culture specific data,
such as text strings on the UI.

 Following i18N in software development ensures that

minimal changes are required while modifying for
different languages, writing systems, regions. In
nutshell internationalization can be seen as an
architectural issue.
 Why Internationalization

 Empowering users to access information

anywhere, anytime through any device.

 Research shows that users are more likely to

make purchases when the communication is in
native language.
 Internationalization Considerations

 Character set and encoding

 Specifying the language of content, using language
tags in Mark up etc..
 Handling Messages, Strings, styling etc.
 Writing Systems
 Locale data such as dates, formatting of numbers,
currencies
 Culture Specific sensitive information
 Localization (L10N)

 Involves taking a product and making it

linguistically and culturally appropriate to the
target locale (country/region and language)
where it will be used and sold.

 It also includes the production of help and

online or printed documentation in the foreign
language.
 Localization (L10N) Considerations

 Identify ‘Translatable’ and ‘Non-translatable’ strings

 Many languages can take at least 30% more space, Design

should be compatible, or else the UI may have to be
redesigned .

 Tool - (HI) & - customer (EN)

 Localization (L10N) Considerations

 Switching between Language in UI

 Bitmap / Vector fonts

 Avoiding use of text or numbers in graphics.

 Localization (L10N) Considerations

 Avoiding use of metaphors which may not have equivalence

in other languages

 Acronyms, Abbreviations.

 The same application functions do not necessarily apply to all

cultures.
 Layout Considerations

 A Height of glyphs may vary

 Word length may vary across languages

 Aspects of locale

 Names & Titles

 Sorting by Last Name/First Name

 Surname not always in last
 Different addressing modes
 Dear-
 Aspects of locale

 Calendars
 No abbreviations in use for month names in Hindi

 Numeric
 Number of digits in a group (In English it is 3 while for
other languages its different 1,23,456)
 Group separator (In English ‘,’, but ISO uses space, and
some locales use ‘.’ or none,
 Decimal separator ‘.’, ‘,’
 Aspects of locale

 Date and Time formats,

 Date separators (/ , - , .)

 Addresses
 Order of information cant be fixed
 i.e. City followed by State etc
 Aspects of locale

 Currencies, Paper size, Weights & measures

 Different languages use different size to express
currencies (INR/$/Rs./ £)
 Position of currency differs (in beginning or last)
 Different ways of expressing Rs. 1000 OR Rs.
1000/- or INR 1000, 1000 Rupees, 1000 रपये , र
1000.00 (Indian currencies are written with
decimal precision (e.g. 2 digits after the decimal
point for paisa)
 Cultural Aspects

 Icons, symbols and images

 Colors, myths, beliefs and feelings
 Emphasizing has different meaning in different languages
 Humour (No humor is internationally acceptable)
 Geographical & environmental effects
 Customs & traditions
 Social Security Numbers
 Cultural Aspects

 A image can say thousand words.

 Images of people or body parts such as hands

 Considered inappropriate in some cultures
 What skin color to use?
 localized People Images for each country