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Offshore Loading: Staad
Offshore Loading: Staad
Pro
PHOTOS:
Jacket
PHOTOS:
Jackup Rig
FPSO
FSO
PHOTOS:
Semisubmersible
PHOTOS:
TLP
LOADINGS:
General Dead Loads Live Loads Environmental Loads Transportation Loads Impact Loads Others
ANALYSIS:
DESIGN STANDARDS:
Rules/Regulations from various Classification Societies such as ABS, DnV, Lloyds, BV, etc. Classification Notes/Design Guidelines/Recommended Practices from Class (DnVs CN-30.5, RP-C203) API RP-2A-WSD/API RP-2A-LRFD
Most popular and used standards
ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS:
Due to natural phenomena of general importance:
TRANSPORTATION LOADS:
The inertial forces beside gravity are generated due to motion of the vessel on which the structure is mounted due to combined random effects of wave, wind, current, etc. during transportation. The inertial forces are generally to be computed using the appropriate period and amplitude by combining roll with heave and pitch with heave Transport Load Module
OVERVIEW:
Fatigue Module
Use STAAD.Pro Results due to wave loads to compute Fatigue Damage of Joints
Theoretical Background:
Steps to Compute Environmental Forces
Sheet 1
Theoretical Background:
Wave Theory Appropriate order of Stream Function Stokes V Airy Linear User defined grid of Velocities and Accelerations H Applicability Function of H, Tapp and d
2 gTapp
Sheet 2
Stokes V/ Stream 3
Stream Function
Airy/ Stream 3
d 2 gTapp
Theoretical Background:
Other Factors Combined Wave/Current Kinematics Marine Growth Drag/Inertia Coefficients Conductor Shielding Factor
t D Hard Growth Dc Pipe e = k/D k D = Dc + 2t
With no Wave
Sheet 3
Marine Growth
Current Profile
Theoretical Background:
Drag/Inertia Coefficients, CD, Cm
Reynolds number, Re Keulegan-Carpenter number, Kc Relative Surface Roughness, k/D Current/Wave Velocity Ratio, r Gap Ratio between Cylinder and fixed boundary, H/D
CD
Sheet 4
k/D
H = 1 + 10 + 1 D
Theoretical Background:
Hydrodynamic Force Computation
Morisons Equation on Slender (/D > 5) member
Sheet 5
F(y,t) = FD + FI =
Where,
1 V C D A V V + (Cm Vr + Vd ) 2 t
FD = Drag force vector/unit length; FI = Inertia force vector/unit length CD = Drag Coefficient; Cm = Inertia/added mass Coefficient = Water mass density; Vr = Reference volume/unit length Vd = Displaced volume/unit length V = Velocity vector (combined wave and current) normal to axis A = Projected area normal to axis/unit length (=D, for circular cylinder)
Theoretical Background:
Morisons Equation to Inclined Members
The drag and inertia pressure resultants are assumed to act on the projected area of the member and resulting forces are then resolved into normal and tangential components. Resolution of the resultant drag and inertia pressures into normal and tangential components, OTC 1976, Paper 2723 and DnV Rules the tangential components are ignored. Resolution of the resultant velocity and acceleration into normal and tangential components, the tangential kinematics are generally ignored. The drag and inertia pressures are assumed to act on the projected area of the member and the force is then applied normal to the member axis.
Sheet 6 Option
PROJ
PRES
RESV
Mostly used
PRJN
Typical Output:
Wave Characteristics Member forces in Local and Global Co-ordinates Joint Loads due to Dead Weight and Buoyancy Joint Loads for Appurtenances Total Base Shear and Overturning Moments (Global Structural Forces) Generation of STAAD.Pro Input file (filename_wave.std) consisting of all load cases including one for buoyancy load case with basic analysis commands
Sheet 1
STAAD.Pro Model
Sheet 2
Force Coefficients Table Marine Growth Table Current Profile Table Wave Parameters Table
Theoretical Background:
Sheet 1
Center of Rotation Y X Z
DY, Heave RY, Yaw RX, Roll DX, Surge RZ, Pitch
DZ, Sway
Theoretical Background:
The translational accelerations of a point relative to the center of rotation are as follows:
Sheet 2
Z X Y
Center of Rotation
Roll Motion
Pitch Motion
FATIGUE MODULE:
Computes the Fatigue Lives at up to 16 points around tubular joints and creates an output file comprising of minimum life of chord, stub and brace. It can consider up to 16 wave approach directions Maximum number of wave positions within the wave length is ten to calculate stress range. Includes DOEs S-N curves B, C, D, E, F, F2, G, W & T and has option to define user-defined S-N curves (log-bilinear) SCFs at the crown and saddle locations of chord and stub can be computed be the program or can be entered manually The fatigue damage calculation is based on Miners cumulative damage rule.
S-N curves:
For tubular joints:
Sheet 1
Thickness correction
Hot Spot Cyclic Stress Range (ksi)
X X
/
S-N curves:
For Non-tubular members and connections
Sheet 2
Number of Cycles
Sheet 1
SCFs can be calculated at the crown and saddle positions for axial load, in-plane and out-of-plane bending moments by this module using either of these options:
. Wordsworth-Smedley . Lloyds
Sheet 2
Sheet 3
Sheet 1
Sheet 2
Sheet 3
Sheet 4
Sheet 5
Computed SCF T
Output:
Wave Simulation for Wave Ht. = 3.048 m & Period = 7 sec.
Wave Length Vs Elevation
Wave Elevn., z 2.25 1.5 0.75 0 -0.75 -1.5 -2.25
X 0 1.887 3.774 5.662 7.549 9.436 11.323 13.21 15.097 16.985 18.872 20.759 22.646 24.533 26.42 28.308 30.195 32.082 33.969 35.856 37.743
Wave Length, x
Z -1.524 -1.505 -1.449 -1.358 -1.233 -1.078 -0.896 -0.692 -0.471 -0.238 0 0.238 0.471 0.692 0.896 1.078 1.233 1.358 1.449 1.505 1.524
0.00
3.77
7.55
11.32
15.10
18.87
22.65
26.42
30.20
33.97
37.74
TOWER BUOYANCY JOINT LOADS JOINT NO 'X'-DIR 'Y'-DIR 16 0.000 0.301 27 0.000 0.301 13 0.000 8.695 24 0.000 8.695 7 0.000 38.847 12 0.000 10.473 23 0.000 10.473
* Wave Loading : Non Structural Members JOINT LOAD 136 FX -0.14 FY -1.671 FZ -0.14 135 FX -0.268 FY -3.349 FZ -0.268 134 FX -0.08 FY -1.017 FZ -0.08 133 FX -0.015 FY -0.149 FZ -0.015
Fx and Mz
80 60 40 Fx 20 0 -20 -40 -60
CGXW 0.04
CGYW 19.54
CGZW 0.01
BUOY WT 778.81
CGXB -0.01
CGYB 14.94
CGZB 0.01
Output:
LOADING 1 DOF LOADS = +DY +RX MEMBER LOADS * * INERTIA FORCES DUE TO MEMBER SELF WEIGHT * 1 TRAP GY -0.331 -0.343 0.000 2.439 1 UNI GZ 0.381 0.000 2.439 2 TRAP GY -0.343 -0.355 0.000 2.438 2 UNI GZ 0.381 0.000 2.438 *INERTIA FORCES DUE TO APPURTENANCE SELF WEIGHT * JOINT LOADS * 132 FX 0.000 FY -15.605 FZ 17.971 136 FX 0.000 FY -28.981 FZ 29.073 * INERTIA FORCES DUE TO JOINT CONCENTRATED WEIGHT * 89 FX 0.000 FY -13.251 FZ 16.150 90 FX 0.000 FY -13.251 FZ 16.150
LOADING 2 DOF LOADS = +DY -RX MEMBER LOADS * * INERTIA FORCES DUE TO MEMBER SELF WEIGHT * 1 TRAP GY -0.366 -0.355 0.000 2.439 1 UNI GZ -0.381 0.000 2.439 2 TRAP GY -0.355 -0.343 0.000 2.438 2 UNI GZ -0.381 0.000 2.438 *INERTIA FORCES DUE TO APPURTENANCE SELF WEIGHT * JOINT LOADS * 132 FX 0.000 FY -15.473 FZ -17.971 136 FX 0.000 FY -28.735 FZ -29.073
* INERTIA FORCES DUE TO JOINT CONCENTRATED WEIGHT * 89 FX 0.000 FY -14.678 FZ -16.150 90 FX 0.000 FY -14.678 FZ -16.150
Fatigue Analysis:
A typical Flare Tower mounted on FPSO has been chosen.
Basic Data:
Tower Height 55 m Member Sections: 30, 24, 18, 12, 10, etc., Channels Wind Loads:
TYPE NORMAL 25 YR RETURN STORM 100 YR RETURN DIRECTIONS X, Z X, Z X, Z X, Z MAXM CYCLES/YR 87600 87600 52300 35040
Vessel Motion:
TYPE EXTREME DIRECTIONS X, Z MAXM CYCLES/YR 13075
API RP-2A Code Check: In-built API code of STAAD.Pro is used to carry out Steel Design Pinpoint Critical Joints for which Fatigue Analysis has to be carried out
< 1.0