Bi tp chia mng con (Part 4)

Posted by Hong V on May 22, 2011

Khi c part ny th chc hn cc bn bit v cc parts trc . Hn na y l

bi t lun nn mnh s trnh by chi tit hn. Nu c thc mc g c comment sau
bi ny, mnh s tr li sm nht cho cc bn

**Lu : thi t lun s khng xc nh a ch lp C (v n n gin). Nn bi tp

mnh s ton tp trung vo lp B.
Phn A: Bi tp chia mng con n gin
1. Cho a ch IP: 172.16.3.23/27
A.

a ch ny thuc lp no? Gii thch.

B.

Tm a ch mng v a ch broadcast ca mng cha a ch IP trn?

C.
Hy chia mng con va tm c cu b thnh 4 mng con. Lit k cc a ch
mng, a ch broadcast v dy a ch host ca 4 mng con ny.
Gii:
1. a ch ny thuc lp B. V lp B c Byte u tin nm trong khong t 128 n 191.
2. V Subnet Mask l /27 nn Mng ny mn 11 bit chia mng con.
-

Do ta c a ch cc mng ln lt l.

172.16.3.0/27
172.16.3.32/27
172.16.3.64/27

172.16.3.224/27
.
- T ta suy ra a ch IP u bi nm Mng u tin l 172.16.3.0/27
- a ch Broadcast l a ch sau a ch mng k
tip.
y n l

172.16.3.31/27

c. Ta s ly mng 172.16.3.0/27 chia tip 4 mng con.

(phn ny khng cn trnh by vo bi v mnh ch gii thch:
a ch 172.16.3.0/27 th c 27 bit c chia. Ta khng c dng cc bit
chia m phi mn cc bit trong phn Host ID chia tip.
Hay ni cch khc

172.16.0.0/27 = 172.16.3.00000000/27 (trong Net ID l phn in m))

- chia 4 mng con ta cn mn thm 2 bit. Vy Lc Octet C cn 3 bit na. Suy ra ta
c 4 mng. Mi mng cch nhau 8 (2^3) n v Ta c bng sau

Cc mng con

a ch broadcast

Di a ch host

172.16.3.0/29

172.16.3.7

172.16.3.1 172.16.3.6

172.16.3.8/29

172.16.3.15

172.16.3.9- 172.16.3.15

172.16.3.16/29

172.16.3.23

172.16.3.17 172.16..3.23

172.16.3.24/29

172.16.3.31

172.16.3.25 172.16.3.31

Bi 2 Cho h thng mng gm 202 Host v a ch IP c thit lp lp 172.16.1.1/16.

Hy chia h thng mng ny thnh bn mng con (Net 1: c 101 Host, Net 2: c 52 Host,
Net 3: c 30 Host v Net 4: c 19 Host) gm cc thng tin: Network ID (a ch lp mng
con), Subnet Mask(mt n ca mng con), Start IP Address(a ch IP bt u ca mng
con), End IP Address(a ch IP kt thc mng con), Broadcast IP(a ch IP qung b ca
mng con).
Bi gii
(Nu bi gii khng yu cu bn chia sao cho HP L V TIT KIM th bn c chia nh
bnh thng. Mt vi bi s yu cu cc bn chia sao cho hp l c bit l trong cc thi,
v t na Phn B mnh s chia li bi ny sao cho Hp l v tit kim )
Cn chia 4 mng con th ta mn thm 2 bit phn Host ID (Octet C cn li 6 bit,
nh vy cc NET s cch nhau 2^6 l 64 n v. T ta c bng sau
a ch mng

Subnet mask

a ch Broadcast

Di a ch hosts

172.16.0.0

255.255.192.0

172.16.63.255

172.16.0.1 172.16.63.254

172.16.64.0

255.255.192.0

172.16.127.255

172.16.64.1- 172.16.127.254

172.16.128.0

255.255.192.0

172.16.191.255

172.16.128.1 172.16.191.254

172.16.192.0
-

255.255.192.0

172.16.255.255

172.16.192.1 172.16.191.254

Cc yu cu u c p ng !

Phn B : Chia mng con tit kim chi ph

Bi 1 Cho h thng mng gm 202 Host v a ch IP c thit lp lp 172.16.1.1/16.
Hy chia h thng mng ny thnh bn mng con (Net 1: c 101 Host, Net 2: c 52 Host,
Net 3: c 30 Host v Net 4: c 19 Host) gm cc thng tin: Network ID (a ch lp mng
con), Subnet Mask(mt n ca mng con), Start IP Address(a ch IP bt u ca mng
con), End IP Address(a ch IP kt thc mng con), Broadcast IP(a ch IP qung b ca
mng con). Tm cch chia hp l
Tips : C l cc bn nn suy ngh mt cht trong u. sau y l nhng suy ngh ca
mnh
Net 1 C 101 host vy mnh cn dnh li bao nhiu bit chia. Dnh 7 bit l OK v
2^7 -2 = 128-2 =126 l d cho 101 Host
a ch ban u cha mn bit chia mng. Ta c 32 bit c sn, 16 bit mng mc
nh, v li 7 bit na cho host. Vy ta phi mn 32-16-7 =9bit chia mng con.
Vy l sau khi ta mn xong 9 bit, ta s c c thy l 2^9 mng con, mi mng c
126 Host (tr Net ID v broadcast ID). Nu ta em cc mng cho cc phng ban Khc th
khng cn g ni.
Tr li vi yu cu bi. Net 2 cn 52 Host. Lc ny mi mng c 128 a ch (tnh c
Net ID v Broadcast). Nu ta chia ra lm 2 th chng ta s c 2 mng con. Mi mng con s
c 2^6-2 = 64 Host > 52 Host. Vy ta cn mn thm 1bit chia mt mng c 126 host
thnh 2 mng c 62 Host.
Tng t ta s mn thm 1 bit chia mt mng c 64 host thnh 2 mng con c
30 host. Lc ny coi nh xong.
Tin mnh i v suy ngh ca cc bn cn nhanh hn nhng g mnh vit ra trn y nu cc
bn hiu vn .
Sau mnh vit ra mt t giy nhp

Sau khi vit nhp chc c mnh trnh by theo s cy nh vy vo bi lm cho thy d
hiu.
T ta c cc mng c biu din theo Bng di y:
a ch mng

Subnet Mask

a ch Broadcast

Di a ch Hosts

172.16.0.0/25

255.255.255.128

172.16.0.127

172.16.0.1 172.16.0.126

172.16.0.128/26

255.255.255.192

172.16.0.191

172.16.0.129 172.16.0.190

172.16.0.192/27

255.255.255.224

172.16.0.223

172.16.0.193 172.16.0.222

172.16.0.224/27

255.255.255.224

172.16.0.255

172.16.0.225 172.16.0.254

Bi 2 Mt cng ty c cung cp cho a ch mng l: 172.16.32.0/20 v kin trc mng

nh hnh bn. Vi cng v l ngi qun tr mng, anh (ch) hy phn chia a ch IP cho
cc to nh sao cho hp l v m bo yu t tit kim ti a ti nguyn a ch IP?

Bi gii:
Theo yu cu ca bi ton, ta cn c 8 mng (trong 4 mng mi mng 62 hosts,
v 4 mng cn li mi mng 2 hosts).
(C nhiu bn cho rng chng ta ch c 4 mng. Nhng k th chng ta c thm 4 mng
na. l cc mng ni router vi Router. Nn cc bn ch , tuy rng c 2 router nhng
n cng to thnh 1 mng).
172.16.32/20 = 172.16.00100000.0 C ngha rng phn t en c chia. Chng
ta s chia tip t bit th 21 tr i.
** (u tin xt mng c nhiu Host trc) Mi mng c 62 hosts. iu c ngha
rng ta ch cn li 6bit cho phn Host. Vy ta cn phi mn 32-20-6 =6 bit na.
Vi 6 bit th ta c c thy l 64 mng. Mi mng 62 Hosts (tr a ch mng v a ch
broadcast).
-

Khi ta c

172.16.0010hhhh.hhxxxxxx (vi xxxxxxxx l phn dnh cho host v h l dnh cho mng,
T ta c cc mng
172.16.00100000.00xxxxxx = 172.16.32.0/26
172.16.00100000.01xxxxxx = 172.16.32.64/26
172.16.00100000.10xxxxxx = 172.16.32.128/26
172.16.00100000.11xxxxxx = 172.16.32.192/26
172.16.00100001.00xxxxxx = 172.16.33.0/26
..

172.16.00111111.11xxxxxx = 172.16.63.192/26
-

4 mng u ta dng cho cc Net c s host l 64

4 mng tip theo ta dng cho cc Net c s host l 2.

Thng thng, ti u ho bi ton, ta s em mng 5 (172.16.33.0/26) chia thnh

4 mng con, mi mng c 2 host.
T suy ra ta ch cn li phn host 2bit. Ngha l ta s mn thm 4 bit chia
mng con. Khi ta c.
172.16.33.00hhhhxx (vi h l bit cho Net, v x l bit cho Host).
T ta c cc mng
172.16.33.000000xx = 172.16.33.0/30
172.16.33.000001xx = 172.16.33.4/30
172.16.33.000010xx = 172.16.33.8/30
172.16.33.000011xx = 172.16.33.12/30
..
172.16.33.001111xx=172.16.33.60/30
-> Ta dng 4 mng u cho cc Net c s host l 2

Bi 3. Bi ton s c dng mt a ch IP lp B 172.16.1.1/20. Yu cu l chia 50 mng, mi

mng c 50 Host.
i vi bi tp ny, ta phi ch chn phng n thch hp tin hnh.
Cc phng n chng ta c l:
-

Nu mn bit chia va s Net th s Host s qu ln -> khng ph hp

Nu li bit cho host va th s Net qu ln. Hn na khng hp l nu nh ta

mun b sung mt ai vo mt mng -> Khng ph hp
Cc ph hp nht l chn s mng v s net sao cho S mng cng va ln + S
host cng d ra c cht nh.
CHC CC BN LM BI TT
hoangvq