APCALCULUSABandBC|FREERESPONSESOLUTIONS|MAY42011|D.

Shubleka

APCalculusAB/BCFreeResponseQuestions2011
SOLUTIONS[draft]

Problem1BC[CALCULATOR]

a)
Speedoftheparticleattime
t = 3
2

( x '(3)) + ( y'(3))

= (4t +1)2 + (sin(t 2 ))

Accelerationvectorat t = 3
x"(3), y"(3) = 4, 2t cos(t 2 )

t=3

= 169 + (sin(9)) ! 13.007

t=3

= 4, 6 cos9 = 4, ! 5.467

b)

dy
dy
sin(t 2 ) sin 9
= dt =
=
! 0.032
dx dx
4t +1
13
dt

c)

t=3

x(3) ! x(0) =

" x '(t)dt

t=0

t=3

x(3) = x(0) +

" 4t +1dt = 0 + (2t

t=0

+ t) = 18 + 3 = 21
0

t=3

y(3) ! y(0) =

" y'(t)dt

t=0

t=3

y(3) = y(0) +

" sin(t

)dt = !4 + 0.773563 # !3.266

t=0

d)TotalDistanceequalsarclength:
t=3

t=0

[x '(t)]2 +[y'(t)]2 dt =

!
0

[4t +1]2 +[sin(t 2 )]2 dt = 21.091190452... " 21.091

APCALCULUSABandBC|FREERESPONSESOLUTIONS|MAY42011|D.Shubleka
Problem2BC[CALCULATOR]

a)
H (5) " H (2) 52 " 60 "8 degCelsius

H '(3.5) !
=
=
5" 2
3
3
min
b)
1 t=10
! H (t)dt representstheaveragetemperatureoftheteaoverthetenminute
10 t=0
interval.TheunitsaredegreeCelsius.

1 t=10
1
H (t)dt " (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 )
!
t=0
10
10
(66 + 60)(2 # 0)
T1 =
= 126
2
(60 + 52)(5 # 2)
T2 =
= 168
2

(52 + 44)(9 # 5)
T3 =
= 192
2
(44 + 43)(10 # 9)
T4 =
= 43.5
2
1 t=10
1
529.5
H (t)dt " (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 ) =
= 4 = 52.950 degCelsius
!
t=0
10
10
10

Theaveragetemperatureoverthetenminutes,usingtrapezoidalapproximation
withfourtrapezoids,is52.950degreesCelsius.

c)

10

! H '(t)dt = H (10) " H (0) = 43" 66 = "23degCelsius

0

Thenetchangeintemperatureoverthetenminuteintervalis23degreesCelsius.
Inotherwords,thetemperaturedropped23degrees.
d)
B(0) = 100

B'(t) = !13.84e!0.173t
10

"
B(10) = B(10) + "
B(10) ! B(0) =

B'(t)dt

10
0

B'(t)dt = 100 +

"

10
0

!13.84e

!0.173t

dt = 100 ! 65.8172 # 34.183

H (10) = 43
H (10) ! B(10) = 43! 34.183 = 8.817degCelsius
Thebiscuitsareapproximately9degreesCelsiuscoolerthanthetea.

APCALCULUSABandBC|FREERESPONSESOLUTIONS|MAY42011|D.Shubleka

Problem3BC[NOCALCULATOR]
a)
Theperimeterisgivenby:
2k

2k

P = 1+ k + e + L = 1+ k + e +
P = 1+ k + e 2k +

'

x=k

1+ ( 2e

x=0

'

x=k
x=0

! dy $
1+ # & dx
" dx %

2x 2

) dx = 1+ k + e

2k

'

x=k
x=0

1+ 4e 4 x dx

b)

VDISK =
VDISK
c)

x=k

! x=0 ! [ R(x)] dx =

!
=
4

x=k

x=k

! x=0 ! "#e2 x $% dx = ! ! x=0 e4 x dx

k
!
!
!
! x=0 4e dx = 4 e4 x 0 = 4 (e4k & e0 ) = 4 (e4k &1)
x=k

4x

! 4k (t )
(e
!1)
4
dV ! 4k (t )
dk ! e 4k (t )
= e
*4 =
dt 4
dt
3

V (k(t)) =

=
k=

1
2

! e 2 units 3
3 time unit

APCALCULUSABandBC|FREERESPONSESOLUTIONS|MAY42011|D.Shubleka
Problem4BC[NOCALCULATOR]

a)
!3
!! r 2
9!
g(!3) = 2(!3) + " f (t)dt = !6 +
= !6 !
0

4
4
g'(x) = 2 + f (x) by FTC # g'(!3) = 2 + f (!3) = 2 + 0 = 2

b)
ClosedIntervalMethod
Find critical numbers in the open interval (-4, 3) :
g'(x) = 2 + f (x) = 0 ('undefined' case impossible since f is defined for all x in given interval)
5
! f (x) = "2 ! "2x + 3 = "2 ! x =
2
2.5
9
25
g( 25 ) = 2 * 25 + # f (t)dt = 5 + "1 =
0
4
4
2
2
"! 3 ! 1
g("4) = 2 * ("4) +
+
= "8 " 2!
4
4
g(3) = 2 * 3+

3
0

f (t)dt = 6 + 0 = 6

g(2.5) global maximum using the Closed Interval Method.

c)
Atapointofinflection,theoriginalfunctionmustbecontinuousanditssecond
derivativemustchangesignwhilethefirstderivativedoesnotchangesign.

g'(x) = 2 + f (x)

g"(x) = f '(x)

Theonlyinflectionpointoccursat(0,3).Thefunctionchangesconcavitywhile
maintainingitsincreasingbehavioronbothsidesofthegivenpoint.

d)
f (3) ! f (!4) !3! (!1) !2
AVG RATE OF f (t)[!4,3] =
=
=

3! (!4)
7
7
Theinstantaneousrateofchangeisneverequaltotheaveragerateofchangeonthe
!2
giveninterval.(Geometrically,theslopeofthetangenttothegraphisnever
).
7
ThisdoesnotcontradicttheMeanValueTheorembecausethefunctionisnot
differentiableontheopeninterval.Differentiabilityfailsatt=3(verticaltangent)
andt=0(corner).

APCALCULUSABandBC|FREERESPONSESOLUTIONS|MAY42011|D.Shubleka

Problem5BC[NOCALCULATOR]

a)
L(t) = W (0) + W '(0)(t ! 0)
1400 ! 300
1100
L(t) = 1400 +
t = 1400 +
t = 1400 + 44t
25
25
1
f (0.25) " L(0.25) = 1400 + 44 * = 1400 +11 = 1411 tons of waste are approximately present
4

b)
% W ! 300
d 2W 1
1 dW 1 " 1
= W'=
= $ (W ! 300)' =
2
&
dt
25
25 dt 25 # 25
625

@W (0) = 1400 :
d 2W 1400 ! 300
=
> 0 ( CONCAVE UP ( W (0.25) IS AN UNDERESTIMATE
dt 2
625

c)
SeparationofVariables
dW 1
= (W ! 300) W (0) = 1400
dt 25
1
1
dW = dt
W ! 300
25
1
1
" W ! 300 dW = " 25 dt
1
ln | W ! 300 |= t + C

25
ln |1400 ! 300 |= ln1100 = C

ln | W ! 300 |=
1

W ! 300 = e 25

1
t + ln1100
25

t+ln1100
1

W (t) = 300 +1100e 25

APCALCULUSABandBC|FREERESPONSESOLUTIONS|MAY42011|D.Shubleka

Problem6BC[NOCALCULATOR]

a)
x3 x5 x 7
sin x = x ! + ! +...
3! 5! 7!

x 6 x10 x14
2
2
sin(x ) = x ! +
!
+...
3! 5! 7!

b)
x2 x4 x6
cos x = 1! + ! +...
2! 4! 6!
"
% " x2 x4 x6
%
x 6 x10 x14
f (x) = sin(x 2 ) + cos x = $ x 2 ! +
!
+... ' + $1! + ! +... '
3! 5! 7!
#
& # 2! 4! 6!
&

f (x) = 1!

x2 x4 " 1 1 % 6
x 2 x 4 121x 6
+ ! $ + ' x +... = 1! + !
+...
2 4! # 3! 6! &
2 24 720

c)
f (6) (0) !121
=
" f (6) (0) = !121
6!
720
d)
f (5) (k)x 5
1
Error Bound =
0!k!
5!
4

f (5) (k) < 40 (from the graph)

x=

1
4

"1%
40 $ '
(5)
5
f (k)x
40
5* 4 * 2
1
1
1
#4&
Error Bound =
=
= 5
= 5
=
=
<
5
5!
5!
4 * 5! 4 (5* 4 * 3* 2) 3* 4 3072 3000

APCALCULUSABandBC|FREERESPONSESOLUTIONS|MAY42011|D.Shubleka

Problem1AB[CALCULATOR]

a)
speed = v(t) = 2sin(et/4 ) +1

Givenbelowisagraphofvelocity.Att=5.5,velocityisdecreasing.However,the
graphofthespeedfunctionwouldbeareflectionaboutthehorizontalaxis.This
meansthatspeedisincreasingatt=5.5.Onecouldeasilyfindtheslopetothespeed
functionusingagraphingdevice.

b)

vavg[0,6] =

1
6!0

"

1
distance units
v(t) dt = *11.6963 # 1.949
0
6
time unit
6

APCALCULUSABandBC|FREERESPONSESOLUTIONS|MAY42011|D.Shubleka

c)

TotalDistance[0,6] =

6
0

v(t) dt = ! 2sin ( et/4 ) +1 dt =12.573

0

d)
Theparticlechangesdirectionwhenthevelocitychangessign.Onthegiveninterval
thisoccursatt=5.196.(Thezerowasfoundusethegraphingcalculator.)

ThepositionatthistimecanbefoundusingtheFundamentalTheoremofCalculus:

x(5.1955) ! x(0) =

"

5.1955
0

v(t) dt

x(5.1955) = x(0) +12.1348 = 2 +12.1348 # 14.135 units

Problem2AB[CALCULATOR]

PleaseseesolutiontoProblem2BC[CALCULATOR]

APCALCULUSABandBC|FREERESPONSESOLUTIONS|MAY42011|D.Shubleka

Problem3AB[NOCALCULATOR]

a)
f '(x) = 24x 2
f '(0.5) = 24 * 0.25 = 6
f (0.5) = 1

1
L(x) = f (0.5) + f '(0.5)(x ! 0.5) = 1+ 6(x ! ) = 6x ! 2
2
y = 6x ! 2

b)

A=

"

1
2
x=0
x=

g(x) ! f (x)dx = "

1
2
x=0
x=

sin(! x) ! 8x 3 dx = "

1
2
x=0
x=

sin(! x)dx !
x=

"

1
2
x=0
x=

8x 3 dx

1
2
x=
# !cos(! x)
!1 x= 12
1 # !1 &
1 1
4&
2 8x 3 dx =
A=
!
!
sin(
!
x)dx
!
!
2x
= ! ! % ( = ! + square units
%
(
"
"
x=0
x=0
$
' x=0
!
!
8 $! '
8 !

c)
WasherMethod
r(x) = 1! g(x) = 1! sin(! x) (inner radius "near")

R(x) = 1! f (x) = 1! 8x 3 (outer radius "far")

1
[a, b] = [0, ]
2
V =!

1
2
x=0
x=

& [ R(x)] ! [r(x)]

dx = !

&

1
2
x=0
x=

"#1! 8x 3 $% ! [1! sin(! x)]2 dx

Problem4AB[NOCALCULATOR]

PleaseseesolutiontoProblem4BC[NOCALCULATOR]

Problem5AB[NOCALCULATOR]

PleaseseesolutiontoProblem5BC[NOCALCULATOR]

APCALCULUSABandBC|FREERESPONSESOLUTIONS|MAY42011|D.Shubleka

Problem6AB[NOCALCULATOR]

a)
f (0) = 1! 2sin 0 = 1
lim f (x) = lim! 1! 2sin x = 1
x"0!
x"0

lim+ f (x) = lim+ e!4 x = e 0 = 1

x"0

x"0

lim f (x) = f (0) # continuous at x = 0

x"0

b)
"!2 cos x
f '(x) = #
!4 x
$!4e

x<0
x>0

f '(x) = !3

Itcannotbetotheleftofx=0sincethederivativeislessthan2inabsolutevalue.
!4e!4 x = !3

3
4

!4x = ln(0.75)
ln( 43 ) ln( 43 )
x=
=
!4
4

c)
1
1
1
1 0
f AVG[!1,1] =
f (x)dx = #% " 1! 2sin x dx + " e!4 x dx &(
"
0
'
1! (!1) !1
2 $ !1
1&
& 1#
&
0
1#
1
1#
1
1
f AVG[!1,1] = %( x + 2 cos x ) !1 ! e!4 x ( = %2 ! (!1+ 2 cos(!1) ! (e!4 !1)( = %3! 2 cos(!1) + (1! e!4 )(
0'
' 2$
'
2$
4
2$
4
4
1 1
1#
1&
f AVG[!1,1] = * #$12 ! 8cos(!1) + (1! e!4 )&' = %13! 8cos(!1) ! 4 (
2 4
8$
e '

e!4 x =